职称英语复习题.docx

职称英语复习题.docx

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职称英语复习题

2003年职称英语理工A考试试题

第一部分：

词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）

   下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

   1.Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

   AexplainedBinvented

   CconsideredDaccepted

   2.Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

   AheavyBstrong

   CkindDwild

   3.Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

   AmakingBtaking

   CdiscussingDexpecting

   4.Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.

   AwasteBbuy

   CuseDsell

   5.Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

   AfunctionBability

   CpowerDvolume

   6.Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

   AtenselyBnearly

   CcarefullyDclosely

   7.Herfaithupheldherintimesofsadness.

   AsupportedBexcited

   CinspiredDdirected

   8.Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry’shistory.

   AcleanBperfect

   CrealDbrief

   9.Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.

   AsuggestedBwarned

   CstatedDconfirmed

   10.Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o’clock.

   AbeganBcontinued

   CendedDresumed

   11.Redflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.

   AsignBsubstitute

   CproofDtarget

   12.Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.

   AreluctantBeager

   CpleasedDangry

   13.IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.

   AlimitBcontrol

   CreplaceDoffset

   14.Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.

   AdenyBinvestigate

   CstressDcreate

   15.Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.

   AgraduallyBsuddenly

   CexcessivelyDexceptionally

   第2部分：

阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）

   阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

   ADolphinandanAstronomer

   Onedayin1963,adolphinnamedElvarandafamousastronomer,CarlSagan,wereplayingalittlegame.Theastronomerwasvisitinganinstitutewhichwaslookingintothewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.Saganwasstandingontheedgeofoneofthetankswhereseveralofthesefriendly,highlyintelligentcreatureswerekept.Elvarhadjustswumupalongsidehimandhadturnedonhisback.

   ThedolphinwantedSagantoscratchhisstomachagain,astheastronomerhaddonetwicebefore.ElvarlookedupatSagan,waiting.Then,afteraminuteorso,thedolphinleaptupthroughthewaterandmadeasoundjustliketheword“more”.Theastonishedastronomerwenttothedirectoroftheinstituteandtoldhimabouttheincident.‘Oh,yes.That’soneofthewordsheknows,’thedirectorsaid,showingnosurpriseatall.

   Dolphinshavebiggerbraininproportiontotheirbodysizethanhumanshave,andithasbeenknownforalongtimethattheycanmakeanumberofsounds.Whatismore,thesesoundsseemtohavedifferentfunctions,suchaswarningeachotherofdanger.Soundtravelsmuchfasterandmuchfurtherinwaterthanitdoesinair.Thatiswhythepartsofthebrainthatdealwithsoundaremuchbetterdevelopedindolphinthaninhumans.Butcanitbesaidthatdolphinshavea‘language’,intherealsenseoftheword?

Scientistsdon’tagreeonthis.

   Alanguageisnotjustacollectionofsounds,orevenwords.Alanguagehasastructureandwhatwecallagrammar.Thestructureandgrammarofalanguagehelptogiveitmeaning.Forexample,thetwoquestions“WholovesMary?

”and“WhodoesMarylove?

”meanverydifferentthings.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,youwillseethatthisdifferencedoesn’tcomefromthewordsinthequestionbutfromthedifferenceinstructure.Thatiswhythequestion“Candolphinsspeak?

”can’tbeanswereduntilwefindoutifdolphinsnotonlymakesoundsbutalsoarrangetheminagrammaticalorderwhichaffectstheirmeaning.

   16Theastronomerwasnotinterestedinthewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.

   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

   17ThedolphinleaptupintotheairbecauseSaganwastoonearthewater.

   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

   18Partsofthedolphin’sbrainareparticularlywelldevelopedtohandledifferentkindsofsound.

   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

   19Dolphinsarethemostusefulanimalstohumans.

   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

   20Dolphinstravelfasterinwaterthananyotheranimals.

   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

   21Somescientistsbelievethatdolphinshavealanguageoftheirown.

   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

   22Soundscanbecalledalanguageonlywhentheyhaveastructureandagrammar.

   ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

   第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）

   阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；

（2）第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

   TheWeightExperiment

   NicolaWaltershasbeentakingpartinexperimentsinScotlandtodiscoverwhyhumansgainandlostweight.Beinglockedinasmallroomcalleda‘calorimeter’（热量测量室）isonewaytofindout.

   1Thesighsabovethetworoomsreadsimply“ChamberOne”and“ChamberTwo”.Thesearethecalorimeters:

4mby2mwhite-walledroomswherehumanvolunteersarelockedupinthenameofscience.Outsidetheseroomsanothersignreads“Pleasedonotenter-workinprogress”andinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.Eachday,mealsmeasuredtothelastgramarepassedthroughaholeinthewallofthecalorimetertotheresidentvolunteer.

   2NicolaWaltersisoneoftwentyvolunteerswho,overthepasteightmonths,havespentvaryingperiodsinsidethecalorimeter.Tallandslim,Nicoladoesnothaveaweightproblem,butthoughtthestrictdietmighthelpwithhertrainingandfitnessprogramme.Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Shesawanadvertforvolunteersatherlocalgymandassheisinterestedinthewholeareaofdietandexercise,shethoughtshewouldhelpout.

   3TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenextintheroom.Thissequencewasrepeatedfourtimesoversixweeks.Shearrivedatthecalorimeterat8:

30amoneachofthefourmorningsandfromthenoneverythingsheateordrankwascarefullymeasured.Hereverymovewasnotedtoo,herdailyexerciseroutinetimedtothelastsecond.Atregularintervals,aftereating,shefilledinformsabouthowhungryshefeltandsamplesweretakenforanalysis.

   4Thescientistshelpvolunteersimposeakindoforderonthelongdaystheyfaceintheroom.“Thefirsttime,Ionlytookonevideoandabook,butitwasOKbecauseIwatchedTVtherestofthetime,”saysNicola.Andtwiceadaysheusedtheexercisebike.Shepedaled（）forhalfanhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidn’tgotoofast.

   5Itseemsthatsomefoodsencourageyoutoeatmore,whileotherssatisfyyouquickly.Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdietsarelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,theresearchersareabouttostarttestingahigh-proteinweight-lossdiet.VolunteersarerequiredandNicolahassignedupforfurthersessions.

   AWhatdoesthecalorimeterlooklikeinside?

   BWhatprogramwasdesignedfortheexperiment?

   CWhatisacalorimeter?

   DWhatisthefirstimpression?

   EHowdothevolunteerskillthetime?

   FWhydidNicolajoinintheexperiments?

   23Paragraph1____________

   24Paragraph1____________

   25Paragraph1____________

   26Paragraph1____________

   27Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything___________.

   28NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments________________.

   29Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter____________.

   30Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets_____________.

   Athevolunteersdo

   Bbecauseshedoesnothaveaweightproblem

   Cbecausethelifetherecanbeveryboring

   Dmakepeopleovereat

   Ebecauseshewasherownboss

   Fafterpassingahigh-proteintest

   第4部分：

阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）

   下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。

请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

   第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvests

   Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

   TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

   Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.

   Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares（公顷）ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts（妨碍生长）plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves（红树林）thatcreateswamps（沼泽）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep（渗透）in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated（蒸发）bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsb