备战届高考英语阅读之说明文八.docx

备战届高考英语阅读之说明文八.docx

《备战届高考英语阅读之说明文八.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《备战届高考英语阅读之说明文八.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

备战届高考英语阅读之说明文八

备战2021高考英语阅读之说明文（八）

（A）

Renewableenergyprojects,includingonshoreandoffshorewindandsolarfarms,havesofarbeensubsidized（资助）bygovernmentsupportschemes.Thishasledtosometocomplainthatcleanenergyispushingupbills.

However,themostrecentlyapprovedoffshorewindprojectswillmostlikelyoperatewith‘negativesubsidies’—payingmoneybacktothegovernment.Themoneywillgotowardsreducinghouseholdenergybillsastheoffshorewindfarmsstartproducingpowerinthemid-2020s.

ThisistheconclusionofananalysisbyaninternationalteamledbyImperialCollegeLondonresearcherspublishedtodayinNatureEnergy.

LeadresearcherDrMalteJansen,fromtheCentreforEnvironmentalPolicyatImperial,said:

“Offshorewindpowerwillsoonbesocheaptoproducethatitwillundercutfossil-fueledpowerstationsandmaybethecheapestformofenergyfortheUK.Energysubsidiesusedtopushupenergybills,butwithinafewyearscheaprenewableenergywillseethembroughtdownforthefirsttime.Thisisanastonishingdevelopment.”

TheanalysisforfivecountriesinEurope,includingtheUK,focusedonaseriesofgovernmentauctions（拍卖）foroffshorewindfarmsbetweenFebruary2015andSeptember2019.Companiesthatwanttobuildwindfarmsbidintheauctionsbystatingthepriceatwhichtheywillselltheenergytheyproducetothegovernment.

Theseareknownas‘contractsfordifference’orCfDs.Ifacompany’sbidishigherthanthewholesaleelectricitypriceontheUKmarketoncethewindfarmisupandrunning,thenthecompanywillreceiveasubsidyfromthegovernmenttotopuptheprice.

However,ifthestatedprice（规定价格）islessthanthewholesaleprice,thenthecompanywillpaythegovernmentbackthedifference.Thispaybackisthenpassedthroughtoconsumer’senergybills,reducingtheamountthathomesandbusinesseswillpayforelectricity.

Thewinningcompaniessaidtheycouldbuildnewoffshorewindfarmsforaround£40permegawatthour（MWh）ofpower.Thiswasanewrecordsetbythesewindfarmswithbids30percentlowerthanjusttwoyearsearlier.

1．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A．OffshorewindfarmstobebuiltintheUKcouldreducehouseholdenergybillsbyproducingelectricityverycheaply.

B．Offshorewindfarmswillnotbesubsidizedbygovernmentinthenearfuture.

C．TheimportanceofCfDs.

D．Theoperationofnegativesubsidies.

2．AccordingtoParagraph2,offshorewindfarms________.

A．willstopproducingpowerinthemid-2020s

B．arepayingmoneybacktothegovernment

C．willhelpreducehouseholdenergybills

D．willalloperatewith‘negativesubsidies’

3．Theunderlinedwords“topup”inParagraph6probablymean________.

A．makeupB．takeupC．coverD．fillup

4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A．Therenewableenergyprojectswillleadtosometocomplainthatcleanenergyispushingupbills.

B．Thecompanywhosebidislessthanthewholesaleelectricitypricewillreceiveasubsidy.

C．Thestatedelectricitypriceisnowhigherthanthewholesaleelectricityprice.

D．Fossil-fueledpowerwillbesoonproducedcheaply.

（B）

“ThishasgoneaswellasIcouldhavedreamed,andIcanflyinthenearfuture!

”Yes,AlyssaCarson,anow-18-year-oldastronautfromBatonRouge,Louisianaiscapable.Forher,ridingthemostaggressiverollercoasterintheparkisnotabigdeal.Ifallgoesaccordingtoherplans,NASAwillsendhertoMarsin2033,makingherthefirsthumantostepfootontheplanet.Shewillspendtwotothreeyearslivingthere,growingfood,performingscienceexperimentsandsearchingforsignsoflife.“TheMartianisactuallyveryaccurate,”shesaid.“Alotofthingsthathappenedinthemoviearesimilartowhatisgoingtohappen.”Shehasdevotedherentirelifetopreparingforherjourney.

HerloveforspacestartedwhenshewatchedacartooncalledTheBackyardigansattheageof3.Fiveanimalpalsonimaginaryadventuresintheirbackyard,includingonepart-amissiontoMars.“Ithought‘Thisredplanetissocool!

’”shesaid.“Istartedwatchingvideosofrovers’landingonMars.IhadalargemapofMarsinmyroomwhichIwouldlookateveryday.IstartedgettingtelescopessoIcouldlookatspace.

At7,herfathertookhertospacecampinHuntsville,Alabama.“Thatwastheweekendofmylife.”shesaid.IgottolearneverythingIhadbeenwantingtoknowandIgottoseealife-sizerocket.”Shecherishedtherocketsomuchthatshereturned18times.At12,shebecamethefirstpersoninhistorytoattendallthreeNASAspacecampsinHuntsville,Alabama;Quebec,CanadaandIzmir,Turkey.

Atfirstshemasteredthebasicsofspaceandhowhumanshaveexploreditthroughouttime.Asshegotoldershesimulated（模拟）missions,tryingtoreachadestinationingravity-free,weightlesszones.

Whenshewas9,shemetNASAastronautSandraMagnus.Theexperiencedexplorertoldhershewasheragewhenshedecidedtogotospace.AtthatmomentAlyssaknewherloveofspacewasnotahobby.“Ididthesamethingasotherkids,likeswitchingmymindaboutcareers,wantingtobeateacherorthepresidentoneday,”shesaid.“ButthewayIalwaysthoughtaboutitwasIwouldbecomeanastronaut,gotoMars,comeback,andthenbeateacherorthepresident.”

1．WhichofthefollowingaboutAlyssaCarsonisright?

A．ShehascreatedmodelmissionstoMars.

B．Sheistheyoungestonewhohascompletedastronauttraining.

C．SheislikelytobethefirsthumantoperformdifferenttasksonMars.

D．ShehasvisitedthespacecampinHuntsville,Alabamafornearly30times.

2．What’ssupposedtobestressedbyreferringtoNASAastronautSandraMagnus?

A．Thepowerofspacedreams.

B．Thepopularityofspacetravel.

C．Theimportanceofcareerchoices

D．Theexcitementofherspaceexperiences.

3．Whatcan’tbeinferredfromthearticle?

A．TheBackyardigansisacartoonforkids.

B．AlyssawillhavemanytaskstocompleteifshelandsonMarssuccessfully.

C．Alyssawasforcedtolearnthebasicsofspacesciencebyherfather.

D．Alyssaenjoysridingrollercoasterslikemanyotheryoungpeople.

4．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinwritingthepassage?

A．TointroduceAmericanspaceindustry.

B．TopromotethevaluesofAmericanteens.

C．ToencouragetourstoMars.

D．TopresentarisingAmericanspacestar.

（C）

In1973,MarkGranovetter,asociologyprofessoratStanfordUniversity,publishedapaperentitledTheStrengthofWeakTies.Itwentontobecomeoneofthemostinfluentialsociologypapersofalltime.Untilthenscholarshadassumedthatanindividual’swell-beingdependedmainlyonthequalityofrelationshipswithclosefriendsandfamily.Granovettershowedthatquantitymatters,too.Hecategoriesaperson’ssocialworldas“strongties”and“weakties”.Hiscentralinsightwasthatfornewmessagesandideas,weaktiesaremoreimportanttousthanstrongones.AsGranovetterpointedout,thepeoplewhomweoftentalktoswiminthesamepoolofinformationaswedo.Wedependonacquaintanceswhomweseeinfrequentlytobringusnewsofopportunities.

ThiswastheideabehindthePixarbuilding,thedesignofwhichwasmadebySteveJobs.Thebuildinghasalargecentralhallthroughwhichallemployeeshavetopassseveraltimesaday.Jobswantedcolleaguestorunintoeachother,grabcoffeeandhaveachat.Hebelievedinthepoweroftheseseeminglyrandomconversationstofireupcreativity.

Encounterswithweaktiescanbegoodforourmentalwellbeing,too.GillianSandstrom,aseniorlecturerinpsychologyattheUniversityofEssex,investigatedtheextenttowhichpeoplegethappinessfromweak-tierelationships.Shefoundthatondayswhenaparticipanthadagreaternumberofcasualinteractionswithweakties–say,aneighbour,amemberofyogaclass–theyexperiencedmorehappinessandagreatersenseofbelonging.

Forallthesereasons,weshouldcontinuetotryandfindwaystocultivateweak-tierelationships.Sandstromaddsthatwecanalsoengageinmoreweak-tie-styleinteractionswithourstrongties.Thegoalistoletothersknowyouarethinkingofthemwithoutaskingforagreatdealoftime,energyorattention.

1.WhydoesGranovetterthinkweaktiesaremoreimportant?

A.Theyaresmallerinnumber.

B.Theyformsamecircleoffriends.

C.Theyaresourcesofnewinformation.

D.Theyarerelatedtoclosefriendsandfamily.

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbecategorizedasweakties?

A.Neighbors.B.Bestfriends.

C.Parents.D.Husbandorwife.

3.WhatisthefunctionofthecentralhallinPixarbuilding?

A.Ithelpsstaffbuildfriendship.

B.Itallowsstafftohaveabreak.

C.Itencouragesstafftomeetandchat.

D.IthelpsJobscommunicatewithstaff.

4.WhatdoesSandstromwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?

A.Wecandevelopweaktiesintostrongties.

B.Weshouldspendmoretimewithstrongties.

C.Weshouldbalanceweaktieswithstrongties.

D.Wecanapplycasualinteractionstostrongties.

（D）

Ourelectronicdevicestodaystoreanawfullotofpersonalinformation.Weusethedevicestoreadandsende-mails,checkbankbalances,andevenpayourbillsovertheinternet.Wewanttobeassuredthatifourdevicesarestolen.ourpersonalinformationstoredinsidethemwillremainsafefromthethiefwhophysicallypossessesthedevice.

Todealwiththisproblem.ApplehascomeoutwithanewiPhonethatusesbiometric（生物识别的）informationtolockitselfup.Thephonehasafingerprintscannerthatwilllockorunlockthephone.Yourfingerprintbecomesthekey,andthismakesitnearlyimpossibleforotherstouseyourphonewithoutyourimmediatepermission-ordoesit?

Atfirstlook,onewouldthinkthatthistypeofsecuritywouldb