定语从句的特殊情况及介词+关系代词.docx

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定语从句的特殊情况及介词+关系代词.docx

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定语从句的特殊情况及介词+关系代词.docx

定语从句的特殊情况及介词+关系代词

定语从句的特殊情况及介词+关系代词

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定语从句的特殊情况及介词+关系代词

  定语从句的特殊情况及介词+关系代词

  定语从句

  一、定语从句中只能用that引导的情况

  1.当先行词为all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,theone等词时。

  Everythingthathesaidwastrue.

  2.当先行词被thevery(恰恰,正好),theonly,any,few,little,no,all修饰时。

  Thisistheverygrammarbook(that)Iwanttobuy.

  Theonlythingthatisconstantischange.

  Therewaslittlethatwecoulddotohelpher.

  3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

  Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.

  ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI'veeverseen.

  4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

  ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

  WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?

  5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。

  Whothathascommonsensewillbelievesuchnonsense?

  WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

  6.当先行词既有人又有物时。

  Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?

  7.先行词在定语从句中做表语,而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。

  Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl(that)sheusedtobe.

  Heisnottheman(that)heseems.

  二、定语从句中只能用which引导的情况

  ①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

  Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.

  IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?

  ②在非限制性定语从句中.

  Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.

  MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.

  ③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.

  Letmeshowyouthenovel,thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

  ④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

  Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

  ⑤先行词本身是that,宜用which.

  What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?

  三、定语从句中只能用who引导的情况

  在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用,但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。

  

(1)先行词是one,ones和anyone时,宜用who。

  Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.

  Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.

  Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.

  

(2)先行词是those时,宜用who。

  Nowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressourthankstothosewhoworkedhardtorescuesurvivorsintheearthquake.

  (3)当先行词有较长的后置定语时,宜用who。

  ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinwesternYunnanprovince.

  (4)一个句子带有两个定语从句时,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。

  Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.

  (5)在therebe开头的句子中,宜用who。

  Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.

  Therearemanyoldmenwhoareagainstthisplan.

  练习

  填空

  1.Herearethemostimportantones_____33_____areoftenmentionedbysuccessfulsalespeople.

  2.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons_______theyrememberedintheschool.

  3.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______havebeenshownthisyear.

  4.I'minterestedinall______youhavesaid.

  5.Whoistheman______ismakingaspeech?

  6.Anyonewholaughslastlaughsbest.

  That,that,that,that,that

  选择

  1.Who_____hascommonsense(常识)willdosuchathing?

   A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that

  2.Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.

   A.thatB.those C.which D.what 

  3.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.

  A.whatB.that C.which D.where

  4.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.

  A.allwhich B.allwhat C.thatallD.all

  翻译:

  1.我已完成了他让我做的一切。

  2.他解答出我所见过最难的题目。

  3.我需要同你一样的字典。

  4.他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。

  5.我必须记住老师教给我的一切知识。

  Ihavedoneallthathetoldustodo.

  HeworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthatIhadseen.

  Ineedthesamedictionarythatyouhave.

  Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersonsthatwehadneverheard.

  Ihadtoremembereverythingthattheteachertaughtme.

  Whoisthemanthatyouspoketojustnow?

  四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

  关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(that,who不可以),也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。

  ATheschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

  Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

  BTomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.

  TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.

  CThisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.

  ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.

  DThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.

  ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.

  注意:

  1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。

如:

lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。

  Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)

  ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)

  Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)

  Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.(误)

  2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who,若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which;关系代词是所有格时用whose。

  Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)

  Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)

  TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)

  TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误)

  3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。

如:

  Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

  Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

  Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

  Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.

  4.关系代词前介词的确定:

  1)根据先行词的习惯搭配

  They’llneverforgetJuly1onwhichHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.

  1992istheyearinwhichyouwereborn.

  2)根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配

  TheschooltowhichIwassentwasverylarge.

  HongKongisthecityfromwhichhecomes.

  3)根据定语从句的意义

  WuSongwasthemanbywhomthetigerwasshot.

  注意:

  ①Theystoodatthewindow,from________theycouldseewhatwashappeninginthestreet.

  ②Thebookwaswrittenin1946,since________theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.

  【答案】①where ②when

  练习

  选择

  1.Forme,GonewiththeWindisaveryhappydiscovery,_____Ishallreturnfrequently.

  A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich

  2.Thehouse________LuXunusedtoliveisnowamuseum.

  A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.there

  介词填空

  3.Idisagreewiththefacts______whichyourargumentisbased.

  4.Thesong,______whichhewasinterested,willneverbeheardagain.

  5.Thisisthereason______whichheoftencomestoschoollate.

  6.Iwillneverforgettheway______whichmyteachertaughtme.

  7.Thisisthehero______whomweareproud.

  8.Iwanttofindtheverypen______whichIwrotethatletter.

  9.Theyarethestudents______whomourteachersarethinkinghighly.

  10.Itisimportanttochoosegoodfriends______whomyoucanshareyourfeelingsandthoughts.

  11.Itwillnotbenecessarytonametheperson______whomthecardbelongs.

  12.Iwouldalwaysliketodobusinesswiththosepeople________whomIcanrely.

  语法填空

  13.Theage(37)________theaveragewomanhasherfirstbabyisnow28inWesternEurope,anditisgettinglater.

  14.Teachersfaceabigchallengeinsuchasituation.Whentheyenteraclassroom(36)____________mostofthestudentsdonotwanttobethereanddonotwanttostudy,howcantheyteach?

  15.“Whatwewearandhowwewearourclothesisallpartandparceloftheway(30)__________wecommunicatewitheachother.”ShetoldtheBBC.

  16.Whereverhewent,hecarriedanotebookaroundwithhim,(37)____________hewrotedownhisideas.

  答案:

  1-2CC

  3.On4.in5.for6.in7.of8.with9.of10.with11.to12.on

  13.Atwhich14.Inwhich15.Inwhich16.Onwhich

  五、定语从句中含有插入语

  定语从句和先行词之间常常会有Ithink,youknow,Ibelieve,Ithought等插入语。

做此类题目时,我们要先去除插入语,再选择正确的关系词。

  完成下列句子:

  ①Thisistheschool________youknowIoncestudied.

  ②Ipickedupaman________Ithoughtwashonest.

  =Ipickedupaman________Ithoughttobehonest.

  ③Hemadeadiscovery,________(我认为)isveryimportant.

  【答案】①where ②who;that/who/whom/不填 ③whichIthink

  六、找准先行词

  一般说来,定语从句是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,但有时也会出现先行词和定语从句被一个词或一个短语所分隔,或者谓语太短等情况,这时我们要根据定语从句的句意判断哪一个词是先行词。

  ①I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool______ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.

  ②She'llneverforgetherstaythere________shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.

  ③Thedaysaregone________weusedtheforeignoil.

  1.Therewasatimeinmylife________IhatedtogotoschoolbecauseIdidn'tgetonwellwithmyclassmates.

  A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which

  2.You'llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation________youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.

  A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as

  【答案】①whom/who ②when ③when

  七、way和time后接定语从句的情况

 

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