机械毕业设计英文外文翻译382汽车转向操纵性能的要求.docx

机械毕业设计英文外文翻译382汽车转向操纵性能的要求.docx

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机械毕业设计英文外文翻译382汽车转向操纵性能的要求

附录

附录A英文文献

Alongwithautomobileelectronictechnologyswiftandviolentdevelopment,thepeoplealsodaybydayenhancetothemotorturninghandlingqualityrequest.Themotorturningsystemchanged,thehydraulicpressureboostfromthetraditionalmachinerychanges（HydraulicPowerSteering,iscalledHPS）,theelectricallycontrolledhydraulicpressureboostchanges（ElectricHydraulicPowerSteering,iscalledEHPS）,developstheelectricallyoperatedbooststeeringsystem（ElectricPowerSteering,iscalledEPS）,finallyalsowilltransittothelinecontrolsthesteeringsystem（SteerByWire,willbecalledSBW）.

Themachinerysteeringsystemisrefersbypilot'sphysicalstrengthachievementchangestheenergy,inwhichallpowertransmissionallismechanical,theautomobilechangesthemovementisoperatesthesteeringwheelbythepilot,transmitsthroughthediverterandaseriesofmemberschangesthewheeltorealize.Themechanicalsteeringsystembychangesthecontrolmechanism,thediverterandmajorpartchangesthegearing3tobecomposed.

Usuallymaydivideintoaccordingtothemechanicaldiverterform:

Thegearracktype,followsroundtheworld-like,thewormbearingadjusterhooptype,thewormbearingadjusterreferssellsthetype.Isthegearracktypeandfollowsusingthebroadesttwokindsroundtheworld-like（usesinneedingtimebigsteeringforce）.Infollowsroundtheworld-likeinthediverter,theinputchangesthecircleandtheoutputsteeringarmpivotangleisproportional;Inthegearracktypediverter,theinputchangestheturnandtheoutputrackdisplacementisproportional.Followsroundtheworld-likethediverterbecauseistherollingfrictionform,thusthetransmissionefficiencyisveryhigh,theeaseofoperationalsotheservicelifearelong,moreoverbearingcapacity,thereforewidelyappliesonthetruck.Thegearracktypediverterwithfollowsroundtheworld-likecompares,themostmajorcharacteristicistherigidityisbig,thestructurecompactweightislight,alsothecostislow.Becausethiswaypassesoneasilybythewheelthereactingforcetothesteeringwheel,thereforehastothepavementbehaviorresponsekeenmerit,butsimultaneouslyalsoeasytohavephenomenaandsoongoonandoscillation,alsoitsloadbearingefficiencyrelativeweak,thereforemainlyappliesonthecompactcarandthepickuptruck,atpresentthemajorityoflowendpassengervehicleusesisthegearracktypemachinerysteeringsystem.

Alongwiththevehiclescarryingcapacityincreaseaswellasthepeopletothevehicleshandlingqualityrequestenhancement,thesimplemechanicaltypesteeringsystemwerealreadyunabletomeettheneeds,thepowersteeringsystemariseatthehistoricmoment,itcouldrotatethesteeringwheelwhilethepilottoprovidetheboost,thepowersteeringsystemdividesintothehydraulicpressuresteeringsystemandtheelectricallyoperatedsteeringsystem2kinds.Hydraulicpressuresteeringsystemisatpresentusesthemostwidespreadsteeringsystem.

Thehydraulicpressuresteeringsystemincreasedthehydraulicsysteminthemechanicalsystemfoundation,includinghydraulicpump,Vshapebandpulley,drilltubing,feedinstallment,boostinstallmentandcontrolvalve.Itwiththeaidofinthemotorcarenginepoweractuationhydraulicpump,theaircompressorandthegeneratorandsoon,bythefluidstrength,thephysicalstrengthortheelectricpowerincreasesthepilottooperatethestrengthwhichthefrontwheelchanges,enablesthepilottobepossiblenimblytooperatemotorturningfacilely,reducedthelaborintensity,enhancedthetravelsecurity.

Thehydraulicpressurebooststeeringsystemfrominventedalreadyhadabouthalfcenturyhistorytothepresent,mightsaywasonekindofmoreperfectsystem,becauseitsworkreliable,thetechnologymaturestillwidelyisapplieduntilnow.Ittakesthepowersupplybythehydraulicpump,afteroilpipe-linecontrolvalvestopowerhydrauliccylinderfeed,throughtheconnectingrodimpetusrotationgearmovement,maychangestheboostthroughthechangecylinderboreandtheflowingtubingheadpressuresizethesize,fromthisachievedchangestheboostthefunction.Thetraditionalhydraulicpressuretypepowersteeringsystemmaydivideintogenerallyaccordingtotheliquidflowform:

Ordinaryflowtypeandatmosphericpressuretype2kindoftypes,alsomaydivideintoaccordingtothecontrolvalveformtransfersthevalvetypeandtheslide-valvetype.

Alongwithhydraulicpressurepowersteeringsystemonautomobiledailypopularization,thepeopletooperateswhentheportabilityandtheroadfeelingrequestalsodaybydayenhance,howeverthehydraulicpressurepowersteeringsystemhasmanyshortcomingsactually:

①Becauseitsitselfstructurehaddecideditisunabletoguaranteevehiclesrotatesthesteeringwheelwhenanyoperatingmode,allhastheidealoperationstability,namelyisunablesimultaneouslytoguaranteetimethelowspeedchangestheportabilityandthehighspeedtimeoperationstability;②Theautomobilechangesthecharacteristictodrivethepilottechnicaltheinfluencetobeserious;③Thesteeringratioisfixed,causesthemotorturningresponsecharacteristicalongwithchangesandsoonvehiclespeed,transverseaccelerationtochange,thepilotmustaimatthemotorturningcharacteristicpeak-to-peakvalueandthephasechangeaheadoftimecarriesoncertainoperationcompensation,thuscontrolstheautomobileaccordingtoitswishtravel.Likethisincreasedpilot'soperationburden,alsocausesinthemotorturningtravelnottohavethesecurityhiddendanger;Buthereafterappearedtheelectricallycontrolledhydraulicboostersystem,itincreasesthevelocitygeneratorinthetraditionalhydraulicpressurepowersteeringsystemfoundation,enablestheautomobilealongwiththevehiclespeedchangeautomaticcontrolforcesize,hastoacertainextentrelaxedthetraditionalhydraulicpressuresteeringsystemexistencequestion.

Atpresentourcountryproducesonthecommercialvehicleandthepassengervehicleusesmostlyistheelectricallycontrolledhydraulicpressurebooststeeringsystem,itisquitematureandtheapplicationwidespreadsteeringsystem.Althoughtheelectricallycontrolledhydraulicservoalleviatedthetraditionalhydraulicpressurefromcertaindegreetochangebetweentheportabilityandtheroadfeelingcontradiction,howeveritdidnothavefundamentallytosolvetheHPSsystemexistenceinsufficiency,alongwithautomobilemicroelectronictechnologydevelopment,automobilefueloilenergyconservationrequestaswellasglobalinitiativeenvironmentalprotection,itinaspectandsoonarrangement,installment,leak-proofquality,controlsensitivity,energyconsumption,attritionandnoiseinsufficienciesalreadymoreandmoreobvious,thesteeringsystemturnedtowardstheelectricallyoperatedbooststeeringsystemdevelopment.

Theelectricallyoperatedbooststeeringsystemisthepresentmotorturningsystemdevelopmentdirection,itsprincipleofworkis:

EPSsystemECUaftercomesfromthesteeringwheeltorquesensorandthevehiclespeedsensorsignalcarriesonanalysisprocessing,controlstheelectricalmachinerytohavethesuitableboosttorque,assiststhepilottocompletechangestheoperation.Inthelastfewyears,alongwiththeelectronictechnologydevelopment,reducesEPSthecosttobecomelargescalepossibly,Japansendsthecarcompany,MitsubishiCarcompany,thisfieldcarcompany,US'sDelphiautomobilesystemcompany,TRWCorporationandGermany'sZFCorporationgreatlyalloneafteranotherdevelopsEPS.Mercedes2BenzandSiemensAutomotivetwobigcompaniesinvested65,000,000poundstouseindevelopingEPS,thegoalaretogetherloadacarto2002,yearlyproduce300tenthousandsets,becametheglobalEPSmanufacturer.Sofar,theEPSsystemintheslightpassengervehicle,onthetheaterboxtypevehicleobtainsthewidespreadapplication,andeveryyearbythreemillionspeeddevelopment.

Steeringisthetermappliedtothecollectionofcomponents,linkages,etc.whichallowforavessel（ship,boat）orvehicle（car）tofollowthedesiredcourse.Anexceptionisthecaseofrailtransportbywhichrailtrackscombinedtogetherwithrailroadswitchesprovidethesteeringfunction.

Themostconventionalsteeringarrangementistoturnthefrontwheelsusingahand–operatedsteeringwheelwhichispositionedinfrontofthedriver,viathesteeringcolumn,whichmaycontainuniversaljointstoallowittodeviatesomewhatfromastraightline.Otherarrangementsaresometimesfoundondifferenttypesofvehicles,forexample,atillerorrear–wheelsteering.Trackedvehiclessuchastanksusuallyemploydifferentialsteering—thatis,thetracksaremadetomoveatdifferentspeedsoreveninoppositedirectionstobringaboutachangeofcourse.

Manymoderncarsuserackandpinionsteeringmechanisms,wherethesteeringwheelturnsthepiniongear;thepinionmovestherack,whichisasortoflineargearwhichmesheswiththepinion,fromsidetoside.Thismotionappliessteeringtorquetothekingpinsofthesteeredwheelsviatierodsandashortleverarmcalledthesteeringarm.

Olderdesignsoftenusetherecirculatingballmechanism,whichisstillfoundontrucksandutilityvehicles.Thisisavariationontheolderwormandsectordesign;thesteeringcolumnturnsalargescrew（the"wormgear"）whichmesheswithasectorofagear,causingittorotateaboutitsaxisasthewormgearisturned;anarmattachedtotheaxisofthesectormovesthepitmanarm,whichisconnectedtothesteeringlinkageandthussteersthewheels.Therecirculatingballversionofthisapparatusreducest