第 20单元 状语1.docx

上传人:b****6 文档编号:7066717 上传时间:2023-01-16 格式:DOCX 页数:27 大小:41.48KB
下载 相关 举报
第 20单元 状语1.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共27页
第 20单元 状语1.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共27页
第 20单元 状语1.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共27页
第 20单元 状语1.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共27页
第 20单元 状语1.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共27页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

第 20单元 状语1.docx

《第 20单元 状语1.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第 20单元 状语1.docx(27页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

第 20单元 状语1.docx

第20单元状语1

第20单元状语

(1)

引言

1623在这个单元中我们将讨论状语。

状语是修饰名词和代词以外任何词的,可修饰

(1)动词,

(2)形容词,(3)另一副词,(4)介词,(5)连词,或(6)整个句子。

下面例句中加引号的为被修饰词,状语为斜体部分:

(1)He“works”patiently.

(2)Itisextremely“easy”.(3)Hesleptvery“soundly”.(4)Hesatjust“behind”me.(5)Hegotill partly“because”hewasworried.(6)Honestly,“Iamaspoorasabeggar”.

1624状语可以是

(1)副词,

(2)短语,(3)分词,(4)不定式,(5)介词+非谓语动词,或(6)状语从句:

(1)Hecameyesterday.

(2)Hecamefromtimetotime.(3)Hecametomyoffice,wantingtohaveatalkwithme.(4)Hecametosaygoodbye.(5)Hecameafterfinishinghiswork.(6)Hecameonlywhenhewantedtoborrowmoney.

1625可以从句中删去状语而不影响句子的基本结构:

“Yesterday”“atfive”“whenitbegantodawn”,he“secret-ly”left“foradistantcity”.(S—IV)Heleft.(S—IV)

1626也可在句子里加上这种修饰语,而不影响句子的基本结构:

Maryfellill.(S—LV—A)

“Aftershehadbeentoadinnerparty”,Mary“suddenly”fellill.(S—LV—A)

Hekilledhimself.(S—TV—R)

“Becomingbankrupt”,hekilledhimself“atahotel”“byjumpingdownfromthetwelfthstorey”.(S—TV—R)

从上面例句中可以看出,状语在语法上并不是必不可少的,但在意义上却很重要,因为它修饰一个词,对它作更细致的描述。

1627状语修饰动词时最多。

在修饰动词时,它可以放在几个位置,不过放在某个位置可能比放在其他位置更合适。

(定语的位置却比较固定,一般放在所修饰的名词前面或后面。

)例如yesterday可以放在下面数字代表的5个位置上,不过在一定的上下文中只有一两个位置比较合适:

1Lee2was3drivinghiscar4intothecountry5.

Ⅰ.谓语动词的修饰语

A.副词(短语)

1.副词(短语)概说

a.副词分类

1628根据其意义副词可以分为5类:

16291)时间副词:

表示某个时间的副词(回答when提出的问题):

today,now,tonight,nowadays,presently,immediately;yesterday,earlier,lately,before,recently,ago;tomorrow,soon,shortly,after,later,afterwards;when?

then,early,late,meantime,punctually

表示频度的副词(回答howoften这个问题):

always,perpetually,eternally;continually,repeatedly,generally,usually;frequently,often;sometimes;occasionally;rarely,seldom;never;once,twice;daily,weekly,monthly,yearly;nights(=eachnight),mornings(Am.)

表示时间长度的副词(回答howlong这个问题):

everlastingly,eternally,forever;long;temporarily,briefly.quickly,awhile

16302)地点副词:

表示地点或方向的副词(回答inwhatposition或towhatposition这个问题):

here,there,yonder;far,afar,near,by;on,off,away;before,behind;left,right;up,down;in,out;back,forth;aback,ahead,athwart,overboard;longways,side-ways;over,under;above,below,beneath;outside,in-side,aside;within,without;along,across;together,separately,asunder,apart;centrally,around,about;nowhere,everywhere,anywhere,somewhere;vertically,horizontally,slantwise;downtown,uptown;downstairs,upstairs;abroad,home

方向副词(回答towhatposition这个问题):

backward,forward;upward;downward;inward,out-ward.

注:

地点副词常修饰表示移动的动词,说明“到某地”,如Hewentthere,Heranaway,Hewalkedacross,Itflewoutside,Itfelldown.如果它修饰不表示移动的动词,则说明“在某地”,如Helivesthere.Hekeptawayfromus.Aloglayacross,sothecarcouldnotpass.Hewaiteddownthere,Hestoodoutside.

另外,许多地点副词可以用作名词,作介词from的宾语。

这种from短语表示“来自某处”,试比较下面的句子:

Hewentabroad,Hecamefromabroad;Hecamedowntown,Hecamefromdowntown;Itappearssomewhere,Itappearsfromsomewhere.

16313)方式副词:

以-ly结尾的副词:

slowly,justly,foolishly,honestly,steadily(andmanyothers)

不以-ly结尾的副词:

fast,hard,thus,how,ill,well,so;peasant-style,Soviet-style,dog-fashion,Mongol-fashion;likewise,otherwise,somehow.

16324)肯定副词:

表示肯定的副词:

certainly,indeed,surely,really,doubt-less,truly

表示不肯定的副词:

perhaps,probably,possibly,maybe

16335)程度副词:

可表示各种不同程度:

接近于“不”:

not,hardly,little

较小程度:

lightly,somewhat

某种程度:

fairly,rather,pretty

较大程度:

very,much,highly,greatly,deeply,extraordinarily

极大程度:

entirely,utterly,absolutely,completely,fully

渐渐:

increasingly,steadily,gadually,slowly

足够:

enough,sufficient

几乎:

nearly

仅仅:

only,just

b.副词短语的结构

1634副词短语指起副词作用的短语。

它常常包含一个介词,如bytheway,oneafteranother;有时它包含一个名词和一个形容词,如thisyear,nextweek,fivedays,alongtime;有时包含and或or,如againandagain,soonerorlater;偶尔包含一些其他词,如sureenough,asusual.它可以是非成语型短语,也可以是成语型短语。

它至少有16种类型。

非成语型短语

1)介词+宾语(名词、动名词、疑问词+不定式、疑问词从句、介词短语):

atHongKong,tothecity;aftermeetingher,bytravel-ling;onhowtodoit,aboutwheretoeatPhilippinefood;astohowtheydoit,astowhenyoungpeopleshouldgetmarried;tillafterlunch,frombehindthedoor

2)“介词+名词+介词”+宾语:

incaseoffailure,byreasonofhisillness,bymeansofsweetwords,onbehalfofmycountry,inspiteoftherain,inplaceofhisposition,inthelightofhisgreatwork,withaviewtohelpingthepoor(这种“介词+名词+介词”是一个固定短语。

3)“副词+介词”+宾语:

togetherwithJohn,alongwithhisson,apartfromhisfol-ly,outofthehouse,downtothemoderntimes,agreeablytotheirinstructions,conformablytohispromise,asidefrommoney.(“副词+介词”也是固定短语)

4)副词+“介词+名词”:

earlyintheday,sometimeintheevening,lateinMay,Sundayatseven,backinthestoneage,faroutatsea,beyondonthehorizon,highupinthesky,outinthestreet,onceforall

5)指示词+表示时间的名词:

thisweek,nextyear,oneday,eachweek,someday,everyhour,thatmoment,thistime(ofyearorday),amoment,aSunday,themoment(heshouted),theday(JohnleftParis)(在指示词前in,on,at均省略)

6)表示数目或数量的形容词+表示时间长度、距离、重量、价格等的名词:

(for)threedays,(for)allweek,(for)ashortmoment;(for)fivemiles,(for)alongdistance,threeblocks;(forseveral)weeks,(forseveral)years;twopounds;50cents

7)名词+地点副词、形容词或定语短语(名词前的with省略):

facedownward,partialityapart,hismouthfullofchocolate,hisbackagainstthewall,hatinhand,gunonshoulder,cigaretteinmouth,myankleswollen,myheartbeatingfast

例如:

Adrunkardwaslyinginthestreet(with)facedownward.Thebellhungfromtheceiling,(with)itstonguestill.

8)各式各样的短语:

Sundaymorning,Tuesdayevening,July6;twodaysago,fiveweekshence,threeyearslater;tenstoreysup,halfwaydown

成语型短语

9)介词+名词:

infact,inanycase,byturns,attimes,onnoaccount,forinstance,byGod,withoutavail,betweenus

10)介词+形容词:

ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,throughthickandthin,afterall,forgood,atbest,atmost,ofold

11)介词+时间或地点副词:

beforelong,untilnow,atonce,forever,oflate,inshort,byfar,forshort

12)名词+介词+名词:

sidebyside,wordforword,dayafterday,facetoface,(from)timetotime,(from)doortodoor,allinall

13)副词+and,or或其他连词+副词:

againandagain,betterandbetter,byandby,moreandmore,throughandthrough,overandoveragain,upanddown,toandfro,onandoff,backwardsandforwards,(every)nowandthen,nowandagain,hereandthere;rightorwrong,onceortwice,soonerorlater,nowornever,seldomornever,neitherherenorthere;seldomifever,moreoftenthatnot

14)名词+and(或or)+名词:

Winterandsummer,nightandday(dayornight)shewaitedforhim.

Theyservedhimhandandfoot(=attendedtohiseverywish).

Theyboundhimhandandfoot(=sothathewasunabletomove).

Heleft,bagandbaggage(=withallhisbelongings).

Heremovedit,rootandbranch(=totally).

Theyattackedus,horseandfoot(=withalltheirmight)

Theywentatit,hammerandtongs(=withgreatforce).

Wemustdevoteourselves,bodyandsoul(orheartandsoul,heartandhand)(=wholeheartedly),tothisgreatcause.

Theydraggedhimoutheadandshoulder(orneckandheels)(=withviolence).

Theyfoughttoothandnail(=withallstrength).

Wemustgo,rainornorain.

Thehousehasbeenredesigned,topandbottom(=com-pletely).

Cf.Goodorbad,thisismycountry.

15)介词(常省略)+名词:

Hewalked(along)thestreet.

Heswims(after)dog-fashion.

(As)ThefirstthinginthemorningIwenttoseeher.

I’llbehere(at)seven-thirtyFriday.

(At)whattimedidyouleave?

(On)Whatdaydidyouarrive?

Isaidit(for)asecondtime,buthedidn‘thear.

Westayed(for)thenight.

Hefled(from)thiscountry.

Idon’tseeit(in)yourway.

Come(in)thisway.

(In)Whatdirectiondoyougohome?

Hewent(on)ajourneylastweek.

Weranged(over)thewoods.

Wetravelled(over)theContinent.

Weworkparttime(=forlessthantheregulartime).

Theyboundhimhandandfoot,smotehimhipandthigh.(参阅第13类)

Theydiditmornings(ornights,Sundays)(=everymorning,oreverynight,everySunday).

16)副词+副词:

closeby,nearby,faraway,faroff,sureenough,funnilyenough,lateron,earlyon,nomore,notanymore

c.副词短语的用法

1635几乎所有副词短语都用来修饰动词(谓语动词或非谓语动词):

He“went”tothecity.

John“came”alongwithhiswife.

Ada“stooduptothechininwater.

It“wasthrown”outinthestreet.

He“tumbled”,facedownward.

“Meeting”heroneday,hetoldherthenews.

Hetriedtoadviseher,“speaking”totheeffectthat…

Hedecides“totranslate”thearticlewordforword.

1636有少数这类短语,特别是1634节中9),10)两类短语,可以用来修饰整个句子:

Infact,“hehasdonehisbest”.

Forinstance,“goodisanadjective”.

Inshort,“moneymeanseverything”.

Sureenough,“hedivorcedher”.

1637第5)类从理论上可以看作是介词短语,其中at,on或in省略:

Hecame(in)everyyear.

Heleft(on)lastSunday.

Weshallmeet(at)nextChristmas.

Hedied(on)thedaywhenitrainedhard.

1638第6)类短语只和几个特殊动词一起用:

Thebook“costs”50dollars.

Thepork“weighs”fivepounds.

It“measures”threefeet.

1639在和其他动词一起用时,这种短语中的for可以用也可以省略:

He“waited”3hours(orforthreehours).

Sometreescan“live”athousandyears.

Theboots“last”2years.

We“travelled”athousandmiles.

Thecat“fell”ahundredfeet.

Theroad“extends”(for)miles.

Thepatientcannot“move”evenastep.

1640这种短语也可用来修饰后面的形容词(特别是比较级):

Thisfish,astheysay,measurestenmetres“long”(or“inlength”)

Theroadmeasuresmorethantwentymetres“wide”(or“inwidth”).

ThePacificOceanis,onanaverage,140000feet“deep”(or“indepth”).

Thearmyofourenemyismorethanamillion“strong”.

ThecivilizationofChinaisatleast4500years“old”.

Thebridgeistenmiles“distant”frommyhouse.

Thiscarisathousanddollars“cheaper”thanthat.

Heisahead“taller”thanhissister.

Thisisonlyatrifle“better”thanthat.

1641表示时间长度或距离的短语可用来修饰后面的时间或地点副词:

Hearrivedtenminutes(too)“late”.

Hediedaweek“ago”(or“since”).

Hehadleftafortnight“since”.

Hecamethreedays“afterwards”(or“after”,“later”).

I‘llmeethimthreedays“hence”.

Helivedfourmiles“away”(or“off”).

Itisthrownfa

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 人文社科 > 军事政治

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1