SAT考试语法题命题思路及解题思路.docx
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SAT考试语法题命题思路及解题思路考试语法题命题思路及解题思路SAT考试语法题命题思路及解题思路IdentifyingSentenceErrors一、主谓一致1.就前原则
(1)N1ofN2verb(SAT考试中动词的单复数与N1有关,与N2无关)如:
agroupofstudentsarethedetailsoftheproblemsare例:
Thebright(A)fiberglasssculpturesofLuisJimenezhasreceived(B)criticalacclaimnotonly(C)inhishomestate,NewMexico,butalsoin(D)NewYork.Noerror(E).
(2)名词1+介词+名词2如:
studentsintheclassroom名词,插入语,verb名词+doing/done如:
studentsstudyinghard例:
Flintsfoundin(A)theregionextendingfromtheNileValleyto(B)thehighlandsofeasternIraqatteststo(C)thepresenceofpeoplethereaslongagoas(D)onehundredthousandyears.Noerror(E).2.“欲擒故纵”法动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则,如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时,用“欲擒故纵”法。
3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法
(1)anumberof一些;一般情况下其后动词用复数,(不受任何规律限制);thenumberof的数量;其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。
量词考点:
agroup/list/lineof使用“就前原则”
(2)倒装结构:
就后原则。
如:
herecomesthebusa.地点状语+动词+主语b.Only置于句首的倒装例:
Inthefoothillsofthatlargemountainrangeis(A)thesourcesofariverwhosecourse(B)wasnotfullymapped(C)until(D)thiscentury.Noerror(E).例:
Airpollutioncausedbyindustrialfumeshasbeenstudied(A)foryears,but(B)onlyrecentlyhas(C)theharmfuleffectsofnoisepollutionbecome(D)known.Noerror(E).4.名词集合名词:
family,group,stuff,team,community,这些词作主语谓语的单复数取决于该名词是指整体,还是整体中的各个成员,如果是指后者就用复数谓语动词。
people,cattle,police:
其后的谓语动词用复数以s结尾的词:
means,species,news以cs结尾的词:
physics,mathematics,不表示复数,是单数。
以us结尾的词:
octopus(章鱼),platypus(鸭嘴兽),-saurus(恐龙)考点:
名词的单复数二、平行结构
(1)名词,名词,and名词例:
EachtimeCarolineturnsonhercomputer,shehas(A)toenteracompanycode,thenherinitials,andthenentersapassword(B)before(C)shecanbeginworking(D).Noerror(E).例:
Ofthehundredsofwarm-watercoralspecies,onlyafew(A)arehighlyprized(B)foruseinjewelrybecauseoftheir(C)beauty,luster,andtheyarehard(D).Noerror(E).
(2)两者之间的平行如:
notonly,butalsoneither,noreither,orand/but.例:
Thelaborunionisnegotiating(A)acontractwiththehospitalthat(B)willsatisfy(C)thedemandsoftheworkersandbeacceptableto(D)alllevelsofmanagement.Noerror(E).(3)句子的平行考点:
同类比较特点:
-er,more,than,as,like,unlike,compareto/with.如:
ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.所有格和所有格之间比较时,第二个所有格是不能省略的,需要补充thatof/thoseof/s。
三、形容词和副词adj.+n./pron.adv.+v./adj./adv.如:
Ifindthebookeasy.Ifindthebookeasily.例:
Althoughcanoeingthrough(A)therapidswasexciting,itwas(B)alsoexhausting,andwewerehappyforatimetohavethecanoefloatserene(C)down(D)asmoothstretchoftheriver.Noerror(E).笔记:
serene平静的;serenely平静地如:
快速的发展中的国家rapidlydevelopingcountry例:
Theresearchstudyreveals(A)startlingproofofaconstant(B)changingseafloorthatcomprises(C)themajorpartof(D)theunderwaterlandscape.Noerror(E).例:
Justhow(A)criticalanimprovedbalanceoftradeisto(B)ahealthyeconomyhasneverbeen(C)moreclearer(D)thanitisnow.Noerror(E).四、逻辑主语
(1)Doing/done,SVO.如:
Beatenblackandblue,Kittyiscrying.Beatingblackandblue,Kittyiscrying.例:
Contrastingwith(A)mostother(B)fifteenth-centuryrulers,PortugueseKingscouldcounton(C)thesupportofthearistocracyinany(D)overseasventures.Noerror(E)例:
Raisedinalargeandnoisycity,itwasonlywhenIwentawaytocollegethatIrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe.(A)itwasonlywhenIwentawaytocollegethatIrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe(B)whenIwentawaytocollegeIthenrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe(C)goingawaytocollegemademerealizehowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe(D)IdidnotrealizehowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbeuntilIwentawaytocollege(E)delightfullifeinasmalltownwasunrealizedbymeuntilIwentawaytocollege例:
WhileworkingasanurseinthestreetsofCalcutta,thatwaswhenMotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor.(A)thatwaswhenMotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor(B)MotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor(C)thenthedevelopmentofMotherTeresasprofoundloveforthepoortookplace(D)MotherTeresasprofoundloveforthepoordeveloped(E)aprofoundloveforthepoordevelopedinMotherTeresa例:
Havingthoughttheproblemthroughwithsomecare,thatthecommitteedidnotunderstandhersolutionfrustratedthechairpersonextremely.(A)thatthecommitteedidnotunderstandhersolutionfrustratedthechairpersonextremely(B)thechairpersonsextremelyfrustrationresultedfromthecommitteenotunderstandinghersolution(C)thechairpersonsfrustrationatthecommitteesfailingtounderstandhersolutionwasextreme(D)thechairpersonwasextremelyfrustratedbythecommitteesfailuretounderstandhersolution(E)thecommitteesfailingtounderstandhersolutionwasanextremefrustrationtothechairpersonwhile/when/by/on/throughDoing/done,SVO.例:
BysimplyenteringanInternetwebsiteorcallingatoll-freenumber,acatalogordercanbeplacedforalmostanythingfromcheesecakestofullyequippeddesktopcomputers.(A)acatalogordercanbeplaced(B)byplacingacatalogorder(C)theywillplaceyourcatalogorder(D)youcanplaceacatalogorder(E)yourcatalogordercanbeplaced例:
Indicatingtheirdesiretoextendfreeenterprise,CanadianselectedamemberoftheProgressiveConservativeParty,KimCampbell,asPrimeMinisterin1993.(A)CanadianselectedamemberoftheProgressiveConservativeParty,KimCampbell,asPrimeMinister(B)CanadianselectionofamemberoftheProgressiveConservativePartyasPrimeMinisterwasKimCampbell(C)KimCampbelloftheProgressiveConservativePartywaselectedPrimeMinisterofCanada(D)theProgressiveConservativePartysKimCampbellwaselectedPrimeMinisterofCanadians(E)amemberoftheProgressiveConservativeParty,KimCampbell,waselectedbyCanadiansasPrimeMinister例:
Thoughnowoneofthemostfamousabstractartists,criticsonceridiculedJacksonPollockforhistechniqueofsplatteringpaintoncanvases.(A)criticsonceridiculedJacksonPollock(B)criticsoncewereridiculingJacksonPollock(C)JacksonPollockonceridiculedbycritics(D)JacksonPollockwasonceridiculedbycritics(E)JacksonPollock,havingoncebeenridiculedbycritics
(2)SVO,doing/done.S与分词SVOdoing/done.O与分词如:
Theboysarewatchingagalaxyofbeautiespassingby,slobbering.例:
During(A)mymostrecent(B)trip,Icameacross(C)awonderfulantiquestorewandering(D)intheoldquarterofthecity.Noerror(E).五、代词代词一定要确切地指明具体对象。
(1)单复数例:
Thestarlingissucha(A)pestinruralareasthatithasbecome(B)necessarytofindways(C)ofcontrollingthegrowthoftheir(D)population.Noerror(E)例:
Contrastingwith(A)mostother(B)fifteenth-centuryrulers,PortugueseKingscouldcounton(C)thesupportofthearistocracyinany(D)overseasventures.Noerror(E)
(2)主格,宾格主格:
I,we,they宾格:
me,us,him,her区别:
做主格的一般出现在句首,做宾格的一般出现在动词、介词后。
宾语:
动词宾语、介词宾语。
例:
ThereportAlexanderisdiscussing(A),areportpreparedjointlybyhe(B)andthecommittee,doesnottakeintoaccount(C)thesocioeconomicstatusofthoseinterviewed(D).Noerror(E)例:
Apparentlyimpressedwith(A)ourplans,thefoundationawardedCarlosandI(B)agranttoestablish(C)anetworkofcommunitycentersthroughout(D)thecity.Noerror(E)例:
Forwe(A)students,concernaboutimpending(B)tuitionhikeswasevenmoreacutethan(C)apprehensionabout(D)finalexams.Noerror(E)(3)one,you不能相互指代one与he/she对应;ones与they对应例:
Forpeoplein(A)manyancientsocieties,workwasonlyameansof(B)survivalratherthan(C)awaytoimproveyour(D)standardofliving.Noerror(E)(4)this划线(5)which,who,whom,that考点:
which不能指代人,who,whom不能指代物。
例:
Candymanufacturersapplaudedthediscoveryby(A)researchersthatstudentswhich(B)smellchocolatewhilestudyingandagainwhiletaking(C)atestareableto(D)recallmorematerialthanstudentsnotexposedtotheodorofchocolate.Noerror(E)例:
Inaworldthat(A)therateoftechnologicalandsocialchangeacceleratesfrighteningly(B),changeitself(C)oftenseemstobetheonlyconstant(D).Noerror(E)Where,inwhich的区别:
介词+which的用法where六、时态
(1)现在类一般现在时,现在完成时,现在进行时,现在将来时。
(2)过去类一般过去时,过去完成时,过去进行时,过去将来时。
例:
Jeromeoftenreferredto(A)arthistorytextbookwhilehe(B)wassculpting;wheneverhelearnedanewmethodinartclass,heseeksout(C)theworkofsculptorswhohadusedit(D)inthepast.Noerror(E)(P409.15)例:
Someoftheworkerswhoresent(A)thesupervisorsauthoritywouldprobably(B)feeluncomfortableif(C)theyweretoacquiretheindependencethattheydemand(D).Noerror(E)(3)不规则动词的过去分词例:
AlthoughbornintheMidwest,LangstonHugheslivedmostofhisadultlifeinHarlem,inNewYorkCity,where(A),like(B)otherwritersinthe1930s,hehadwrote(C)someofhisfinest(D)works.Noerror(E)七、介词
(1)基础介词的搭配
(2)把介词的固定用法出得很长(3)常考的点:
有能力去做beabletohaveabilitytobecapableofdoingpreoccupationwith总结归纳:
(1)动词划线:
时态、单复数;
(2)代词;(3)平行结构;(4)形容词和副词;(5)名词;(6)逻辑主语;(7)介词。
易错点:
时态、固定用法、5E选项。
作业:
OG上所有的挑错题,并且分类总结。
ImprovingSentences1.简洁原则because比becauseof,awareof,considering;主动被动;直接间接;动词名词。
例:
Anitalikedtowatchtelevision,ofwhichshefoundthescienceprogramsespeciallyfascinating.(A)television,ofwhichshefoundthescienceprogramsespeciallyfascinating(B)television;shefoundthescienceprogramsespeciallyfascinating(C)television,anditwasespeciallythescienceprogramsthatwereoffascination(D)television;thefascinationofthescienceprogramsespecially(E)television,especiallyfascinatingtoherweretheprograms2.runon句型SVO,SVO两个句子相连:
SVO,conjSVO或者SVO;SVO副词和介词不能连接两个句子:
SVO,advSVO或者SVO,prepSVOadv:
以ly结尾的词;词根判断法;however,thus,hence,then,also,even练习:
SVO,thusSVO.SVO,howeverSVO.SVO,butSVO.SVO,althoughSVO.SVO;thereforeSVO.SVO;butSVO.SVO;althoughSVO.例:
Sincesome(A)peopleareconvincedthat(B)dowsing,amethodoffindingundergroundwaterwithaY-shapedstick,iseffective,butotherscondemntheprocedureas(C)meresuperstition(D).Noerror(E)(P602.24)1,Manystudentsworkafterschoolandonweekends,consequentlytheydonothavemuchtimefordoingtheirhomework.A,weekends,consequentlytheydonot