中国文化英语复习说课材料.docx

中国文化英语复习说课材料.docx

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中国文化英语复习说课材料

（中国文化）英语复习

ØOverview

1.TheredcolouroftheNationalFlagofthePRCsymbolizesrevolutionandtheyellowcolourofthestarsthegoldenbrilliantraysradiatingfromthevastredland.ThedesignoffoursmallerstarssurroundingabiggeronesignifiestheunityoftheChinesepeopleundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina（CPC）.

2.Chinaisacountryofvariedtopographicalfeatureswithhighlandsinthewestandplainsintheeast.Mountainouslandandveryroughterrainsmakeupabout67%ofChineseterritory,basinsandplainsabout33%.

3.ThefirstprimitivemanknowntohaveexistedinChinaisYuanmouMan,wholivedabout1.7millionyearsago.PekingMan,whoexistedmorethan600,000yearsagoatZhoukoudian,inthevicinityofmodernBeijing,couldwalkupright,makeandusesimpletools,andmakeuseoffire.

4.Equality,unity,andcommonprosperityarethebasicprinciplesoftheChinesegovernmentinhandlingtherelationsbetweenethnicgroups.

5.PRC————People’srepublicofChina————中华人民共和国

CPPCC———ChinesePeople’sPoliticalconsultativeConference———中国人民政治协商会议

CPC——CommunistPartyofChina——中国共产党

NPC——NationalPeople’sCongress——全国人民代表大会

《义勇军进行曲》：

MarchoftheVolunteers

京杭大运河：

theGrandCanalbetweenBeijingandHangzhou

炎黄子孙：

descendantsofYanandHuang

特别行政区：

specialadministrativeregion

一国两制：

onecountry，twosystems

6.LocatedintheeastoftheAsiancontinent,onthewesternshoreofthePacificOcean,thePRChasalandareaofabout9.6millionsquarekilometers,andisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld,nextonlytoRussiaandCanada.Chinaisacountryofvariedtopographicalfeatureswithhighlandsinthewestandplainsintheeast.Mountainouslandandveryroughterrainsmakeupabout67%ofChineseterritory,basinsandplainsabout33%.MostofChinaliesinthenorthtemperatezone,characterizedbyawarmclimateanddistinctiveseasons,aclimatewellsuitedforhabitation.

ØChapter1

1.Thephilosophyinthepre-Qintimeswasmarkedbytheemergenceofvariousancientphilosophyviews.ThemostinfluentialschoolswereConfucianism,Taoism,MohismandLegalism.

2.AncientChinesephilosopherssharesomecommonfeaturessuchastheirstressonspiritualexistence,practice,morality,harmonyandintuition.

3.Chineseethicsandmoralityfocusesmoreonharmony,collectivismandspirituallife.

4.China,asamulti-religioncountry,hasindigenousTaoistreligionandreligionsofforeignoriginsuchasBuddhism,Islam,Catholicism,andChristianity.

5.TheWhiteHorseTemplelocatedintheeastofLuoyang,HenanProvince,wasthefirstofficiallybuiltBuddhisttempleinChinaintheEasternHandynasty.

6.罢黜百家，独尊儒术：

banningallschoolsofthoughtexceptConfucianism

佛经：

Buddhistscriptures

三从四德：

threeobediencesandfourvirtues

八仙过海，各显神通：

WhentheEightImmortalscrossthesea，eachdemonstratestheirdevinepower.

《古兰经》：

theKoran

7.Chinaisamulti-religioncountry.ThereligionsthatarebelievedbyChinesepeoplearemainlyTaoism,Buddhism,Islam,CatholicismandChristianity,amongwhichTaoismisindigenoustoChinawhiletheothersareofforeignorigin.Chinesecitizensmayfreelychoosetheirreligiousbeliefsandmakecleartheirreligiousaffiliations.

ØChapter2

1.OnFaultsofQin——JiaYi——Handynasty

SongofEternalSorrow——BaiJuyi——Tangdynasty

TheScholarship——WuJingzi——Ming&Qingdynasties

TheGoddess——GuoMoruo——modernperiod

WivesandConcubines——SuTong——contemporaryperiod

2.诸子散文——philosophicalprose

文学评论——literarycriticism

婉约派——softandtunefulschool

四大名著——theFourGreatClassicalNovels

诺贝尔文学奖——theNobelPrizeforLiterature

3.ThebookofSongs,thefirstanthologyofpoetryinChina,includes305poemsfromtheearlyWesternZhoudynastytothemiddleoftheSpringandAutumnperiod,Inthelightoftheirrhythms,theworkscanbedividedintothreesections:

feng,yaandsong.ThepoemsinTheBookofSongsaremainlywritteninfourcharacterlines.Intermsofitswritingtechnique,itcanbeclassifiedintofu,bi,andxing.AsthestartingpointofChineseliterature,TheBookofSongshasgreatinfluenceontheliteraryworksoflatergenerations.

ØChapter3

1.Calligraphyretainsthebeautyofnatureandilluminatesthespiritualbeautyofhumanbeings.Chinesecalligraphystressestheoveralllayoutandharmonybetweenwordsandlines.

2.TraditionalChinesepaintingreferstoink-washpainting.ItcanbetracedtotheTangdynastyandflourishedfromtheYuandynastyonwards.Itholdsanimportantplaceinthehistoryoftraditionallandscapepainting.

3.Chineseoperainconsideredoneofthethreeancientformsofdramaintheworld,withtheothertwobeingGreektragedyandcomedyandIndianSanskritopera.Ofthesethree,onlyChineseoperastillremainsalive.

4.Erhu,sometimesknownintheWestasthe“Chineseviolin”,isatwostringbowedmusicalinstrumentandisusedasasoloinstrumentaswellasforsmallensemblesandlargeorchestras.ThemostpopularerhupieceisTwoSpringsReflecttheMoon.

5.楷书：

regularscript相声：

crosstalk

文房四宝：

FourTreasuresoftheStudy

皮影戏：

shadowplays

弦乐器：

pluckedinstruments

6.BeijingOpera,whichhasahistoryofmorethan200years,enjoysthegreatestreputationamongChina’straditionaloperas.InBeijingOpera,performersweardifferenttypesofmake-upaccordingtothecharacterstheyperform.Singing,recitation,acting,andacrobaticfightingarethefourmajorartisticmeansandthefourbasicskillsofBeijingOpera.EachactionofaBeijingOperaperformerishighlysymbolic.Gestures,footwork,andotherbodymovementscanexpresstheactionssuchasopeningadoor,goingupstairs,rowingaboat,ridingahorse,etc.

ØChapter4

1.Before1905,thereweretwokindsofschoolsinChina:

privateschools,runbyscholarsteachingstudentsathome,andofficialinstitutions,whichwereopentochildrenofnobles.

2.InChinesebasiceducation,thecurriculumisdesignedtomakestudentswell-roundinmoral,intellectual,physicalandaestheticaldevelopments,baseduponcognitivelearningandthedevelopmentalneedsofchildrenatdifferentages.

3.Secondaryvocationalschoolisanalternativetoseniormiddleschool.Itsobjectiveistopreparestudentsforthelinesofproduction,services,technicalservices,management,etc.

4.ThehistoryofhighereducationinChinacanbetracedbacktotheHandynastyover2000yearsago.Itestablishedtaixueasthehighesteducationalinstitutetocultivateseniorscholarstohelpadministernationalaffairs.SincetheSuidynasty,theinstituteforhighereducationwascalledguozijian,whichwasalsothehighestadministrativebureaufornationalaffairs.

5.四书五经：

FourBooksandFiveClassics

科举制度：

imperialcivilexaminationsystem

九年义务教育：

Nine-YearcompulsoryEducation

职业教育：

vocationaleducation

孔子学院：

ConfuciusInstitute

6.TheimperialcivilexaminationsystemwasanexaminationsystemthroughwhichtalentedpeoplewererecognizedandselectedasgovernmentofficialsinChina’sfeudalsociety.ThepracticebeganintheSuidynastyandlastedabout1300yearsuntiltheendoftheQingdynasty.Ithadprofoundimpactonthepost-Sui-TangChina’ssocialstructure,politicalsystem,educationalsystem,andhumanisticideologies.

ØChapter5

1.ThefourgreatinventionsinancientChinahavebecomeimportantsymbolsofChina’simportantroleinhumancivilization.Theyarethecompass,gunpowder,paper-makingandprinting.

2.TCMisverydifferentfromWesternmedicineinitsmeansofdiagnosisandtreatment,anditscompositionofdrugsandprescriptions.

3.Theseismograph,inventedbyZhangHeng,canindicatethedirectionofadistantearthquake.Itwasover1700yearslaterthatasimilarinstrumentwasinventedinEurope.

4.On20November1984,xiangyanghong-10sailedfromShanghai,arrivinginAntarcticaon25December,markingasignificantprogressinChina’spolarresearch.

5.Tiangong-1isChina’sfirstspacestationwhichservesasbothamannedlaboratoryandanexperimentaltestbed.Itdemonstratesitsorbitalrendezvousanddockingcapabilities.

6.BianQue——fourmethodsofdiagnosis

HuaTuo——mafeisan

ZhangZhongjing——OnDiseases

LiShizhen——compendiumofMeteriaMedica

7.活字印刷术：

movabletypeprinting

五禽戏：

Five-AnimalExercises

四则运算：

fourfundamentaloperationsofarithmetic

哥德巴赫猜想：

Goldbach’sConjecture

杂交水稻：

hybridrice

8.WhenitcomestoChina’sancientscienceandtechnology,peoplemayimmediatelythinkofthefourgreatinventions,namely,thecompass,gunpowder,paper-makingandprinting.However,inancientChina,greatachievementswerealsomadeinastronomy,mathematics,traditionalChinesemedicine,agriculture,manufacturingandsoon.AchievementsmadeintraditionalChinesemedicinewereespeciallyremarkable.BianQue,oftheWarringStatesperiod,inventedthefourmethodsofdiagnosis:

observation,auscultationandolfaction,interrogation,andpalpationandpulsefeeling.CompendiumofMateriaMedicabyLiShizhenisregardedasthemostcompleteandcomprehensivemedicalbookeverwritteninthehistoryoftraditionalChinesemedicine.

ØChapter6

1.Tangdynasty——equestrianpolo

Songdynasty——cuju

Yuandynasty——chuiwan

2.Modernmartialartsconsistoffivecategories:

boxing,weaponexercises,sparringexercises,actualcombatandteamwork.

3.Qigong,alsocalleddeepbreathingexercise,ispracticedbytheChineseonaregularbasistokeepfit.“Qi”literallymeans“air”andimplies“lifeforce”.

4.Yanggeisatraditionaldanceaccompaniedbyrhythmicfolkmusicorsinging,withthedancersdressedincostumesandholdingfansorhandkerchiefs.

5.Itwasnotuntil1932whenthe10thOlympicGameswereheldinLosAngelesthatChinawasinvitedforthefirsttimetosendathletestocompete.Agai