厦门大学 阅读及英美文学语言学基础真题.docx

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厦门大学 阅读及英美文学语言学基础真题.docx

厦门大学阅读及英美文学语言学基础真题

机密★启用前和使用过程中

厦门大学2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生

入学考试试题

科目代码:

814

科目名称:

阅读及英美文学、语言学基础

招生专业:

英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言

考生须知:

答题书写须使用黑(蓝)色字迹钢笔、签字笔或圆珠笔;各类答案(包括选择题、填空题)均须写在答题纸上规定处,不得直接在试卷(试题纸)或草稿纸上作答;凡未按上述规定作答均不予评阅、判分,后果考生自负。

PartOneReadingComprehension70points

Passage1

In1575—over400yearsago—theFrenchscholarLouisLeRoypublishedaleanedbookinwhichhevoiceddespairoverthechangescausedbythesocialandtechnologicalinnovationsofhistime,whatwenowcalltheRenaissance.Wealsofeelthatourtimesareoutofjoint;weevenhavereasontobelievethatourdescendantswillbeworseoffthanweare.

Theearthwillsoonbeovercrowdedanditsresourcesexhausted.Pollutionwillruintheenvironment,upsetheclimate,damagehumanhealth.Thegapinlivingstandardsbetweentherichandthepoorwillwidenandleadtheangry,hungrypeopleoftheworldtoactsofdesperationincludingtheuseofnuclearweaponsasblackmail.Sucharetheinevitableconsequencesofpopulationandtechnologicalgrowthifpresenttrendscontinue.

Thefutureisneveraprojectionofthepast.Animalsprobablyhavenochoicetoescapefromthetyrannyofbiologicalevolution,buthumanbeingsareblessedwiththefreedomofsocialevolution.Forus,trendisnotdestiny.Theescapefromexistingtrendsisnowfacilitatedbythefactthatsocietiesanticipatefuturedangersandtakepreventivestepsagainstexpectedchanges.

Despitethewidespreadbeliefthattheworldhasbecometoocomplexforcomprehensionbythehumanbrain,modernsocietieshaveoftenrespondedeffectivelytocriticalsituations.Thedecreaseinbirthrates,thepartialprohibitionofpesticidesandtherethinkingoftechnologicaloftheproductionanduseofenergyarebutafewexamplesillustratingasuddenreversaloftrendscausednotbypoliticalupsetsorscientificbreakthroughs,butbypublicawarenessofconsequences.

Evenmorestrikingarethesituationsinwhichsocialattitudesconcerningfuturedifficultiesundergorapidchangesbeforetheproblemshavecometopass—witnesstheheatedargumentsabouttheproblemsofbehaviourcontrolandofgeneticengineeringeventhoughthereisasyetnoproofthateffectivemethodscanbedevelopedtomanipulatebehaviourandgenesonapopulationscale.

Oneofthecharacteristicsofourtimesisthustherapiditywithwhichstepscanbetakentochangetheorientationofcertaintrendsandeventoreversethem.Suchchangesusuallyemergefromgrassrootmovementsratherthanfromofficialdirectives.

1.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph1?

A)Futurewillalwaysbeworseoffthanpresent

B)Worryaboutfutureseemstobeinheritedinhumanbeings.

C)Itisunnecessarytoworryaboutfuture

D)Itisjustifiedtoworryaboutfuture

2.Accordingtothereadingselection,ifpresenttrendscontinue,whichoneofthefollowingsituationswillnotoccur?

A)Anoverpopulatedearthwillbeunabletosustainitsinhabitants.

B)Therichwillbecomericherandthepoorwillbecomepoorer.

C)Newsourcesofenergyformvastcoaldepositswillbesubstitutedforthesoon-to-be-exhaustedresourcesofoilandnaturalgas

D)Theeffectsofpollutionwillrendertheearthanditsatmosphereathreattomankind.

3.Thebestillustrationofthemeaningof“trendisnotdestiny”inPara.3is______.

A)humanbeingsareblessedwiththefreedomofsocialevolution

B)theworldhasbecometoocomplexforcomprehensionbyhumanbrain

C)criticalprocessedcanovershootandcausecatastrophes

D)theearthwillsoonbeovercrowdedanditsresourcesexhausted

4.Accordingtothepassage,evidencesoftheinsightofthepublicintodangerwhichsurrounduscanbefoundinallofthefollowingexcept______.

A)adeclineinbirthrate

B)oppositiontotheuseofpesticides

C)publicmeetingstocomplainaboutdumpingchemicalsinpowerproductionandenergyuse

D)anincreaseinthemilitarybudgetbythepresident

5.Theauthorisinfavouriftheopinionthat______.

A)nuclearweaponswon’tplayaprominentroleindealingsamongpeople

B)peoplefeelpowerlesswhenconfrontedwiththesuddenreversaloftrendcausedbyscientificadvances

C)modernscientistsandthepublicareconsciousofthefuturedangersandreadytotake

D)ourtimeischaracterizedbythetrendofrapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywhichisinevitableandirreversible

Passage2

Whentheprivateautomobilebegantoarriveonthesceneearlyinthiscentury,mosturbanandruralareasenjoyedratheradequatepublictransitsystems.Infact,theelectrictram—hereinthiscountrycalledstreetcarortrolley—wasconqueringtheworld.Itwasclearlyatimetorecognizeandappreciateagoodthingwhenonesawis.Andgoodtheywere,thoseelectricstreetrailways.

Wecouldconsiderforeverastowhethertheauthoritiesstoppedtothinkhardenoughabouttheimplicationsoftheprivatecar,whichwasinitiallyintendedonlyforthedistinguished.Iftheyhad,theircorrectconclusioncouldhardlyhavebeenanythingelsebutsevereshrinkageifnotatotalprohibition.Nothingofthesortdidhappen,andthedisastrousconsequenceshavebeenwithuseversince—andtheyaregettingworseallthetime.

Whilefeelingsorryforthisdevelopment,mostcommentatorstakeforgrantedthatitistoolatetoreversethiscourseofevents;thecostswouldbeprohibitive,toomanypeoplewouldresist,andwewouldbeleftwithwpermanentfeelingofregretandshameforallthewastedresources,human,monetaryandnatural,ifweshouldhavetostartallover.

Nevertheless,anoppositeviewpresentsitself.Thoughitwouldhavebeenvastlypreferableifgovernmentshadalwayspaidattentiontotheoldsaying,“Toruleistoforesee”,thetrendinthiscenturyhasbeen“Seeingisbelieving”.Iftheprivatecarhadbeenstoppedsuddenly,peoplewouldhavecontinuedtothirstforit,refusingtobelievethattravelingbycarsimplycouldnotworkonanylargescale.Sothelesson,howevercostlyithasbeen,maybeseenashistoricallyunavoidableamongpeoplewhoarelessthanperfect.

Havingcometothisconclusion,weoughttobeginimmediatelywithagradualwithdrawalofprivateautosinfavourofpublictransitvehicles.Oneparticularobstaclemustbeovercomeinthiseffort:

thefalseideathatweneedmasstransitonlyduringrushhours,andthatcarsarenoprobleminthequietoftheday.

Inmyopinion,masstransitshouldbebuiltupasrapidlyaspossibletobecomesoattractivethatmoreandmorepeoplewilldecideforreplacingtheircarswhenthetimeisup,for,ashasbeenstressedinmuchoftheliteratureonthesubject,today’spopulationhasnotreallychosenthem.Instead,forlackofanalternative,theautowasforcedonus.

6.Theauthorconsidersthedisastrousconsequencesbroughtaboutbytheprivatecarasunavoidablebecause_______.

A)itistoolatetoreversethedevelopmentoftheprivatecar

B)manypeoplewillresistthischangebecauseofalltheresourceswasted

C)peoplewillnotdiscardtheprivatecaruntiltheyareawareofitsgraveside

D)thegovernmentfailedtopayattentiontotheoldsaying:

“Toruleistoforesee”.

7.Whentheprivateautomobilecameintobeingearlyinthiscentury,________.

A)theauthoritiesdidnotthinkhardenoughaboutitsimplications

B)theauthoritiesgaveuptheirinitialoppositiontothistransportationmeans

C)thepublictransitsystemcouldnolongermeettheever-increasingdemandsofthepublic

D)theelectrictramwasalreadyonthedeclineinfaceofthemoreadvancedtransitmeans

8.WhentheauthorsayinParagraph3“Iftheyhad,theircorrectconclusioncouldhardlyhavebeenanythingelsebutsevereshrinkageifnotatotalprohibition.”,hemeans_______.

A)theauthoritieswererightintheissueofprivatecars.

B)itwaswrongtogetridofprivatecars.

C)itistimetoprohibitprivatecars.

D)theauthoritiesmadecorrectdecisionsaboutprivatecars.

9.Theword“perfect”(inPara.4)mostprobablymeans_________.

A)accurateB)faultlessC)skilfulD)ultimate

10.Intheauthor’sopinion,thegeneralpublicareusingtheprivatecarbecause_________.

A)theythinkitisnoprobleminthequietoftheday

B)thereishardlyenoughpublictransitavailableinmostareas

C)itpresentsanirresistibleattractiontothem

D)theydonothaveasatisfactorysubstitute

Passage3

Within80years,somescientistsestimate,theworldmustproducemorethaneighttimesthepresentworldfoodsupply.Theproductivenessofthesearaisesourhopesforanadequatefoodsupplyinthefuture.Aidedbymenofscience,wehavesetforthtofindoutthat70percentoftheearthremainsunexplored—theoceandepths.Thus,wemaybetterdiscoverandutilizethesea’snaturalproductsfortheworld’shungry.

Itisfishproteinconcentratethatissoughtfromtheseas.ByutilizingtheunharvestedfishinUnitedStateswatersalone,enoughfishproteinconcentratecanbeobtainedtoprovidesupplementalanimalproteinforonebillionpeopleforoneyearatthecostoflessthanhalfacentperdayperperson.Themalnutritionofchildrenisterriblytragic.Butthecrimeliesinsociety’sunrestrainedbreeding,notinitsnegligenceinproducingfishpowder,butwhereverthepopulationprojectsarecarefullyconsidered,theanswertotheproblemissomethinglikethis:

Therearefewprojectsthatcoulddomoretoraisethenutritionallevelofmankindthanafull-scalescientificefforttodeveloptheresourcesofthesea.Eachyearsomethirtymilliontonsoffoodproductsaretakenfromthesea,whichaccountfor12percentoftheworld’sanimalproteins.Nationswiththeirswellingpopulationsmustpushforwardintotheseafrontiersforfoodsupply.Privateindustr

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