Building electrical.docx

Building electrical.docx

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Buildingelectrical

Buildingelectrical

1conceptsofbuildingelectrical

Generalconcepts:

thebuildingasaplatform,toelectricaltechnologyastheplatform,inthelimitedspace,asanapplieddisciplinetocreatehumanizedlivingenvironment.

Thenarrowsenseconcept:

inarchitecture,theuseofadvancedmodernscientifictheoryandelectricaltechnology（includingelectricpowertechnology,informationtechnologyandintelligenttechnologytocreateelectricalsystem）,ahumanizedlivingenvironment,referredtoastherangeofbuildingelectrical.

Buildingelectricalrole:

toservethebuildingpeople'swork,life,learning,entertainment,securityetc..

Buildingelectricalcontent:

（1）theconstructionofelectricalsystem:

powersupplyanddistributionsystem,lightingsystem,thegroundingsystem.

（2）buildingofweaksystems:

automaticalarmsystem,securitysystem,automationsystem,cableTVsystem,integratedwiring,cableradioandsoundreinforcementsystem,conferencesystemfire.

2Existingbuildingelectricaldesignproblems

1,designofabreachordeviationfromtheprovisionsofdesignspecifications,safety,credibilityisnotperformedthedesignspecificationisacommonphenomenonin.AtpresenttheconstructiondrawingdesignisnotuptotheMinistryofconstruction"buildingregulationstocompiletheprojectdesigndocument"requirementsarequitecommon,themaindocumentisdesignedtoimplementaspectsofthedefects,constructionandinstallationdifficultiesorerrorsdirectlycause,mayalsoleadtolackofavailability.

2,thedesigndepthisnotenough.Becauseofunnecessarycalculationinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthedepthanddimension,oftenresultingindesigndocumentitselfthemistakesofprincipleanddifficulttodiscoverintime,itwillaffecttheuseofprojectfunction.

3,relateddesigndocumentsinthedisciplinesofconvergenceisnotclear,notaccordingtotheprescribedcoordinationexistswiththeproblem,caneasilyleadtoerroneousconstruction.Thedesigndocumentisthemostimportantaccordingtotheprojectconstructionandsupervision,designcanseriouslyimplementthenationalregulations,depthofdesigndocumentsandrelevantprofessionalclosecoordinationproblemsdirectlyaffectthequalityoftheproject.

3Inbuildingelectricaldesignprinciples

1,tomeettheusefunctionofthebuilding.Tomeetthelightingillumination,colortemperature,colorrenderingindex;

Meetthetemperatureandairquantityofcomfortairconditioning,whichiscomfortableandsanitary;meetthetransportchannel,aboutSMOOTHOPERATOR;meetthespecialprocessrequirements,electricalelectricalfacilitiessuchasentertainment,exhibitionhalllightingtechnologyandelectricpoweretc..

2,consideringtheactualeconomicbenefits.Energyconservationshouldbeconsideredtheactualsituationofeconomicbenefits,notbecauseofenergysavingandhighconsumptioninvestment,increasedoperatingcosts,butshouldmakesomeinvestmentincreased,recoveryoperationcostcanuseenergy-savingdowninafewyearsorshortertimereduction.

3,saveunnecessaryconsumptionofenergy.Thefocusofenergyconservation,shouldsaveunnecessaryconsumptionofenergy.

Firstfindoutwheretheenergyconsumptionisindependentofthebuildingfunction,andconsideringwhatmeasuresofenergysaving.Suchasthelossofpowertransformers,powertransmissionlinesareactivepowerlossofenergylossanduseless,suchaslargeamountofwidelightingcapacity,shouldusetheadvancedtechnologytoreduceenergyconsumption.

4Buildingelectricaldesignneedtopayattentiontosomeproblems

1,thelow-voltagedistributionsystemwire{cable）carryingcapacityandcircuitbreakersettingcurrentmismatchproblem.

Wire（cable）loadflowwithlowvoltagebreakersettingcurrentcombinationselection,supplylinesareprotectedbycircuitbreakers,eachprojectwillencounterproblems,isthefundamentaldesignpersonnelmustmaster,looksverysimple,buttheproblemofconstructiondrawingsinmanypractical,thiskindofproblemismainlymanifestedinthetheconductorallowablebreakersustainedloadflowlessthantheprotectionoftheconductorofthecurrentsetting.Thecorrectapproachshouldbethefirsttocalculatethecurrentloadshort-circuitprotectiondevicesettingcurrent,thenaccordingtotheselectionoftheconductor,theconductoristheeffectiveprotectionofcircuitbreakers.Inaword,shouldbedesignedinstrictaccordancewiththe"standard"designoflowvoltagedistribution,consideringvariousfactorscomprehensively,toensuresafeandreliablepowersupply.

2,reducetheoutletcircuitoflow-voltagecabinet.Whenwedotheelectricaldesignofaproject,thetypeandlocationofload,thesamepropertiesinthesameregionoftheload,byacircuitpowersupplyvoltagebusbarfeeder,thesameregioncanbeherewithinthesamelayer,canalsobedifferentfloorsbutaxispositionofthesameregional,itreducestheoutputcircuitoflow-voltagecabinet,reducingthenumberoflow-voltagecabinet,reducesthecostoftheequipment,thedrawbackisthatwhenthelineendfailureorfeedlooprepairwillcausewidespreadpoweroutages,howeverthepossibilitythathappeninrealityisverylow,sothelargelooplineisfeasibleinnonimportantload,butalsoeffectivewaystoreducethecostofelectricalequipment.

3,thereasonabledesignofcableline.Inaproject,thelineontheleftandrightsidesarrangedinacrisscrosspattern,smallengineeringlinelengthnotmillionmeters,bigprojectistoomanytocount,sothetotalactivepowerlossonthelineisconsiderable,reduceenergyconsumption,onthelinemustbedesignedto.Intheconstruction,lowvoltagepowerdistributionroomshouldbeclosetotheshaft,andisprovidedtoeachshaftlinebylowvoltagepowerdistributionroom,doesnothaveabranchinlinealongthebackflowphenomenon,i.e.,lowvoltagepowerdistributionroomandtheshaftpositionlayoutshouldbemadeonlinetothefront,asfaraspossibletoreducethetransmissionpowerofthebranchback.Inaddition,alsocanusesomeseasonalloadline,theuserneednotwhen,canbeprovidedtotheuserasasupplylineisoftenused,inordertoreducethecircuitandresistance.

4,Designofelectricalsystemofdisaster.

（1）thesafeuseofelectricity.Thesafetyofpeople'slifeiswhatwemustfirsttakeintoconsiderationintheoperationofthepowersystemproblems.Powerisadouble-edgedsword,safeusecanbringconvenienceandbenefit,weshouldkeepinmind:

safetyfirst.

（2）lightning.Lightningisaprobabilityevent,setthelightningarrester,lightningprotectiondeviceincreasestheprobabilityoflightning,butcaneffectivelycontrolthelightningdisaster.Lightningisatraditionallightningarrester,lightningbelt,inrecentyearsspentwithlightningeliminatorandradiationtypearrester.（3）thefire.Asbuildingsbecomemoreandmorecomplex,functionaldiversification,fireproofproblembecomesmoreandmoreimportant.Becauseelectricalcausedthefireisontherise.Thebuildingfiredesignincludingallprofessionalequipment,waterspray,firepump,HVACtosmoke,electricfiredetector,communicationandlinkagecontrolsystemisessential.

5,reducethepowerlossoflineappliances.Forthepowersupplyline,shouldtaketheleadwithlowerresistivity;designline,straightline,inlowvoltagepowerdistributionasfaraspossiblenottogobacktotheway;tobeneartheloadcentersubstation,inordertoreducethepowersupplyradius;increasetheconductorcross-sectionalarea,althoughtheincreaseinlinecosts,butduetosaveenergyandreducetheoperationcost;invariantinthedeliveryofpower,thepowerlossandthestrengthofthecurrentisproportionaltothesquare,andinverselyproportionaltothesquareofthevoltageintheoperation,theratedvoltageisallowedtofluctuaterange,increasingoperationvoltageetc..Forelectricalequipment,asfaraspossibletheuseofpowerfactorofelectricequipmenthigh,suchassynchronousmotors;theinductiveelectricequipmentcanbeusedwithcompensationcapacitorelectricequipment;electrostaticcapacitorreactivepowercompensationcanbeusedwithoutspecificdispersioncompensationandlowvoltageswitchcabinetsconcentratedcompensationetc..

6,dowellintechnicalmanagementofelectricaldesign.Dotheprojectevaluationwork,formulatereasonabledesignschemeofpowersupplysystem,optimizationdesign,throughcarefully,thuscombiningtechnologyandeconomy,makethedesigntoachievesecurity,reliable,economic,practical,andaftercomprehensiveassessment,theelectricaldesignshallgetthecomprehensiveoptimalcase,andeffectivelysolvetheproblemofelectricaldesign.Andthemanagementsystemandtherelevantprovisionsoftheprofessionaldesignandtheeconomic,thedesignphaseoftheinvestmentcontrolintheprojectcostmanagementsystem.Atthesametime,weshouldpayattentiontoimprovingthedesignpersonnel'sprofessionalquality,combiningthetechnologyandeconomyoforganic,changeaconservativeapproachtotheprevailinglightweighttechnologyeconomy.Electricaldesignpersonnelshouldstrengthenlearning,updateknowledge,understandtheinternationalelectricaltechnologydevelopmenttrendsandachievementsinscienceandtechnology,timelygrasptheperformance,thepriceofnewproducts,soastoavoidtheeconomiceffectofelectricaldesignequipmentoptionerror.

Inshort,astheelectricaldesignoftheprofessionalstaff,shouldattachgreatimportancetobuildingelectricaldesign,carefulconsiderationinthedesignprocess,makesacomprehensiveanalysisfromthesafety,reliability,economyandenergysavingaspects,toexplore,continuetostudyandsumm