雅思流程图汇总.docx

雅思流程图汇总.docx

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雅思流程图汇总

ThismanuscriptwasrevisedonNovember28,2020

雅思流程图汇总

一

Thediagramsbelowshowthestagesandequipmentusedinthecement-makingprocess,andhowcementisusedtoproduceconcreteforbuildingpurposes.

Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparsonswherereleant.

Thefirstdiagramindicatesthestagesandequipmentintheprocessofmakingcement,andthesecondoneillustrateshowcementandothermaterialsaremixedtoproduceconcreteforbuildingpurposes.

Cementproductioninvolvesthefollowingsteps.Thefirststepistoputlimestoneandclayontwodifferentconveyors.Then,thesetwotypesofmaterialsarepressedintothecrusherwhichbreaksthemintopowder.Afterthat,thepowderispouredintoamixer,andthenmixturesaretransmittedintoarotatingheaterwhichworkswithheat.Thefollowingstepisthatabandcarrierleadstheheatedpowdertoagrinderwherethecementcomesout.Finally,cementispackedintobags,andtheprocessisfinished.

Concreteproductionismuchmoresimple.Fourdifferentkindsofmaterialsareneededindifferentproportion.Gravelaccountsforthelargestpart,at50%,followedbysand,whichis25%.Cementandwatercontributes15%and10%respectively.Thefourmaterialsarethenmixedandpouredintoaconcretemixerandafteraperiodofwhirling,concreteisproduced.

Inconclusion,makingcementhasmorecomplexprocessthanmakingconcretethoughconcreteneedsmorematerialsthancement.

二

Thediagramsbelowshowthelifecycleofthesilkwormandthestagesintheproductionofsilkcloth.

Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbythemothandittakestendaysforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberryleaves.Thisstagelastsforuptosixweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.

Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theyareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900metreslong,whichmeanstheycanbetwistedtogether,dyedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage.

Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleprocess.

三

Theflowchartbelowshowshowchewinggumismade.

Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

Thediagramshowshowchewinggumisproduced.Firstlytheingredientsofgumareputintoacontainerandwasheateduntiltheyformasinglemass.Thisisthenstraineduntilalloftheliquidhasbeeneliminated.Next,thegumispassedintoanothercontainer/placeandthedesiredflavorings,sweetenersandsoftenersareaddedThismixtureisblendeduntilalloftheingredientsaremixedtogether.Thegumthentravels/passestoadifferentmachinewhichusesrollerstoflattenoutthegum.Finallythethinsheetsofgumarecutintorectangularshapesandbrokenintoseparatepiecesthenthegumpasses/travelsalongaconveyorbeltwhereitisenclosedinpackagingreadyfordistribution.

四

Thediagrambelowshowshowfruitiscanned.

Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

Thediagramshowstheprocessofcanningfreshfruit.Firstthefruitispickedfromtreesbyhand.Itisthentransportedtothecannerybylargetrucks.Atthecannerythefruitiswashedandqualitychecked,andanypoorqualityfruitisrejected.Thegoodqualityfruitisputintocoldstorage.Whenitisreadyforcanningthefruitisweighedandgraded.Thegradingensuresthatfruitofasimilarsizeiskepttogether.Afterthisthefruitispeeledandthecoresareremoved.Itisthenslicedintotherequiredsizesandputintocans.Juiceorsyrupisalsoaddedtothecans.Oncethecanshavebeenfilled,theyaresealedandcookedoverheattoensurethatthecansaresterilized.Whenthecansarecool,labelsareattachedandtheyareplacedintostorages.Thecannedfruitisnowreadytobedespatchedtosupermarketsandsold.

五

Thediagrambelowshowstheprocessofmakingchocolate.

Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

Chocolate'svariedflavours,colours,shapesandtexturesresultfromdifferentrecipetraditions.Whichhaveevolvedindifferentpartsoftheworld.Theessentialingredientinallchocolateiscocoa,whichismadefromthecream-colouredbeansthatgrowinpodsonthecacaotree.Thecacaotree,whichgrowsinequatorialregionssuchasSouthAmerica,AfricaandIndonesiaproducesafruitaboutthesizeofasmallpineapple,Insidewhicharethetree'sseeds.

Afterharvesting,thecocoabeansarcremovedfromthepodsandpiledinheapsthatareleftforseveraldaystodry.Thedriedbeansarethentransportedtofactorieswheretheyaresortedandroasted.Theshellsarethenremovedandthebeansaregroundintochocolateliquor-athickbrownliquidwhichformsasolidataboutroomtemperature.Thisliquorcontainsahighpercentageoffat（cocoabutter）,whichisremovedbyusingpresses.Thesolidblockofcocoathatremainsisthenmadeintoapowderwhichcanbeusedtomakeahotchocolatedrink,orismixedbackwithsomeofthecocoabutter,sugarandotherflavoursuchasvanillatomakethedifferentkindsofchocolate.

六

Thediagrambelowshowstheprocessbywhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustry.

Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

Theprocessbywhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustrycanbeoutlinedinsevenconsecutivesteps.

Firsttherawmaterial,clay,whichliesjustbelowthesurfaceofsoilincertainclay-richareashastobedugupbyadigger.

Thenthelumpsofclayareplacedonametalgrid,inordertobreakupthebigchunksofclayintomuchsmallerones,whichfallthroughthemetalgridontoaroller,whosemotionfurthersegregatesthebitsofclay.Sandandwaterareaddedtomakeahomogenousmixture,whichistheneitherformedinmouldsorcutintobrick-shapedpiecesbymeansofawirecutter.

Thesefreshbricksarethenkeptinadryingovenforatleast24andamaximumof48hours,severaldozensifnothundredsofbricksatatime.Thedriedbricksarethentransferredtoaalso-calledkiln,anothertypeofhightemperatureof200℃-980℃,thenatahightemperatureof870℃-1300℃.Thisprocessisfollowedbycoolingdownthefinishedbricksfor48to72hoursinacoolingchamber.

Oncethebrickshavebeencooleddownandhavebecomehard,theygetpackagedanddeliveredtotheirfinaldestination,beitabuildingsiteorstorage.

七

Thediagramsbelowshowtheprocessofhowuraniumisusedintheproductionofnuclearpower.

Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

Thisdiagramdescribeshowuraniumismined,processed,usedandthendiscarded.

Uraniumisfoundunderthegroundandsoitmustbemined.Oncethemineduraniumhasbeenextracted,itistakentoaprocessingcentre.Heretheuraniumisconvertedintoaformthatcanbeusedasafuelinanuclearpowerstation.Todothis,theuraniumischangedintoagasandenrichedbeforeitisreformedasU-235fuelpellets.

Thefuelpelletsarethenusedinnuclearpowerstationstoprovideupto7billionkilowattsofelectricityfromjustonestation.Afterthefuelhasbeenusedforaboutfouryearsitisremovedfromthepowerstationandstored.Someoftheusedfuelcanbere-processedandre-usedinapowerstationtoproducemoreelectricity.

Finally,oldstoredfuelthatcannotbere-processedisputintostainlesssteelcontainersandthenburieddeepintheground.

八

Theillustrationsbelowshowhowchocolateisproduced.

Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures.

Thediagramshowsthestagesintheprocessofmakingchocolate.

Chocolatecomesfromthecacaotree,whichisgrowninpartsofSouthAmerica,AfricaandIndonesia.Thetreeproduceslargeredpodswhichcontainwhitecocoabeans.Firstly,whenthepodsareripe,theyareharvested.Thebeansareremovedandtheyarefermentedforseveraldaysinlargewoodenboxes.Duringthefermentingprocess,thebeansturnbrown.

Next,thebrownbeansarespreadinthesuntodry.Theyarethenputinlargesacksandtransportedbytrainorlorry.Afterthis,thebeansaretakentoachocolatefactorywheretheyareroastedinanovenattemperaturesofbetween250and350degreeCelsius.

Afterbeingroasted,thebeansarecrushedandtheoutershellisremoved.Finally,theinnerpartofthebeanispressedandliquidchocolateisproduced.

九

Thediagrambelowshowshowbananachipsaremade.

Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

Theflowchartshowshowbananachipsaremade.First,thebananasarepeeledbyaspecialmachineandthentheyarerinsedinwater.Nextthecleanbananasareputintoachippingmachinewheretheyareslicedintothinchips.Afterthistheyaredistributed.Oncetheyaredry,thebananachipsaresoakedinhotoilinlargedeepfatfryers.Thecookedbananachipsarefriedfromthefryersusingaspecialsievewhichallowsalloftheoiltodrainoff.Thebananachips