专业八级.docx

专业八级.docx

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专业八级

TEM-8（2014）

听力试题

　　SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE

　　Inthissection,youwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE，usingnomorethanthreewordsineachgap.Makesuretheword（s）youfillinis（are）bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.

　　SECTIONBINTERVIEW

　　InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.

　　Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.NowlistentotheinterviewbetweenOscarwinningactressAngelinaJolieandCianonsAndrewDamon

　　Nowlistentotheinterview.

　　1.WhatisthemainpurposeofAngelina'svisittoIraq?

　　[A]Todrawattentiontotherefugeecrisis.[B]TolookafterrefugeesinIraq.

　　[C]ToworkforU.N.H.C.R.[D]Toworkoutaplanforrefugees.

　　2.FromtheinterviewweknowthatAngelina_________.

　　[A]wasstronglyopposedtoofficials’opinions[B]thoughtyoungkidsshouldbegivenpriority

　　[C]wasmuchworriedaboutthelackofaction[D]proposedthatpoliciesbemadepromptly

　　3.WhichofthefollowingBESTexplainswhattheglobalcommunityshoulddo?

　　[A]Tosupenisetheconstructionofschools.[B]Totakepromptandeffectiveactions.

　　[C]Toprovidewaterandpowersupply.[D]Topreventinstabilityandaggression.

　　4.AccorciingtoAngelina,whatisthekeyissueinsolvingtherefugeeproblem?

　　[A]ThecurrentsituationinIraq.[B]ThepoliticsintheMiddleEast

　　[C]Refugeesreturningtonormallife.[D]Internationalanddomesticefforts.

　　5.AngelinasawhertriptoIraqsignificantbecauseshecould_________.

　　[A]helpothersknowwheretheproblemswere[B]helpbringNGOsbacktotheregion

　　[C]talktodifferentpeoplethere[D]readtheofficialpapers

　　SECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST

　　InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.

　　Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.

　　Nowlistentothenews.

　　6.Whatisthemainideaofthenewsitem?

　　[A]Alitalia'sattempttohelpWindJetout.[B]CancellationofflightsatRomeAirport

　　[C]ProblemscausedbyWindJet'scashshortage.[D]ExpectedchangesofWindJefsflightdesUnations.

　　Question7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestion.

　　Nowlistentothenews.

　　7.WhatdidtheresearchersdiscoverinnorthernKenya?

　　[A]Ahumantooth.[B]Ahumanskull.

　　[C]Threespeciesofhumans.[D]Threehumanfossils.

　　8.Whatwasthesignificanceofthediscovery?

　　[A]TliefindingswerepublisliedinNature.[B]Itsupportedanexistingassumption.

　　[C]Mostresearchquestionswereanswered.[D]Moreresearcheffortswereencouraged.

　　Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.

　　Nowlistentothenews.

　　9.Theairportoriginallydecidedtocoveruptlieposterbecause__________

　　[A]someinternationaltravellerscomplained[B]theartexhibitionwastobepostponed

　　[C]otherartistsworkswereabsentfromads[D]real-lifemodelswouldappearonthescene

　　10.WhatwasthereactionoftheNationalGalleriesofScotland?

　　[A]Horrified.[B]Indignant.[C]Surprised.[D]Outraged.

PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION（30MIN）

TEXTA

　MyclassatHarvardBusinessSchoolhelpsstudentsunderstandwhatgoodmanagementtheoryisandhowitisbuilt.Ineachsession,welookatonecompanythroughthelensesofdifferenttheories,usingthemtoexplainhowthecompanygotintoitssituationandtoexaminewhatactionwillyieldtheneededresults.Onthelastdayofclass,Iaskedmyclasstoturnthosetheoreticallensesonthemselvestofindanswerstotwoquestions:

First,HowcanIbesureI’llbehappyinmycareer?

Second,HowcanIbesuremyrelationshipswithmyspouseandmyfamilywillbecomeanenduringsourceofhappiness?

Herearesomemanagementtoolsthatcanbeusedtohelpyouleadapurposefullife.

　　1.UseYourResourcesWisely.Yourdecisionsaboutallocatingyourpersonaltime,energy,andtalentshapeyourlife’sstrategy.Ihaveabunchof“businesses”thatcompetefortheseresources:

I’mtryingtohavearewardingrelationshipwithmywife,raisegreatkids,contributetomycommunity,succeedinmycareer,andcontributetomychurch.AndIhaveexactlythesameproblemthatacorporationdoes.Ihavealimitedamountoftime,energyandtalent.HowmuchdoIdevotetoeachofthesepursuits?

　　Allocationchoicescanmakeyourlifeturnouttoverydifferentfromwhatyouintended.Sometimesthat’sgood:

opportunitiesthatyouhaveneverplannedforemerge.Butifyoudon’tinvestyourresourceswisely,theoutcomecanbebad.AsIthinkaboutmyformerclassmateswhoinadvertentlyinvestedinlivesofhollowunhappiness,Ican’thelpbelievingthattheirtroublesrelatedrightbacktoashort-termperspective.

　　Whenpeoplewithahighneedforachievementhaveanextrahalfhouroftimeoranextraounceofenergy,they’llunconsciouslyallocateittoactivitiesthatyieldthemosttangibleaccomplishments.Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatwe’removingforward.Youshipaproduct,finishadesign,completeapresentation,closeasaleteachaclass,publishapaper,getpaid,getpromoted.Incontrast,investingtimeandenergyinyourrelationshipswithyourspouseandchildrentypicallydoesn’tofferthesameimmediatesenseofachievement.Kidsmisbehaveeveryday.It’sreallynotuntil20yearsdowntheroadthatyoucansay,“Iraisedagoodsonoragooddaughter.”Youcanneglectyourrelationshipwithyourspouseandonadailybasisitdoesn’tseemasifthingaredeteriorating.Peoplewhoaredriventoexcelhavethisunconsciouspropensitytounderinvestintheirfamiliesandoverinvestintheircareers,eventhoughintimateandlovingfamilyrelationshipsarethemostpowerfulandenduringsourceofhappiness.

　　Ifyoustudytherootcausesofbusinessdisasters,overandoveryou’llfindthispredispositiontowardendeavorsthatofferimmediategratification.Ifyoulookatpersonallivesthroughthatlens,you’llseethatsamestunningandsoberingpattern:

peopleallocatingfewerandfewerresourcestothethingstheywouldhaveoncesaidmatteredmost.

　　2.CreateAFamilyCulture.It’sonethingtoseeintothefoggyfuturewithaacuityandchartthecoursecorrectionsacompanymustmake.Butit’squiteanothertopersuadeemployeestolineupandworkcooperativelytotakethecompanyinthatnewdirection.

　　Whenthereislittleagreement,youhavetouse“powertools”–coercion,threats,punishmentsandsoon,tosecurecooperation.Butifemployee’swaysofworkingtogethersucceedoverandover,consensusbeginstoform.Ultimately,peopledon’teventhinkaboutwhethertheirwayyieldssuccess.Theyembraceprioritiesandfollowproceduresbyinstinctandassumptionratherthanbyexplicitdecision,whichmeansthatthey’vecreatedaculture.Culture,incompellingbutunspokenways,dictatestheproven,acceptablemethodsbywhichmembersofagroupaddressrecurrentproblems.Andculturedefinestheprioritygiventodifferenttypesofproblems.Itcanbeapowerfulmanagementtool.

　　Iusethismodeltoaddressthequestion,HowcanIbemyfamilybecomesanenduringsourceofhappiness?

Mystudentsquicklyseethatthesimplestwayparentscanelicitcooperationfromchildrenistowieldpowertools.Buttherecomesapointduringtheteenyearswhenpowertoolsnolongerwork.Atthatpoint,parentsstartwishingtheyhadbegunworkingwiththeirchildrenataveryyoungagetobuildacultureinwhichchildreninstinctivelybehaverespectfullytowardoneanother,obeytheirparents,andchoosetherightthingtodo.Familieshavecultures,justacompaniesdo.Thoseculturescanbebuiltconsciously.

　　Ifyouwantyourkidstohavestrongself-esteemandtheconfidencethattheycansolvehardproblems,thosequalitieswon’tmagicallymaterializeinhighschool.Youhavetodesignthemintofamily’scultureandyouhavethinkaboutthisveryearlyon.Likeemployees,childrenbuildself-esteembydoingthingsthatarehardandlearningwhatworks.

　　11.Accordingtotheauthor,thekeytosuccessfulallocationofresourcesinyourlifedependsonwhetheryou

　　A.canmanageyourtimewellB.havelong-termplanning

　　C.areluckyenoughtohavenewopportunitiesD.cansolvebothcompanyandfamilyproblems

　　12.Whatistheroleofthestatement“Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatwe’removingforward”withreferencetothepreviousstatementintheparagraph?

　　A.ToofferfurtherexplanationB.Toprovideadefinition

　　C.TopresentacontrastD.Toillustratecareerdevelopment

　　13.Accordingtotheauthor,acommoncauseoffailureinbusinessandfamilyrelationshipsis

　　A.lackofplanningB.short-sightednessC.shortageofresourcesD.decisionbyinstinct

　　14.Accordingtotheauthor,whendoesculturebegintoemerge

　　A.Whenpeopledecidewhatandhowtodo