高考英语大二轮总复习 第4部分 阅读理解 专题4 顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测.docx

高考英语大二轮总复习 第4部分 阅读理解 专题4 顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测.docx

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高考英语大二轮总复习第4部分阅读理解专题4顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测

Ⅰ.体验高考

（2014·课标Ⅰ）Passengerpigeons（旅鸽）onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks（群）solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.

Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons－anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates，makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller，aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles（about515kilometers）longwasseennearCincinnati.

Sadly，theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant，peoplebelievedtherewasaneverlastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain，waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed，thenthrewlargenetsoverthem，takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.

Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury，thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood，whichscattered（驱散）theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth，wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone，nevertobeseenagain.

In1897，thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons，butbythen，nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty，Ohio，in1900.Foratime，afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem，knownaffectionatelyasMartha，diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.

【语篇导读】　本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。

1．Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies，passengerpigeons________.

A．werethebiggestbirdintheworld

B．livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica

C．didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironment

D．werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS

解析　事实细节题。

根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。

答案　D

2．Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons'________.

A．escapeB．ruin

C．liberationD．evolution

解析　词义猜测题。

根据文章第三段中“Wherethebirdswereabundant...bythethousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。

答案　B

3．Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?

A．Toseekpleasure.B．Tosaveotherbirds.

C．Tomakemoney.D．Toprotectcrops.

解析　事实细节题。

根据文章第二段中“Commercialhuntersattractedthem...soldinrestaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。

故选C。

答案　C

4．WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?

A．Itwasignoredbythepublic.

B．Itwasdeclaredtoolate.

C．Itwasunfair.

D．Itwasstrict.

解析　推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段中“In1897，thestateof...for10years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。

答案　B

Ⅱ.仿真、模拟

Passage1

体裁：

议论文　话题：

历史故事　时间：

6分钟

Themoviesjustwouldn'tbethesamewithoutthewarmbutterytasteofpopcorn.Amazingly，thisdelicioustreatstarteditslifeasacornkernel（玉米粒）—andnotfromjustanycorn.PopcornisatypeofsweetcornthatwasoriginallygrowninMexicoandspreadtoChina，Indiaandelsewhere.Itistheonlykindofcornthatwillpop.Today，mostoftheworld'spopcornisgrownintheUnitedStates.

Everypopcornkernelcontainsatinydropofwater，surroundedbysoftstarch（淀粉）．Whenthepopcornisheated，thewaterturnsintosteam.Thisputspressureonthesurroundinghardkernel，forcingittoexplode.Thesoftstarchincreasesabout40timesinsizeasthecornkernelturnsitselfinsideout.

Inthe1500spopcornwasanimportantfoodsourcefortheAztecIndiansofcentralandsouthernMexico.Butitwasn'tonlyfood.Itwasalsousedinceremoniesorinheaddressesandnecklaces.BythetimetheEuropeansarrivedinAmerica，popcornhadspreadthroughmostoftheAmericanIndians.

SomeearlyAmericansettlersatepopcornwithcreamandsugarforbreakfast.Butitwasn'tuntilthelate1800sthatpopcornbecamepopular.Thedemandforpopcornincreasedandfarmersbeganfarmingpopcorn.Thefirstmobilepoppingmachinewasinventedin1885，andpopcornwassoldbystreetsellersmuchlikehotdogsaresoldtoday.

DuringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s，thepopcornbusinessstillthrivedaspeoplecouldstillaffordit.Theninthe1950stelevisionarrivedandpopcornconsumptiondecreased.Peoplestayedhomeandstoppedgoingtothetheatre.Butthelinkbetweenmoviesandpopcornhadalreadyexisted.Soonpeoplebeganmakingpopcornathomeonthestove.Later，microwavepopcornwasintroduced.

Todaythemovieshaveregainedpopularityandpopcornhasonceagainbecomethefavorite.

【语篇导读】　没有温热香甜的爆米花，电影似乎也会失去味道吧。

那么，关于爆米花你又了解多少呢？

1．Popcornwasfirstplantedin______.

A．ChinaB．America

C．IndiaD．Mexico

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句可知答案。

答案　D

2．Whydoesthecornkernelpopwhenheated?

A．Becauseitiscoveredwithsoftstarch.

B．Becausethepressureinsideistoobig.

C．Becausethestarchbecomesbiggerinsize.

D．Becausethereiswaterinsidethekernel.

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段第二、三两句可知，玉米粒内的水并不能直接导致它炸开，而是水蒸气产生的压力作用于四周坚硬的内核上，造成它爆炸。

故答案选B。

答案　B

3．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.

A．popcornbegantobefarmedinthelate1800s

B．popcornwasonlyakindoffoodinthe1500s

C．hotdogsusedtobesoldbystreetsellers

D．peoplestoppedgoingtothemovieswithoutpopcorn

解析　细节理解题。

根据第四段第二、三两句可知，是在19世纪末期，随着人们对爆米花需求的增长，农民们才开始种植这种玉米。

答案　A

4．Theunderlinedword“thrived”inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans“______”．

A．startedtobepopular

B．wasseriouslyaffected

C．sufferedalot

D．developedverywell

解析　词义猜测题。

根据上文的still以及下文的aspeoplecouldstillaffordit可推断出，这里指即使是在经济大萧条时期，因为爆米花仍然是人们买得起的食品，所以爆米花产业仍然发展得很好。

答案　D

Passage2

体裁：

记叙文　话题：

逸闻趣事　时间：

7分钟

Therewasonceatinycountrythatwassufferingfromalongdrought.Ithadgonesolongwithoutrainthatthepeopletherewerestartingtogohungrybecauseofthebadharvests.

Itjustsohappenedthatagroupofmusiciansweretravelingthecountry，tryingtomakealivingfromtheirconcerts.Butwithsomanyproblemsintheland，noonefeltlikelisteningtomusic.“Butmusiccanhelpovercomeanyproblems，”saidthemusicians，withoutanyonepayingthemtheslightestattention.

Sothemusicianstriedtofindoutthereasonitwouldn'train.Itwasverystrange，becausetheskywasovercast，butnoonecouldprovideananswer.

“It'sbeencloudylikethisformanymonths，butnotasingledropofrainhasfallen，”peopletoldthem.

“Don'tworry，we'llbringraintothecountry，”themusiciansresponded，andtheybeganrehearsingforaconcertatthesummitofthehighestmountain.

Everyonewhoheardthemusicwasseizedbycuriosityandwentupthemountain.Andtheconductorofthisstrangeorchestragavetheorder，andthemusiciansbegantoplay.

Fromtheirinstrumentscamesmall，playfulmusicalnotesthatroseandroseintotheclouds.Themusicwassojoyous，happyandfun，andthenotesstartedplayingwiththeclouds'soft，fluffybellies，runninghereandthere，upanddown，andthewholeskyturnedintoonebiggameoftickletorture.Beforelong，thegiantcloudswerethunderingwithlaughter.

Themusicianscontinuedplayingjoyfullyandafewminuteslatertheclouds，cryingwithlaughter，soakedthelittlecountrybelowwiththeirprecioustears，bringinghappinesstoall.

Andinmemoryofthatmusicalrain，everyoneinthecountrylearnedhowtoplayaninstrumentand，takingturns，wouldgoupthemountaineverydaytobringjoytothecloudswiththeirbeautifulsongs.

【语篇导读】　一个干旱已久的小国，却因为音乐家们的到来，改变了他们的命运——音乐家通过在山顶上演奏音乐，从而为当地降下了甘霖。

为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开始学习音乐，并轮流到山上为云彩演奏音乐。

1．Whydidthecountryhavethebadharvests?

A．Becauseit'stoohot.B．Becauseit'stoocold.

C．Becauseit'stoowet.D．Becauseit'stoodroughty.

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段可知那个国家歉收的原因是因为长期干旱少雨，故选D项。

答案　D

2．What'stheattitudeofthepeopletowardthemusicians?

A．Active.B．Energetic.

C．Cold.D．Enthusiastic.

解析　推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Butwithsomanyproblemsintheland，noonefeltlikelisteningtomusic.”和“withoutanyonepayingthemtheslightestattention.”可以推出人们对音乐家们的态度是冷淡的。

故选C。

答案　C

3．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph?

A．CloudyB．Rainy

C．SunnyD．Windy

解析　词义猜测题。

根据第四段中的“It'sbeencloudylikethis...”可以推出overcast的意思与cloudy意思一样。

故选A项。

答案　A

4．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．GreatmusiciansB．Musicfortheclouds

C．LaughingcloudsD．Musicrehearsing

解析　标题概括题。

本文主要讲述了音乐家通过在山顶上为云彩演奏音乐，从而使云彩流动起来，最终降下了期盼已久的雨，为当地人们带来了快乐。

由此可以推出文章的标题应选B项。

答案　B

5．Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthatthepeopleinthesmallcountry______.

A．hatemusicB．lovemusic

C．teachmusicD．practicemusic

解析　推理判断题。

最后一段中讲到为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开始学习乐器，并轮流到山上为云彩演奏音乐。

由此可以推出人们喜欢音乐。

答案　B

Passage3

体裁：

记叙文　话题：

人物介绍　时间：

7分钟

Thesonofapianoproducer，ElwynBrooksWhitewasborninMountVernoninawealthyfamily.Andhewasraisedwiththemixofsophistication（高水平）andcommonsensethatwouldmarkhiswriting.

Aftergraduation，ElwynBrooksWhitespentayearasanewspaperreporterinNewYorkCity，andthendecidedtodriveacrossthecountrywithafriend.ThetripgaveElwynBrooksWhitealifetimeofanecdotes.“Whentheyranoutofmoney，”ElwynBrooksWhite'sfriend，JamesThurber，noted,“theyplayedfortheirsupperandtheirgasolineonaninterestingmusicalinstrumentthatElwynBrooksWhitehadmadeoutofsomepiecesofwireandanoldshoe.”

WhenElwynBrooksWhitereturnedtoNewYorkCityinthemid1920s，hespentafewyearsbouncingbetweenadvertisingjobsandunemploymentbeforetryinghishandagainatwriting.Notveryseriously，hesentsomeessaystoanewmagazinecalledTheNewYorker.Sinceitsfoundingin1925，themagazinehadstruggledtofindits_niche，andElwynBrooksWhite'sworkhelpedputTheNewYorkeronthemap