湖南省汝城二中高考英语一轮复习 阅读训练26.docx

湖南省汝城二中高考英语一轮复习 阅读训练26.docx

《湖南省汝城二中高考英语一轮复习 阅读训练26.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《湖南省汝城二中高考英语一轮复习 阅读训练26.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

湖南省汝城二中高考英语一轮复习阅读训练26

湖南省汝城二中2014届高考英语一轮复习阅读训练（26）

第二部分：

阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）

第一节：

阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。

A

UntilIwastwelveyearsold,Ithoughteveryoneintheworldknewaboutthegrinnies,ifIthoughtaboutthetermatall—whichisunlikely.Afterall,everyoneinmyfamilyusedthewordquitenaturally,andweunderstoodeachother.SofarasIknew,itwasawordlikeanyotherword—likebath,orchocolate,orhomework.Butitwasmyhomeworkwhichledtomydiscoverythatgrinnieswasawordnotknownoutsidemyfamily.

MylastreportcardhadsaidthatIwasa“C”studentinEnglish,andmyparents,bothteachers,decidedthatnochildoftheirswouldbejustanaveragestudentofanything.SonightlyIspelledwordsaloudandansweredquestionsaboutthefinepointsofgrammar.IwroteandrewroteandrewroteeverycompositionuntilIconvincedmymotherthatIcouldmakenomoreimprovements.Andthehardworkpaidoff.Onedaytheteacherreturnedcompositions,andthereitwas—abigfat,brightre

d“A”onthetopofmypaper.Naturally,Iwasdelighted,butIdidn’tknowIwasattractingattentionuntiltheteacherspokesharply,“Helen,whatareyoudoing?

”

Calledsuddenlyoutofmyhappythoughts,Isaid“Oh,I’vegotthegrinnies!

”Theteacherandmyclassmatesburstintolaughter,andthenIunderstoodthatgrinnieswereusedinsidemyfamily.Otherpeoplewerenotsolucky.

Anditisreallyluckytohavethegrinnies,anuncontrollable,naturalstateofgreatpleasure.Grinniesareshownontheoutsidebysparklingeyesandawide,widesmile—notjustanysmile,butonethatshowstheteethandstretchesthemouthtoitslimits.

Apersonexperiencingthegrinniesappearstobeallmouth.Ontheinsidegrinniesarecharacterizedbyafeelingofjoyfulanxiety.Grinniesusuallylastjustafewseconds,buttheycancomeandgo.Someti

mes,whenlifeseemsjustperfect,Ihaveoccasionalattacksofthegrinniesforawholeday.

Thetermoriginatedinmymother’sfamily.Heryoungersister,Rose,whohaddeepdimples（酒窝）,oftenexpressedherpleasurewithsuchagrinthatthedimplesappearedtobecomepermanent.WhenRosewasaboutfour,shestartedexplainingherfunnylookbysaying,“Ihavethegrinnies”.Thetermcaughton,andithasbeenanimportantwordinourfamilynowfortwogenerations.

Theoccasiondoesn’tmatter.Anythingcanbringonthegrinnies—justsolongasonefeelsgreatdelight.Whenmybrotherfinallyrodehisbicycle—withouttrainingwheels—fromourhousetothecornerandback,hecamehomewiththegrinnies.WhenIwaslittle,mymother’sannouncementthatwewouldhavehomemadeicec

reamfordessertalwaysgavemethegrinnies.MyfatherhadthegrinnieswhenIwaschosentomakeaspeechattheend-of-school-yearceremony.Grinniescanbebroughtonbyagoodmeal,asenseofpride,anewfriend,atelephonecallfromsomeonespecial,anachievement.Orsometimesonegetsthegrinniesfornoreasonatall:

justasuddensenseofhappinesscanbringonacase.Whateverbringsthemon,anattackofthegrinniesisamonglife’sgreatestpleasures.

Infact,nowthatIlookbackontheexperience,Ifeelsorryformyseventh-gradeteacher.Ithinkit’sapitythatshedidn’tknowthewordgrinnies.It’ssuchausefultermforsaying,“I’mreally,reallypleased!

”

41.Afterthewriterwastwelveyearsold,she______.

A.thoughteveryoneknewthemeaningof“grinnies”

B.equaled“grinnies”tobathorchocolateinmeaning

C.gottoknow“grinnies”wasusedonlyinsideherfamily

D.discoveredtheword“grinnies”throughhermother

42.WhenherEnglishteachercalledhername,thewriterwas______.

A.lookingatthebig“A”onthetopofherpaper

B.listeningtoherEnglishteacherattentively

C.toohappytonoticewhat’shappeningaroundher

D.busyrewritingandimprovinghercompositions

43.Accordingtothewriter,theword“grinnies”originatesfrom______.

A.hermotherB.heraunt

C.herbrotherD.herfather

44.Thewriterfeelssorryforherseventh-gradeteacherbecausetheteacher______.

A.hasnopityonherstudents

B.shouldnothavelaughedather

C.doesn’thaveanylucktomeetherparent

D.hasnoideaofwhat“grinnies”is

45.Whatmethoddoesthewriterusetoexplain“grinnies”?

A.Causeandeffect.B.Examples.

C.Comparisonandcontrast.D.Process.

B

BelowisapagefromTheWorldAlmanac（年鉴）andBookofFacts2008.

46.Whichparkhas365milesofexploredundergroundpassages?

A.Arches,UT.B.CuyahogaValley,OH.

C.Acadia,ME.D.MammothCave,KY.

47.InwhichyearwasChannelIslandsfirstauthorizedasaprotectionsiteforsealions,seabirdsanduniqueplants?

A.1929.B.1938.C.1978.D.1980.

48.Theworld’stallesttreesarefoundin_______.

A.Redwood,CAB.GatesoftheArctic,AK

C.Canyonlands,UTD.KingsCanyon,CA

49.In1917,thenationalparkDenaliwasnamedas_______.

A.BlackCanyonoftheGunnisonB.MountDesertIsl.

C.Mt.McKinleyNationalParkD.RockyMountain

C

Bonus（奖金）culturehasbecomethesubjectofmanystudiesnowadays.Manypeoplehavebeenangeredbythewaysomebankersandhighofficialsseemtohavebeenrewardedforfailure.Othersfindtheideaofofferingmany-million-dollarbonusesmorallydisgusting.

Butfewhaveaskedwhetherperformance-relatedbonusesreallydoimproveperformance.Theanswerseemssoobviousthateventoaskthequestioncanappearridiculous.Indeed,inspiteofallthecomplaintsaboutthem,financialencouragementscontinuetobeintroducedinmoreandmoreareas,fromhealthcareandpublicservicestoteachinganduniversities.

Soitmaycomeasashocktomanytolearnthatpayingforresultscanactuallymakepeopleperformbadlyinmanycircumstances,andthatthemoreyoupay,theworsetheyperform.

Nooneisarguingthatbonusescanhelpcompaniesandinstitutionsattractandkeepthebeststaff.Nordoesanyoneargueagainsttheideathatyoucanencouragepeopletodospecifictasksbylinkingpaymentstothosetasks.Rather,thepointisabouthowtogetthebestoutofpeople.Doemployeesreallyperformbetterifyoupromisetopaythemmoreforgettingresults?

Therearesomeobviousreasonswhysuchpaymentscanfail.Ithasbeenargued,forinstance,thatcashbonusescontributedtothefinancialcrash,becausetradershadlittleenthusiasmtomakesurethattheircompaniesenjoyedlong-termsurvival.

Mostbonusprojectsarepoorlydesigned,saysProfessorMalcolmHiggs.Hethinksthereasonisthatorganisationstrytokeepbonusarrangementssimple.Nevertheless,hethinksbonusprojectscanworkaslongastheylinktheinterestsofindividualemployeeswiththelong-termgoalsofabusiness.

Bonusescanalsoencouragecheating.“Onceyoustartmakingpeople’srewardsdependentonoutcomesratherthanbehaviours,theevidenceispeoplewilldowhatevertheycantogetthoseoutcomes,”saysProfessorEdwardDeci.“Inmanycasesthehighofficialssimplyliedandcheatedtomakethestock（股票）pricegoupsotheygothugebonuses.”

ButtheworkofDeciandotherssuggeststheproblemwithbonusesrunsfardeeperthanpoordesignorcheating.In1971,heaskedstudentstosolvepuzzles,withsomereceivingcashprizesfordoingwellandothersgettingnothing.Decifoundthoseofferedcashwerelesslikelytokeepworkingonpuzzlesaftertheyhaddoneenoughtogetpaid.

Thesestudiessuggestthatofferingrewardscanstoppeopledoingthingsforthepurejoyofit.ThiswasthebasisforaseriesofbooksbyKohninwhichhearguesthatrewardingchildren,studentsandworkerswithgrades,scholarshipsandother“bribes”（贿赂）leadstolow-qualityworkinthelongrun.

Thosewhobelieveinthepowerofbonusesfailtodistinguishbetweeninnerdriveandoutsidepressure—wantingtodosomethingbecauseyoulikeitforitselfincontrasttodoingsomethingbecauseyouwantthereward,Kohnsays.“It’snotjustthatthesetwoaredifferent,it’softenthatthemoreyourewardpeoplefordoingsomething,themoretheirinnerdrivetendstodecline.”

A“dothisandgetthat”approachmightimproveperformanceintheshortterm,butoverlongerperiodsitwillalwaysfail,Kohnsays.Peoplewhoreceivebonuswillnaturallyplaysafe,becomelesscreative,cooperatelessandfeellessvalued,headds.What’smore,thestudiesalsosuggestthatofferingrewardscanalsostoppeopletakingresponsibility.

50.Theeffectofperformance-relatedbonuseshasnotbeenwellstudiedbecausepeople_______.

A.takethefunctionofbonusesforgranted

B.seethatbonusofferingisdoneeverywhere

C.thinkfinancialencouragementisdisgusting

D.areshockedbythepracticeofrewardingforfailures

51.AccordingtoMalcolmHiggs,designsthat_________arethegoodones.

A.drivepeopletofinishshort-termtasks

B.helptoattractandkeepgoodemployees

C.linkfinancialrewardswiththequalityoftheoutcomes

D.connectindividualinterestswithlong-termbusinessgoals

52.Ifapersonplayssafetogetabonus,heisprobablybeing________.

A.moreenthusiasticB.morerisk-taking

C.lessdaringD.lessresponsible

53.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinktheauthorwouldmostprobablyagreewith?

A.Companiesshouldmaketheirbonusprojectssimple.

B.Thebenefitofbonushelpstogetthebestoutofpeople.

C.Thebiggestproblemwithbonusisitcreatescheating.

D.Bonusofferingcanstoppeopledoingthingsforpurejoy.

54.Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.WhatIsBonus?

B.DoesBonusWork?

C.WhyBonusOffered?

D.HowBonusWorks?

D

Whichissillier:

denyingweeverwenttothemoonortryingtoconvincethetruenonbeli