重点英语报刊选读作业答案11.docx

重点英语报刊选读作业答案11.docx

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重点英语报刊选读作业答案11

[重点]英语报刊选读作业答案11

《英语报刊选读》作业答案

作业

（1）

A.MultipleChoices.

1.A2.C3.C4.A5.B6.C7.A

8.B9.C

10.A、D、E、H、I

B.Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyaretrue

（T）orfalse（F）.

True:

1、4、5、8

False:

2、3、6、7

作业

（2）

Keys:

1.Givethedefinitionofthefollowingterms.

1）feature

aprominentorspecialarticle,story,ordepartmentina

newspaperorperiodical.

2）editorial

anarticleinapublicationexpressingtheopinionofitseditorsor

publishers.

3）op-ed

oforbeinganewspaperpage,usuallyoppositetheeditorial

page,thatfeaturessignedarticlesexpressingpersonal

viewpoints

4）invertedpyramid

Theinvertedpyramidisatraditionalformofwritinginwhichthe

newsisstackedinparagraphsinorderofdescending

importance.Theleadsummarizestheprincipalitemsofanews

event.Thesecondparagraphandeachsucceedingparagraph

containsecondaryorsupportingdetailsinorderofdecreasing

significance.Alltheparagraphsinthestorycontainnewsworthy

information,buteachparagraphislessvitalthantheonebefore

it.Inverted-pyramidformputstheclimaxofastoryatthe

beginning,inthelead.

5）lead

Aleadisaterseopeningparagraphthatprovidesthegistofthe

storyandinvitesreadersinside.

2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenhardnewsandsoftnews?

Hardnewsevents,suchaskillings,andspeechesbyleadinggovernmentofficials,aretimelyandarereportedalmostautomaticallybythemedia.Softnewsevents,suchasacarwashbyafourth-graderstoraisemoneyforaclassmatewithcancer,arenotusuallyconsideredimmediatelyimportantortimelytoawideaudience.Theseeventsstillcontainelementsofnews,however,andthemediaoftenreportthem.

3.Whatisthedifferencebetweennewsandfeatures?

Anewsstoryemphasizesthefactsoftheevent,whilethefeaturedisplacesthefactstoaccommodatethehumaninterestofthestory.

4.Whatarethemajorcriteriafornewsworthiness?

Proximity

Prominence

Timeliness

Impact

ConflictandControversy

Uniqueness

Humaninterest

5.Whataretheprinciplesofnewswriting?

Newswritingtendstobe:

1.Impersonaltomakeitappearobjective（todistancethe

reporterfromthestory）hence:

–Writteninthethirdperson

–Useofdirectspeechorindirectspeechwhichisattributed

tosomeoneotherthanthereporter,

–Someuseofpassiveverbsbutusuallyonlywhen

someonewhoisbeingquotedwantstodistance

themselvesfromanissueandtoshowobjectivelyaboutn

issue.

2.Aboutsomethingthathastakenplacesomostlywritteninthepasttense.

3.Simple–Infactclosetothewaywetalk–relativelyshort

sentencesandwordsandsomeuseofclichéswhichthewholeaudienceunderstand.

4.Punchy–itmustgrabthereader’sattentionsooftenuses:

–shortratherthanlongwords

–activeverbs

–relativelyshortsentences

–concreteratherthanabstractvocabulary

–sometimesemotiveandcolorfulvocabulary

–someuse（butnotoveruse）ofadjectives

5.Butalsorelativelyformalhence:

–nouseofcontractions

–sentenceswritteninfull（noelision）orellipticalsentences

6.sometimesimageryisusedtohelpcreateaclearermentalpictureforthereader.

7.oftenincludingthereporter’sby-lineand/oradate-line

6.Readthefollowingheadlinesandanalyzethefeaturesofthelanguagetheyuse.

a）MoreIraqisSaidtoFleeSinceTroopRise

Whenpassivevoiceisusedinheadlines,“tobe”isalwaysomitted.Here“are”in“MoreIraqisaresaidtoflee…”isomitted.Nounsandnounphrasesareoftenusedinheadlinestosavespace.Nounphraseswhichactuallyexpressactionsorstateareheavilyused,andtheyarederivedfromverbphrasesinordertomakethesentencesmorecompactandsavespacewithoutloweringtheamountofinformationconveyed.Insteadof“sincethetrooprises”,nounphrase“trooprise”isused.

b）Insurgentraidkills22villagers

Mostheadlinesusethepresenttense-despitethefactthattheygenerallydescribepastevents.Thepresenttensegivesthesubjectasenseoffreshnessandimmediacy,makingitmoreinterestingtoread.Insteadofusing“killed”,“kills”isusedtodescribewhathappenedinthepast.Besides,thearticle“An”in“aninsurgentraid”isomitted.

c）BangladeshSetsCurfewToCurbStudentProtests

Shortwords（i.e.midgetwords）areoftenusedtoconservespaceinheadlines,forexample,“curb”inthisheadline.Besides,presenttense“sets”isusedtodescribeapastevent.

d）StormDeathTollinMidwestClimbs

1.Compactnounphrasesareoftenusedinheadlinestosavespace.

2.Mostheadlinesusethepresenttense-despitethefactthattheygenerallydescribepastevents.

e）WallStreetslightlylowerascreditworrieslinger

Rhetoricdevicesoftenusedinthewritingofnewspaperheadlines.

Inthisheadline,WallStreetreferstothestockexchange,whichisametonymy.Anotherrhetoricdeviceusedhereisrhyme（Correspondenceofterminalsoundsofwordsoroflinesofverse）,aswefindinlowerandlinger.

f）Chinalaunchescrackdownoninferiorgoods,unsafefood

Inordertoconservespaceinheadlines,commaissometimes

usedtoreplace“and”.

g）ChinatobecomeU.S.thirdlargestexportmarketbyyear

end

Inphraseheadlines,infinitivesaresometimesusedtoindicatea

futureactionorevent.

7.Whatdothefollowingabbreviationsandacronymsstandfor?

1）CPPCCChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference中国人民政治协商会议

2）NASANationalAeronauticsandSpace

Administration（美国）国家航空和宇宙航行局

3）IMFInternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金组织

4）WHOWorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织

5）DJIDow-JonesIndex道?

琼斯指数

6）PMprimeminister首相;总理

7.Readthefollowingnewsstoryandanswerthefollowing

questions.

1.Whatistheheadlineofthereport?

Sprawlputshousesinhotzones

2.Whatisthesubheadingofthereport?

Lackoffirehydrantsagrowingproblem

3.Whatisthebylineofthereport?

ByJosephGidjunis

USATODAY

4.Whatisthedatelineofthereport?

Salisbury,Md

作业三:

社会群体与政治体制

Lesson4

Answerstothequestions

1.C2.A3.C4.A

1.Shefeelsblessed,becauseshehasachancetobewhoshe

reallyisanddoeswhatshelovesdoingalldaylong.

2.CarolRyffhasdefinedwell-beingasthepresenceofsixqualities:

independence,theabilitytocopewithcomplexdemands,a

feelingofgrowthasaperson,goodrelationships,goalsthatgive

lifemeaning,andanacceptanceoftheselfandthepast.

3.CarolTavris’motherwastreatedasapatient.Herdoctorand

therapistandhusbandwerequicktoascribeallillstoher

“condition”.Theyallregardedmenopauseasadiseasetobe

cured.Herdoctoraskedheralotofquestions,thenwroteouta

prescriptionforherandleftherhavetheprescriptionfilled.

4.ReverentFosterthinksthatthereisalotoffreedominmidlife.

Shesuggeststhatmiddle-agedwomenshouldlettheirpastgo,

incorporateitintowhotheyarenowandstepintothefuture.

Lesson7

Answerstothequestions

1.C2.B3.C4.D

5.Becauseformanyyears,politiciansspokelittleabouttheir

personalfaith.BothEisenhowerandKennedywereunwillingto

talkabouttheirownreligiousfaith.

6.BecauseEisenhowerandKennedywereoperatinginan

AmericawheremanyProtestants,CatholicsandJewsregarded

eachotherasthreatstothepublicgood.Stirringupsuch

feelingswasdangerous.

7.CartercarriedevangelicalChristians,whichhelpedhimsweep

theSouthandrunwellinruralareas.

8.Theauthorbelievesthatthereisacloserelationshipbetween

religionandpolitics,butcandidatesshouldkeepreligionwithin

appropriatebounds.

AdditionalReading

1.TheborderwallisplannedtobebuiltthisfalltostemillegalimmigrationintoAmerica.

2.Landownersareconcerneditmaycutacrosstheirproperty,conservationistsseeitdestroyingcrucialriversidehabitat,andsomeactivistsseeitinflamingethnictensions.

3.Itisanexpressionoffriendshipbetweentwomayors,twocitiesandtwocountries.

4.Theborderwallisneededtohelpblocktheswellingtideofillegalimmigrationaswellaswidespreaddrugandgunsmuggling.

5.BecausetheMexicangovernmenthasfaileditsownpeopleandMexicanswereforcedtogonorthseekingjobsbecauseofthepovertytheyfacedathome.

作业四:

家庭婚姻与教育卫生

Lesson12

Answerstothequestions

1.D2.D3.C4.D

5.WhentheyfoundtheirmarriageflounderingoverStephen’s

inabilitytokeephispromises,theyattendeda

marriage-educationcoursetolearnthecommunicationskills.

Afterawhiletheyfeltthatworkingontheirmarriagewasallthey

weredoing.Tooffsetthatfeeling,theyinstitutedaThursdaydate

nightwherediscussionofanythingseriousisstrictlyforbidden.

6.Hesuggestscouplessetupweeklymeetingstodiscuss

differenceswhentheycanbecalmandopentonewideas.

7.Theydecidedtorenewtheircommitmenttotheirmarriage

insteadofchoosingdivorce.Thebeliefincommitmentmade

themcomethroughthecrisis.Thehusbandchangedhisoutlook

andgotajobasasalesman.Today,theirmarriageisbackon

solidground.

8.Hethinksthatasthebetrayalcausesdeephurt,thewoundsto

healwilltakealongtime.Hesuggeststhattheonewhohas

madethemistakehastoworkveryhardtoregainthetrustofthe

otherside.

Lesson15

Answerstothequestions

1.B2.C3.A4.B

9.Accordingtoher,thereasonisthatmedicalinflationhas

outstrippedtheincreasesinMedicarereimbursementand

causedmountinglosses.

10.BecausetheCongressintendedtoreversetheexodusfromthe

Medicareprogram.

11.HethinksthattheCongresscon