牛津译林版七年级英语下册全册词汇汇总.docx
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牛津译林版七年级英语下册全册词汇汇总
2018 年牛津译林版七年级英语下册全册词汇汇总
词 汇 点 睛
●1 invite vt. 邀请
[点拨] invite 用作动词,常用于以下结构:
(1)invite sb for 邀请某人……
John invited me for dinner. 约翰请我吃饭。
(2)invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
He invited a singer to sing for his friends.
他邀请了一位歌手给他的朋友们唱歌。
(3)invite sb to sp 邀请某人到某处
Linda invited me to her home.
琳达邀请我去她家。
[拓展] invite 的名词形式为 invitation,意为“邀请;请柬”。
Millie received an invitation to the party.
米莉收到了参加聚会的请柬。
●2 broken adj. 损坏了的;破碎的
[点拨] broken 用作形容词,在句中作表语或定语。
The TV is broken. I will have it repaired this afternoon.这台电视机坏了。
今
天下午我将让人修理一下它。
[拓展] broken 的动词形式为 break,意为“打破;打碎”。
Take care not to break the cup.
小心别把茶杯打碎了。
She is eager to break the record.
她渴望打破那项记录。
[搭配] 与 break 相关的短语:
break down (机器)坏了;(计划、谈判) 失败;(谈话、通讯) 中断
break into 破门而入;打断(谈话);占用
break off 突然停止;中断(谈判);断绝(关系)
break out (战争、瘟疫、火灾等)爆发
break up散会;(学期)结束;驱散(集会);(精神上)垮掉
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●3 raise vt. 饲养
Most students in our school raise pets.
我们学校的大多数学生都饲养宠物。
[拓展]
(1)raise 还可译为“举起;升起;提起;抬起(某物)”。
常用搭配:
raise one's hand
举手
He raised his eyes from his work. 他停下工作举目观看。
(2)raise 还有“募集”之意。
常用搭配:
raise money for … 为……募集资金
We'll hold a charity show to raise money for poor children.
我们将举行一个慈善义演来为贫困儿童募集资金。
●4 of one's own 属于某人自己的
Millie has a new bike of her own.
米莉有一辆自己的新自行车。
[拓展] on one's own 意为“单独;独自”,相当于 alone/by oneself 。
You'd better finish the homework on your own.
你最好独自完成家庭作业。
巧辨异同
●1 family, house 和 home
(1)family 意为“家人;家庭成员”。
family 作整体概念的“家庭”讲时,看作单数,作主
语时,谓语动词用单数形式; 作“家庭成员”讲时,看作复数,作主语时,谓语动词用复
数形式。
The whole family are watching TV.
全家人都在看电视。
(2)house 意为“房屋”,侧重居住的建筑物。
There is a river behind the house.
在那座房子的后面有一条河。
(3)home 意为“家”,侧重个人出生、被抚养长大的环境或居住地,含有“家乡;故乡”的
意思。
它具有 house 所没有的感情色彩(如团聚、思念等)。
Her home is far away. 她的家很远。
●2 elder 和 older
(1)elder 表示“年纪较长的”,仅用于同一家庭里的成员的比较; older 则不限于此。
My younger son is five and my elder son is nine.
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我的小儿子 5 岁,大儿子 9 岁。
Tom is two years older than me.
汤姆比我年长两岁。
(2)elder 在句中只作定语,不作表语;older 两者皆可。
My elder sister does her homework all by herself.
我姐姐独自做作业。
I think his mother is older.
我认为他的母亲年龄比较大。
(3)elder 只能用来修饰人;older 既可修饰人,也可修饰物。
This dog is older than any other dog here.
这条狗比这里其他的任何狗都老。
●3 ill 和 sick
ill 和 sick 都有“生病的;有病的”之意,但在用法上有所不同。
(1)ill 表示“生病的;有病的”,在句中一般用作表语,不作定语;而 sick 在句中既可
以作表语又可以作定语,如:
病人”可以说成 a sick man 或 the sick, 但不能说成 an ill
man 或 the ill。
She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。
She is looking after her sick father.
她在照顾她生病的父亲。
(2)sick 还可以表示“恶心的;厌倦的”,ill 无此义。
The smell makes me sick. 这气味使我感到恶心。
(3)ill 作定语修饰名词时,还可译为“坏的;邪恶的”。
He is an ill man. 他是一个邪恶的人。
●4 hear sb do sth 与 hear sb doing sth
(1)hear sb do sth 意为“听到某人做某事”,指动作已经结束或动作经常发生。
I often hear Millie sing in the next room.
我经常听到米莉在隔壁房间里唱歌。
(2)hear sb doing sth 意为“听到某人正在做某事”,指动作正在进行。
When I passed the classroom, I heard a girl singing in it.
当我经过教室的时候,我听到一个女孩儿正在里面唱歌。
[拓展] 在 see, feel, watch, notice 等表示感知的动词后,既可接 v. ing 构成复合
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宾语,也可用不带 to 的动词不定式构成复合宾语。
这两种结构的区别与 hear 的用法类似。
●5 remember to do sth 与 remember doing sth
(1)remember to do sth 意为“记得要做某事”,指这个动作在说话时还未做。
Remember to close the door, please.
请记着把门关上。
(2)remember doing sth 意为“记得做过某事”,指说话时动作已完成。
I remember closing the door. 我记得把门关上了。
[拓展] forget 意为“忘记”,与 remember 的用法类似。
●6 cross, across, crossing 和 through
(1)cross 为动词,意为“穿过,横过”,指从一个平面通过,常用于过桥、河、路、街道
等。
Look left and right before you cross the street.
在你过马路之前要左右看看。
(2)across 为介词,意为“横跨;横穿;穿越”,常与动词 walk, run, go, jump 等连用,
与 cross 基本同义。
Go across the road, and you will find the post office on your left.
穿过这条公路,你会发现邮局就在你的左边。
(3)crossing 为名词,意为“十字路口;交叉处”。
Turn left at the second crossing.
在第二个十字路口处向左转。
(4)through 为介词,意为“穿过;通过”,指从物体的内部穿过。
He walked through the forest alone.
他独自走过了那片森林。
句 型 透 视
●1 Would you like to live in a palace, Eddie?
埃迪,你想住宫殿吗?
[点拨] would like 常用于委婉地提出请求、建议或某种看法。
根据需要可用不同的表达
方式:
would like sth 想要某物;would like to do sth 想要做某事; would like sb
to do sth 想要某人做某事
—Would you like some coffee?
—Yes, please./No, thanks.
“您想喝一些咖啡吗?
” “好的。
/不用了,谢谢。
”
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—Would you like to go with me?
—Yes, I'd like/love to.
“你愿意和我一起去吗?
” “是的,我愿意。
”
●2 —There are twenty restaurants in town. Which is your favourite?
—The biggest one in Fifth Street!
“镇上有二十家餐馆,你最喜欢哪一家?
”
“第五大街上最大的那家!
”
[辨析] one 与 it
(1)one 表示泛指,指代上文出现过的同类事物。
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy a new one.
我找不到我的帽子了。
我想我该去买一顶新的。
(2)it 表示特指,指代上文出现过的同一事物。
I can't find my hat. I don't know where I put it.
我找不到我的帽子了。
我不知道我把它放在哪儿了。
●3 There's something wrong with my computer. 我的电脑出故障了。
[点拨] 句型“There is something wrong with …”意为“……出故障/有毛病”,相当于
“Something is wrong with …”或“…doesn't work. ”或“…is broken.”
[拓展] 句型“There is nothing wrong with …”意为“……没有毛病”。
●4 Why not visit our local theatre and enjoy Beijing opera?
为什么不去参观我
们本地的剧院并欣赏京剧呢?
[点拨] 句型“Why not+动词原形?
”意为“为什么不……呢?
”。
该句型是用来提出建议
的交际用语,相当于“Why don't you +动词原形?
”。
[拓展] 英语中其他表示提建议的句型:
(1)What/How about doing sth?
做某事怎么样?
(2)Let's do sth!
让我们做某事吧!
(3)Shall we do sth?
我们做某事好吗?
(4)You had better (not) do sth 你最好(不)做某事
(5)Would you like (to do)sth?
你想要某物/做某事吗?
(6)Would you please do sth?
请你做某事,好吗?
●5 Go straight on, and you'll find the Panda House. 一直向前走,你们就会看到
熊猫馆。
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[点拨] 这是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型。
and 连接的两个句子是一种顺承关系,祈使
句表示条件或假设;陈述句表示结果或推论。
Study hard, and you'll make great progress.
努力学习,你将会取得很大进步。
[拓展] “祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构可以和 if 引导的条件状语从句互相转换。
Work hard and you will succeed.
=If you work hard, you will succeed.
努力学习,你就会成功的。
Work hard, or you will fail the exam.
=If you don't work hard, you'll fail the exam.
努力学习,否则你将会考试不及格。
●6 How do I get there?
我怎样到那儿?
[点拨] 此句为问路的交际用语。
表达问路的常用句型还有:
(1)Excuse me, where is …?
(2)Can/Could you tell me the way to …?
(3)Which is the way to …?
(4)Can/Could you tell me how to get to …?
(5)Can/Could you tell me how I can get to …?
[拓展] 常用的指路的句型:
(1)Go along the street until you come to the traffic lights.
(2)Turn right/left at the second crossing. (Take the second turning on the
right/left.)
(3)Walk/Go along/down the road.
(4)Go straight on, and you can see …on your left/right.
词 汇 点 睛
●1 rush vi. 冲,奔,闯;匆忙n. 冲;忙碌;争购
[搭配] rush into 跑进去
rush out of… 从……中跑出来
rush hour 上下班的高峰期
She rushed into the room to tell us the news.
她冲进房间告诉我们这个消息。
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●2 fall vi. 倒下;跌下;落下
[搭配] fall in love with … 爱上……
fall over 被……绊倒fall down 落下;跌倒
fall behind 落后;赶不上fall asleep 睡着
fall ill/sick 生病fall off 从……落下
The book fell off the shelf.
这本书从架子上掉了下来。
[拓展] fall 用作名词时,意为“秋天”(美语), 相当于 autumn。
●3 lose vt. 迷失,丢失
[搭配] lose oneself in sth 全神贯注于某事
lose one's way =be/get lost 迷路
lose one's life 丧生
lose one's balance 失去平衡
[拓展]
(1)lost 为形容词,意为“丢失的”,在句中可作定语和表语。
(2)loss 为名词,意为“丧失,损失”。
其常用搭配:
the loss of sth 丧失某物
suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失
●4 happen vi. 发生
[搭配] happen to do sth 碰巧做某事
sth happened to sb 某事发生在某人身上
It happened that …碰巧……
Did you hear what happened to David last night?
你听说戴维昨天晚上发生什么事了吗?
I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.
昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。
●5 teach vt. & vi. 教,教导,教授
[搭配] teach sb sth=teach sth to sb 教某人某事
teach oneself sth =learn sth by oneself 自学某事
teach sb how to do sth 教某人如何做某事
He taught Physics to the students at a college ten years ago.
十年前他在一所大学教物理。
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Who taught you to ride a bicycle?
是谁教你骑自行车的?
He teaches himself English.
=He learns English by himself. 他自学英语。
●6 surprised adj. 吃惊的,惊讶的
[拓展] surprise 用作动词,意为“使惊奇;使感到意外”;用作名词,意为“惊奇;诧异”;
surprising 为形容词,意为“令人感到惊讶的”。
[搭配] be surprised to do sth 做某事很惊讶
be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊讶
in surprise 惊奇地
to one's surprise 使某人感到惊奇的是
I saw him in surprise. 我惊奇地看见了他。
To my surprise, I saw him there.
使我感到惊奇的是, 我在那儿看见了他。
●7 pass vt. 通过;传递vi. 经过,通过
[搭配] pass…to… 把……传给……
pass by 从……旁边经过
pass away (时间等)逝去;终止;消失;去世
Please pass the word to your boss.
请把这句话转告给你的老板。
A coach passed by the shop just a moment ago.
一辆长途汽车刚从那家商店旁边开过去。
The old man passed away yesterday.
那位老人昨天去世了。
●8 trouble n. 麻烦vt. 打扰;使烦恼
[搭配] get into trouble 陷入困境
get sb into/out of trouble 使某人陷入/摆脱困境
in trouble 处于困境中
make/cause trouble 惹麻烦;闹事
have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有麻烦/困难
trouble sb (to do sth) 麻烦某人(做某事)
The boy caused a lot of trouble to his parents.
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这个男孩给他父母惹了很多麻烦。
He was always in trouble. 他总是处于困境中。
I have some trouble (in) learning. 我在学习方面有一些困难。
●9 care vi. 介意;在乎n. 注意;照料
[拓展]
词条
careful
careless
carefully
carelessly
carefulness
carelessness
词性
adj.
adj.
adv.
adv.
n.
n.
意义
小心的,仔细的
粗心的
小心地,仔细地
粗心地,不注意地
细心
粗心
[搭配] take care/be careful/look out 当心;注意
care for 喜欢;照顾care about 关心;在乎,在意
take care of 照料;爱护
take good care of sb/look after sb well
好好照顾某人
●10 put out 扑灭,熄灭
[拓展] 与 put 有关的短语:
put away 把……收起来
put on 穿上;上演
put…into… 把……放进……
put up 建造;张贴;举起来
put one's heart into … 全心全意做……
put down 放下;写下,记下;镇压
put off 延期;推迟
●11 as…as… 和……一样……
[点拨] as…as…意为“和……一样……”,表示前后两者在某方面程度相同,中间要用形
容词或副词的原级。
He is as busy as ever. 他和以前一样忙。
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He listens as carefully as Mike in class.
课堂上,他听讲和迈克一样认真。
[拓展] as…as…的否定形式为“not as/so…as…”, 意为“不像……那样……”。
Jack isn't as/so old as he looks. 杰克不像他看起来那么老。
巧辨异同
●1 answer 和 reply
(1)answer 既可作动词,也可作名词,意为“回答;答复”。
它既可用作及物动词,也可用
作不及物动词。
You haven't answered my question yet. 你还没有回答我的问题。
I asked her the time but she gave no answer.
我问她几点了,但她没有回答。
[搭配] answer one‘s question 回答某人的问题
answer one's letter 给某人回信
answer the telephone 接电话answer the door 应门铃声开门
(2)reply 既可作动词,也可作名词, 指较正式的、经过考虑后的“答复”。
它用作不及物
动词时,只有加上介词 to 后,才能跟宾语;用作及物动词时,后面常接从句或直接引语。
Be sure to reply to me as soon as possible.
务必尽快回复我。
[搭配] reply to 回答,答复
make no reply 不作答复
●2 sound, voice 和 noise
(1)sound 泛指“声音”,指一切可以听到的声音。
sound 还可以用作连系动词,意为“听
起来”,后接形容词作表语。
sound like 表示“听起来像”,后接名词。
Sound travels slower than light.
声音比光传播速度慢。
(2)voice 意为“嗓音”,指人的说话声或唱歌声。
at the top of one's voice 意为“扯
着嗓子”。
“I'm tired and I want to have a rest ,” I said in a low voice. “我很累, 我
想休息。
” 我低声说。
(3)noise 意为“噪声;吵闹声”,常具有贬义,表示令人心烦的、不和谐的“嘈杂声;噪
声;响声”。
它可用 a, some, any, much 等词修饰,但不可用 many 修饰。
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Try not to make any noise when you go into the bedroom. 当你进入卧室时, 尽量
不要弄出声音来。
●3 not…any more 和 not…a