版初中英语语法01 名词.docx
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版初中英语语法01名词
第1章名词
I.专有名词和普通名词
1.专有名词表示特定的或者独一无二的人或物，如人名，地名，机构名称等。
1）专有名词的首字母要大写，如：
ChinaAfricaMr.Green
2）一般的人名、地名通常不带定冠词，但河流、海岸、群岛、海峡等名臣带定冠词，如：
thePacificOceantheEnglishChannel
3）某些由普通名词组成的专有名词也带定冠词，如：
theGreatWalltheChildren’sPalacethePeople’sPark
theChineseNewYeartheUnitedStatesofAmerica
4）专有名词一般没有复数形式。
但表示姓的专有名词变成复数时，指改姓的一家人，前面必须加定冠词，如：
theGreenstheSmiththeWangs
2.普通名词表示一类人、物或事，可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
1）个体名词指人或物的个体，是可数名词。
2）集体名词是一群人或物的总称，有些事可数名词，有些是不可数名词。
可数名词：
aclass--twoclassesateam--twoteams
不可数名词：
furnitureequipment
3）物质名词表示不能分为分体的物质，多数是不可数名词。
4）抽象名词表示人或物的品质、状态等抽象概念，多数是不可数名词。
专项训练1
选择填空
1.Therearesome__________inthefridge.
A.fruitB.dishesC.breadD.ice-cream
2.__________chickendidyouhaveforlunch?
A.HowB.WhatC.HowmanyD.Howmuch
3.Ithinkyou’dbetternoteat__________sweets.
A.toomanyB.toomuchC.somanyD.somuch
4.__________Amazonisshorterthan__________Nile.
A.An…aB.The…/C./…/D.The…the
5.TheBrowns__________afootballmatchwhentheguestsknockedonthedoor.
A.waswatchingB.iswatchingC.werewatchingD.arewatching
6.Chinaisfamousfor__________.
A.greatwallB.thegreatwallC.GreatWallD.theGreatWall
7.Thegovernmentneeds__________moneytomaketheriversclean.
A.alotB.agreatmany
C.alargeamountofD.alargenumberof
8.Washingtonisthecapitalof__________.
A.AmericaB.anAmericaC.theAmericaD.Americans
9.Weshouldtake__________.
A.agoodadviceB.anadvicegood
C.somegoodadviceD.somegoodadvices
10.TVnewsoftengivesuslotsof__________.
A.informationsB.information
C.pieceofinformationD.piecesofinformations
11.Ifbychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askhimorhertoleavea__________.
A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice
12.Theseyoungpeoplearenowmakinganactive__________tosavetheoldtemple.
A.partB.effortC.decisionD.plan
13.Hisfavorite__________istheBeatlesandhe’sgotlotsofCDs.（09中考天津）
A.filmB.singerC.bandD.concert
14.Thereismore__________todaysolifeismoredangerousandlesshealthy.（09中考天津）
A.knowledgeB.freedomC.pollutionD.population
15.Don'tpushtothefront;you·havetowaityour__________
A.chanceB.dutyC.lineD.turn
16.--I'mafraidIcan'tgettherebefore9o'clock.
--That'sOK.There's__________.（09中考安徽）
A.nowayB.nowonderC.nodoubtD.nohurry
17.Youhaveworkedouttheplanandnowwemustputitinto__________.
A.fallB.realityC.practiceD.deed
【分析】易错题。
putitintopractice意思是“实行，实现，投入实施”。
II.可数名词
1.规则可数名词复数形式的构成如下：
1）大部分可数名词，通常加-s变成复数，如：
day--dayscard--cardsship--shipsmonth—months
2）以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾的名词，加-es变成复数，如：
class--classesbox--boxesbrush-brushesmatch--matches
3）以o结尾的名词，加-s变复数，如：
radio-radiosphoto-photoszoo-zoospiano-pianosvideo-videos
kilo-kilos
或加-es变成复数，如：
potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes
Eg.Irishpeopleeatalotof__________fortheirmeals.
A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.photoes
4）以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-es变为复数，如：
city-citieslady-ladiesfamily-familiesfactory-factoriesdormitory-dormitories
5）以-f或fe结尾的名词，变-f为v，再加-es变成复数，如：
life-livesknife-kniveswife-wiveswolf-wolveshalf-halvesshelf-shelvesscarf-scarves
Eg.Thedeadlydiseasespreadrapidlytookawaythousandsof__________.
A.liveB.lifeC.lifesD.lives
但是以-f结尾的名词，可直接加-s变成复数，如：
roof-roofsproof-proofshandkerchief-handkerchiefs
Eg.WhatDarwin（达尔文）saidwasanattackonpeople'sreligious（宗教的）__________.
A.beliefB.beliefsC.believeD.believes
【分析】易错题。
2.不规则可数名词复数形式的构成如下：
1）单、复数同形，如：
sheepdeerChineseheadquarters
Eg.Therearesome__________waitingforyououtside.
A.GermanB.AmericanC.grown-upD.Japanese
2）通过内部元音字母变构成为复数，如：
man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenpostman-postmen
mouse-miceEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Frenchmenfoot-feet
tooth-teethgoose-geese
3）通过加-en变成复数，如：
child-childrenox-oxen
3.可数名词可以有以下一些两次修饰，如：
fewmistakesafewphotossomevegetablesmanybuildingsplentyofanimals
alotofbookslotsoftoysalargenumberofbuseslargenumberofcountries
apairofshoesagroupofstudentshundredsofflags
Eg.
.Becauseoftheeconomiccrisis,alotofproductsareonsale,but__________goodones.
A.anyB.someC.fewD.many
.__________enjoywatchingtheEnglishprogram“ShanghaiRush”onICS.
A.MoststudentB.Mostofstudents
C.MostofstudentD.Mostofthestudents
.Yearshavepassed.IfindMotherhas__________
A.alittlewhitehairB.muchwhitehair
C.somewhitehairD.afewwhitehairs
【分析】易错题。
4.有些可数名词只有复数形式，如：
clothestrousers
Eg.Pleasegetmeanew__________whenyougototown.
A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.Trousers
专项训练2
选择填空
1.Inthisletter,UncleLeetoldusmany__________abouthisvisittotheUnitedStates.
A.newsB.storiesC.informationD.truth
2.Ispentlargenumbersof__________preparingforthefinalexams.
A.energyB.timeC.hoursD.strength
3.Manytouristsfromdifferent__________cometovisitShanghaieveryyear.
A.countryB.countrysC.countriesD.countries
4.MissSmithdoesn’thave__________houseworktodotoday.
A.muchB.manyC.alotD.apiece
5.Wefinallygotseveral__________ofhisinnocence.
A.proofB.proofsC.provesD.proves
6.Agroupofboystudents__________basketballontheplaygroundatthemoment.
A.playB.playsC.isplayingD.areplaying
7.Myauntbought__________cottonstockingsformeatthedepartmentstore.
A.apairofB.aloafofC.apieceofD.agroupof
8.WangDaminghascaughtsome__________,andhisfamilywillhave__________forsupper
today.
A.fish…fishesB.fishes…fishC.fishes…fishesD.fishing…fish
9.Therearemany__________inthishospital.
A.womandoctorB.womandoctorsC.womendoctorD.womendoctors
10.LastweekIate__________.
A.toomuchhamburgerB.toomanyhamburger
C.toomanyhamburgersD.toomuchhamburgers
11.--Doyouliketolistento“Mozart”?
--Yes.Listeningto__________ismyfavourite.（08年中考山东）
A.songsB.musicC.storiesD.News
12.Annishelpfulandsheoftengivesmea__________whenI’mintrouble.
A.replyB.handC.seatD.reason
13."YouAretheChef"invitesfamous__________toteachaudiencehowtomakedeliciousdishesonTV.
A.cookersB.cookeryC.cooksD.cooking
14.Youhavetomake__________foryourjourney.
A.preparingB.preparationC.apreparationD.preparations
【分析】易错题。
15.Theirfactoryhasdevelopedakindof__________tohelppeoplewalk.
A.machineB.machinesC.amachineD.themachine
【分析】易错题。
akindof后面加名词单数，名词前不加冠词
III.不可数名词
1.不可数名词没有单复区别，一般以单数对待；物质名词和抽象名词多数为不可数名词。
2.不可数名词如果要及时的话，要使用“单位词”，如：
abottleofwaterapieceofpaperthreecupsofteatwopieceofinformation
3.不可数名词可以有以下一些量词修饰，如：
littlerainalittlefoodsomefruitmuchinformationplentyofwater
alotofhouseworklotsofmoneyanamountofsnowhugeamountofwood
Eg.
.ProfessorLioftengavehisstudents__________onhowtowriteessays.
A.someadviceB.apieceofadvice
C.afewadvicesD.littleadvice
.Youshoulddomore__________.Don’talwaysbeatthedeskbuydoingyour__________.
A.exercises,exercisesC.exercise,exercise
C.exercises,exerciseD.exercise,exercises
.It’sgoingtobeabusydaytoday.Ihave__________worktodo.
A.ahardB.alotC.manyD.Much
.Some__________areeventhinnerthanyourlittlefinger.
A.bambooB.bamboos
C.kindsofbambooD.kindsofbamboo
.What__________weatherwe’rehavingthesedays!
A.niceB.aniceC.abadD.Worse
【分析】易错题。
weather不可数。
.Oldasheis,hehas_________todoeveryday.
A.alotofworkB.muchworks
C.lotsofhomeworksD.quitealotofhomeworks
.Jack’sroomisfurnishedwith__________.
A.newfurnituresB.manynewfurnitures
C.manynewpiecesoffurnituresD.manynewpiecesoffurniture
专项训练3
选择填空
1.Therewas__________mudonthegroundaftertheheavyrain.
A.anyB.manyC.muchD.lotof
2.Ineed__________scissorstocutthepaper.
A.aB.apairofC.apieceofD.two
3.Don’teat__________chocolate.It’sbadtoyourteeth.
A.toomuchB.somuchC.toomanyD.somany
4.Weneedhugeamountsof__________aboutcomputers.
A.booksB.notesC.newspapersD.information
5.Wehave__________inournewflat.
A.muchfurnitureB.manyfurnitures
C.plentyfurnitureD.alotoffurnitures
6.Youmayfind__________rubbishatabuildingsite.
A.manyB.alotofC.plentyD.amountof
7.Mr.andMrs.Greenareahappy__________.
A.pairB.groupC.coupleD.people
8.Electricalappliancesarepoweredby__________.
A.electricB.electricityC.electricitysD.electricities
9.Wouldthestudentsliketohaveadiscussionon__________inclass?
A.pollutionB.pollutionsC.apollutionD.somepollutions
10.What__________wearehavingtoday!
A.suchaniceweatherB.aniceweather
C.soniceaweatherD.niceweather
IV.名词所有格
1.表示有生命的名词的所有格构成如下：
1）非复数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词，通常加-’s构成所有格，如：
Eg.
.Doyouknowhowlarge__________is?
A.populationofChinaB.Chinesepopulation
C.ChinapopulationD.China’spopulation
.Hehad__________sleepyesterday.
A.agoodnightB.agood-nightC.agoodnight’sD.good-night’s
【分析】易错题。
agoodnight’ssleep.表示“一夜好觉”，为固定搭配。
.Aplantdepends
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