初三英语资料总复习之宾语从句和定语从句.docx
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初三英语资料总复习之宾语从句和定语从句
初三英语总复习资料
宾语从句
定义:
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:
动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
一、宾语从句的连接词
从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear
他告诉我他下一年上大学.
Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.
没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词
连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?
你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?
Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.
我不知道你该依靠谁.
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的手机了吗?
连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewpanel?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
二、动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:
hate,take,owe,have,seeto.
Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.
开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
三、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:
sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
IamsureIwillpasstheexam.
我确信我会通过考试.
IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
四、只用whether的情况
1.whethertodosth
2.whether…ornot
3.whether引导的句子作主语
4.whether跟在doubt/discuss/wonder等后
5.whether做介词的宾语
五、宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
1.主从句之间有插入语时,如:
Itsayshere,onthiscard,thatitwasusedinplays.
卡片上写着,它过去是演戏用的。
2.从句的主语是that时。
如:
Hethinksthatthatisawashingmachine.
他认为那是一台洗衣机。
3.若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句时,且由并列连词连接时,只有第一个引导词that可以省略,其余需保留。
Myauntsays(that)shewillcomeandthatshewillalsobringherdaughter.
我的姑姑说她要来,还带她的女儿。
六、宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能说成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
七、宾语从句的时态和语序
时态:
1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.
HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
3.从句的时态不由主句决定。
当表达
a.宇宙、自然界的规律活动或事实真理时
Ourteachersaidlightstravelsfasterthansound.
我们老师说光传播的比声音快。
b.类似于1+1=2这样的固定法则时
Ilearnedthatthreeminusoneistwo.
我知道了3-1=2.
c.没有时间概念的词义或句意,
Heaskedmewhatthiswordmeans.
他问我这个单词是什么意思。
d.当宾语从句表示一种反复出现或现在习惯性动作时。
如:
Shetoldmethatshegetsupatsixo’clockeverymorning.她告诉我她每天早上六点起床。
Heaskedmewhenthetrainusuallystarts.他问我火车通常什么时候发出。
语序:
1.宾语从句用陈述句语序,但当有what’sthematter?
/what’swrong?
/what’stheproblem?
whichisthewayto…等时则不用变语序。
2.当宾语从句由wh-疑问词引导,若有doyouthink等插入语时,则要用陈述句语序。
Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
练习:
()1.It'ssodark.Ican'tfindout_______it'saboy_______agirl.
A.if,and B.that,and C.either,or D.whether,or
()2.Couldyoutellmeifhe_______toShanghai?
A.hasgone B.hadgone C.went D.go
()3.Hetoldme_______shewouldcatchtheearlybus.
A.which B.whether
C.why D.that
()4.Mrs.Greenaskedme_______Iwouldgowithher.
A.what B.which
C.why D.that
()5.Idon'tknow_______thecoat_______cheapenough.
A.if,is B.where,were
C.that,was D.if,were
()6.Canyoutellmewhy_______yesterday?
A.youdidn'tcome B.didyounotcome
C.didn'tyoucome D.youdon'tcome
()7.Hesaidthatthey_______Yunnan.
A.havebeento B.hadgoneto
C.havegoneto D.hasgoneto
()8.Jackisn'tsure_______studentsthereareinhisclass.
A.howmany B.what
C.which D.whether
()9.Canyoutellme_______yesterday?
A.whattheydo B.whattheydid
C.whatdotheydo D.whatdidtheydo
()10.Iwanttoknow_______hishomeworkyesterdayevening.
A.ifhefinished B.whetherhehadfinished
C.hadshefinished D.hasshefinished
()11.Doyouknowwhat_______thistimeyesterday?
A.theyaredoing B.aretheydoing
C.theyweredoing D.weretheydoing
()12.Excuseme,canyoutellme_______?
A.whywasthetrainlate B.whythetrainwaslate
C.whyisthetrainlate D.whythetrainislate
()13.Doyouknowwhere_______?
Someoneislookingforhim.
A.heis B.hewas
C.ishe D.washe
()14.Hewantedtoknowhowlong_______inhospital.
A.sheisstaying B.shehadstayedC.didshestay D.shestay
()15.Mybrothersaidhe_______going_______hisfriendthenextday.
A.was,tomeet B.would,has
C.will,wasgoingto D.will,will
()16.Hetoldmethathe_______toLondonthenextday.
A.wouldgo B.go
C.went D.hasgone
()17.Hesaidthatlight_______muchfasterthansound.
A.traveled B.willtravel
C.travels D.istraveling
()18.Ourteachersaidthatthemoon_______aroundtheearth.
A.turn B.turned C.hasturned D.turns
()19.HesaidthatApril_______the_______monthofayear.
A.is,third B.is,fourth
C.was,fourth D.was,third
()20.Doyouknow_______?
A.isitwhosepen B.whosepenisit
C.whosepenitis D.itiswhosepen
()21.Canyoutellme_______?
A.whoareyou B.whoyouareC.youarewho D.whoyoube
()22.Doyouknow_______ofthethree?
A.whichbookshelikesbest B.whichbestbookdoesshelike
C.thatwhichbookshelikesbest D.whichbookshebestlikes
()23.Ihear_______theteacherwillcomebackfromtheUKsoon.
A.which B.that
C.when D.whether
()24.Canyoutellme_______languageshespeaks?
A.which B.what
C.that D.whether
()25.Canyoutellus_______yougrowcottoninyourcountry?
A.that B.whether
C.which D.whose
()26.Idon'tunderstand_______yousaid.
A.when B.that C.where D.what
()27.Doyouknow_______madehimangrylasttime?
A.when B.that C.where D.what
()28.Canyoutellme_______themeetingwillbegin?
A.what B.whether
C.when D.where
()29._______surprisedmemostwas_______hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.
A.What,how B.What,that C.That,that D.Whom,that
()30.Iwondered_______theyhadbeentoAmerica.
A.if B.what
C.who D.that
()31.Youwillfeelhungry_______youdon'thavebreakfast.
A.what B.why C.if