牛津上海版八年级第一学期8A首字母填空专题专项讲解及练习教案.docx

牛津上海版八年级第一学期8A首字母填空专题专项讲解及练习教案.docx

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牛津上海版八年级第一学期8A首字母填空专题专项讲解及练习教案

首字母专题

Ⅰ.专题知识梳理

首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。

它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。

考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和连词、代词、介词这几大词类。

一、能力考察

1.词汇量与具体运用能力（基础）

2.句子结构分析能力（确定词性和词形）

3.语义、语境分析能力（确定词义）

4.逻辑推断能力（确定词义）

5.前后文关键信息提取能力（更为准确确定词义）

二、解题思路

1.词性的判断（句法结构、词性的句法功能）

2.词义的判断（句意理解）

3.脑海中搜索符合相关条件的考纲词汇

4.复查（名词单复数、动词时态三单、形容词副词形式级别、固定搭配与文意等）

Ⅱ.专题精讲

【案例分析】

Fillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）

It’sacommonschooldayatSouthernCrossSchoolnearthefamousKrugerNationalParkinSouthAfrica.Teachersandpupilsdon’tsitinaclassroom.I81,theygothroughtheforestorsitunderthetrees.

Theschoolteachesstudentsallthesames82astherestofthecountry’sschools,buttheteachingmethodsarecompletelydifferent.SouthernCrossusesnatureasateachingtool.Theteachersandtheirpupilsgooutintonatureandworkwithanimalsandplants.Thesecanbeusedtostudya83frommathsandsocialsciencestolanguages.Theschoolisinanareawhereanimalslivewildandcanbehunted.Togettoclass,studentstravelaroadthroughtheforestthatwildanimalsuseaswell.

Theclassroomforsmallpreschoolersisalittledifferentfromtherestoftheschool.Forexample,thefirstlessonofthedayismaths,buttheteachingmethodisverys84.Inthisschoolyouwon’thearateachersaying“CounthowmanyapplesJanehasinherbasket.”Actually,thechildrenvisitanearbyrivertocountthenumberofmarksleftbyanimals.Thiswaytheycanseehowmanydifferentanimalscometod85duringthenight.

Thestudentsareencouragedtotakecareoftheinjuredandsmallanimals.Iftheyfindadeadanimalinthearea,theystudywheretheanimalfitsinthefootchainandhowandwhyitd86.

Theheadmastersays,“Wemustmakepeopleunderstandwhatwearedoingtothee87.Weneedtocareforourplanet.”

【解析】

Keys:

81-87Instead;subjects;anything;special;drink;died;earth/environment

名词

动词

形容词

副词

代词

2

2

1

1

1

精讲：

81.判定空格词性为副词，再根据前文没有坐在教室以及后文的穿过深林或是坐在树下，可知填instead

82.判定空格为名词，根据理解可知填学科，注意复数，subjects

83.判定空格为名词或代词，根据后文frommathsandsocialsciencestolanguages可知填anything

84.判定空格为形容词，根据but以及后文的表述,填special

85.判定空格为动词原形或者名词，动词原形的可能性更大，再结合前文的river,填drink

86.判定空格为动词，且为不及物动词、过去式，根据前文adeadanimal可知填died

87.判定空格为名词，结合前后文出现的nature、planet，可以填earth或是environment都可以

Ⅲ.学法提炼

1.通读全文，了解大意

2.判断空格填何种词性，是名词，是动词，是形容词，还是副词等。

3.根据上下文、句意填出适当的词；判断词的形式。

（名词的单复数，动词的形式、时态语态，形容词、副词的形式、级别等）

4.复读全文，全面检查：

根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌

课堂练习

（1）

Fillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

AschoolnewspaperTheTeensaskedoveronethousandteenagershowtheyspenttheirsparetime.Heretheyreportther1ofthesurvey.It’snotatallsurprisingtolearnthatmostteenssaidtheywantedmorefreetime.Mosthavelessthananhouradayforafter-schoolactivities.

P2activitywaspopularamongbothgirlsandboys,averagingbetweenthreetosixhoursaweek.Favouritesportsamonggirlsweretennis,basketballandswimming.Boyssaidtheylikedfootball,basketballandskating.

Speakingofentertainment,musicandTVwerepopular.Abouthalfofthosesurveyedsaidthatmusicwastheirfavouriteactivity.Thisi3bothlisteningtoandplayingmusic.TVwasalsoverypopular.ThreequarterssaidtheypreferredwatchingTVtoreadingabookormagazine.

Unexpectedly,asmanyasthreeoutoftenteenagersmentionedthatcollectingthingswassomethingtheylikedtodointheirsparetime.Theyhadv4collectionsfromcartoonbooksandbaseballcardstostickers,toysandcoins.

V5friendswasalsopopular.Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternet.A6popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketofriendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.Surprisingly,teenagerss7wentdancing,especiallygirls.Onlyoneoutoftensaidtheywenttothedanceregularly.

（2）

Fillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplecannotsleepverywell.Theyhavet___1__infallingasleep.Thefollowingareusefultips.

1.Makesurethebedroomisd___2__andquiet.

Alltoooften,peoplekeeptheTVsetonastheysleep.Orthereisalightonsomewherethatcancausedistraction（干扰）．Makesureallelectronicproductsincludingcomputers,TVsetsandradiosarcoffbeforetryingtosleep.

2.Avoid（避免）somekindsoffoods

Foodsincludecaffeine,alcohol,andMSG,canaffect（影响）differentpeopleindifferentways.Itisbesttoavoidthesefoodsandchemicals.Evenacupofcoffeefirstthinginthemorningcanp___3__sleepatnightforsomepeoplethatareoverlysensitivetocaffeine.

3.Don'teatclosetobedtime

Waitatleastthreetofourhoursaftereatingtogotobed,especiallywhenyoudon'thaveastrongstomachorareinpoorhealth.Thisa____4____thebodytorelaxsinceitisn'tdoinganywork.

4.Listentomusic\

Somelightmusic,playeds___5________,canhelpputoneinthecalmingstateofmindwhenjustlyingdowntosleep.ThesleepCDswouldpossiblybethebestc___6___.AndthegoodthingabouttheCDsisthattheycanbeusedoverandoveragainandasyougetusedtothem，theywillworkmoreefficientlyasthesoundswillmakeyoufeelsleepyfaster.

5.Takearelaxingbath

Thisisoneoftheoldestm___7____,butitworks.Addingbathsaltscanhelpaswellasaddinganessentialoiltothewater.Remembertojustrelaxinthebath,notexhaustyourselfandfallasleepinthetub.

（3）

Fillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

Doyouwanttoliveanother100yearsormore?

Someexpertssaythatscientificadvanceswillonedaye____1____humanstolasttensofyearsbeyondwhatisnowseenasthenaturallimitofthehumanlifespan.

"Ithinkweareknockingatthedoorofimmortality（永生）,"saidMichaelZey,aMontclairStateUniversitybusinessprofessorandauthoroftwobooksonthefuture."Ithinkby2075wewillseeitandthat'saconservativeestimate（保守的估计）."

AttheconferenceinSanFrancisco,DonaldLouria,aprofessoratNewJerseyMedicalSchoolinNewarksaidadvancesinusinggenesaswellasnanotechnology（纳米技术）makeitl____2____thathumanswillliveinthefuturebeyondwhathasbeenpossibleinthepast."ThereisagreatpushsothatpeoplecanlivefromI20to180years,"hesaid."Somehavesuggestedthatthereisnolimitandthatpeoplecouldliveto200or300or500years."

H____3____,manyscientistswhospecializeinageingaredoubtfulaboutitandsaythehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastpastabout120years.Evenwithh____4____lifestylesandlessdisease,theysayf____5____ofthebrainandorganswillfinallyleadallhumanstodeath.

Scientistsalsodifferonwhatkindoflifethesuperagedmightlive."Itremainstobeseenifyoupass120,youknow;couldyoubehealthyenoughtohavegoodqualityoflife?

"saidLeonardPoon,directoroftheUniversityofGeorgiaGerontologyCentre."Atp____6____peoplewhocouldgettothatpointarenotingoodhealthatall."

Asweallknow,healthismoreimportantthanwealth.Everyonewantstokeephealthy.Itisn____7____forustohaveahealthylifestyle.Soweshoulddomoreexercise.Weshouldsleepfor8hourseverynight.Agoodsleepcankeepusactiveduringthedaytime.Weshouldeatalotoffruitsandvegetables.Eatingthemisgoodforourhealth.Soyousee,Ifwetakegoodcareofourhealth,ourhealthylifestylehelpsusgetgoodgrades.Ihopethatallpeoplecanhaveahealthylifestyleandliveatleast120years.

（4）

Fillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

Doyougetangrywhenyourfriendssingloudlywhileyouaretryingtowork,orwhenyourbestfrienddoesnotwaitforyouafterschool?

Ifyoudo,youneedtotakecontrol（控制）ofyourfeelingsandstopgettingangry.Gettingangrywithpeoplecancauseyoutol__1____friends.

CaryEgeberg,anAmericanhighschoolteacher,haswritten MyFeelingsAreJustLikeWildAnimals tohelpcontrolfeelings.Ittellsteenagershowtostaycoolwhenb__2__thingshappentothem.

Thebooksaysthatgettingangryonlymakesproblemsw__3___.Itcannevermakethembetter.“Gettingangryisnotanaturalwaytoact,”thebooksays.Itisjustabadhabit（习惯）likesmoking.

Thebooksaysyoucancontrolyouangere___4___--allyouhavetodoistotellyourselfnottobeangry.

Thebookgivesmanytipstohelpyouifyougetangryeasily.Herearethetopthree:

1. Keepar__5___.Everytimeyougetangry,writedownwhyyouareangry.Lookatitlaterandyouwillseeyougetangrytooeasily.

2. Askyourfriendstos_6_____talkingtoyouwhenyougetangry.Thiswillmakeyounotangry.

3. Dosomethingd___7_____.Whenyougetangry,walkawayfromtheproblemandgosomewhereelse.Trytolaugh!

课后作业

1.Therearemanywildanimalslivingin______________（African）

2.Peopledidn’tusepapermoneyuntilthe15thcenturyin________________countries.（Europe）

3.Thedoglooks________________andisbarking________________________.（fierce）

4.Nowadaysmanypeople___________________theirownblogsontheInternet.（creation）

5.WaltDisneywasthe______________________oftheDisneyamusementPark.（creation）

6.Who________________thesteamenginewasagreat______________________.（invent）

7.Fromthefootprintswecanknowthe_____________________ofthedinosaurs.（exist）

8.Thiswashingmachineis_________________（harm）toallsortsoffabric.（织物）

9.Beforewestudythebacterium,（细菌