牛津上海版 九年级第一学期Unit5 The human brain语法综合讲解与复习.docx

牛津上海版 九年级第一学期Unit5 The human brain语法综合讲解与复习.docx

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牛津上海版九年级第一学期Unit5Thehumanbrain语法综合讲解与复习

U5Thehumanbrain语法综合

一、专题导入

课文知识点

对应语法点

课文例句

ifsentences:

actionswithdefiniteresults

主句动作/状态是确切结果的条件状从

Ifyoustickapinintoaballoon,itbursts.

ifsentences:

actionswithpossibleresults

主句动作/状态是可能结果的条件状从

Ifyouusethelinkmethod,youwillimproveyourmemory.

Usingif…notandunless

if...not与unless的句型转换

Unlessyoukeepicecreaminafreezer,itmelts.

=Ifyoudon’tkeepicecreaminafreezer,itmelts.

二、专题详解

◆状语从句基本知识

1、概念

Istudyhardinthelibrary.（修饰动词）

Sheisverybeautiful.（修饰形容词）

HespeaksEnglishverywell.（修饰副词）

Pleasecomeheretomorrow.（修饰整个句子）

IstudiedveryhardwhenIwasingrade9.（when引导的句子表时间，修饰前面的句子）

Ifyoustudyhard,youmaypasstheexam.（If引导的句子表条件，修饰后面的句子）

由以上例句可见：

状语相当于副词，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、地点、程度等；

状语从句是在复合句中充当状语的一个句子，用来表示主句动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件等。

2、分类

（1）Whenthecatisaway,themicewillplay.山中无老虎，猴子称大王。

（2）Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。

（3）Ifyouventurenothing,youwillhavenothing.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

（4）DoasRomansdoinRome.入乡随俗。

（5）IstudieshardbecauseIwanttobeadmittedtoShanghaiHighSchool.我努力学习因为我想被上海中学录取

（6）IstudieshardsothatIcanbeadmittedtoShanghaiHighSchool.我努力学习因为我想被上海中学录取

（7）IstudiedsohardthosedaysthatIwasadmittedtoShanghaiHighSchoolfinally.那些日子我学得如此努力，最终我被上海大学录取了。

（8）Thoughhestudiedhard,hefailedtopasstheexam.尽管他学得很努力，他还是没通过考试。

（9）The work didn’t go so smoothly as we expected.这项工作不像我们预期的那样进展顺利。

由以上例句可见，

状语从句可分为：

◆条件状语从句

if引导的句子在复合句中表示条件，作主句的条件状语，因此称为条件状语从句。

译为“假如，如果”。

e.g.Youwillneverwinifyouloseyouheart.

Ifyoucoolwater,itturnsintoice.

if引导的条件状语从句位置灵活：

可置于主句之前，此时需用逗号将主从句隔开；也可置于主句之后，此时不用逗号。

1、主句动作/状态是确切结果的条件状语从句

当条件状语从句所表示的动作发生后，顺推可知，一定会引出主句所表示的动作/状态，则主从句时态遵循一致原则，通常为主现从现。

e.g.Ifyoudonotgiveplantswater,theydie.

Ifyouplantsseedsinsoil,theygrow.

Ifyoutakeafishoutofwater,itdies.如果把鱼从水里抓出来，它会死。

2、主句动作/状态是可能结果的条件状语从句

当条件状语从句所表示的动作发生后，主句的动作/状态不确定，则主从句时态遵循：

主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现、主过从过

e.g.Ifyoudon’tgetuprightnow,Youwillbelateforschool.如果你不马上起床,你上学就要迟到了。

YoucanunderstandwhatI’msayingifyoulistentomeclearly.如果你仔细听，你会听懂我在说什么的。

Ifwewantlight,wemustconquerdarkness.我们若想要光明，就得征服黑暗。

Iflovebetweenthetwocanlastforlong,whyneedtheystaytogetherdayandnight.两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。

Don’tgetsoclosetotheTVifyouwanttoprotectyoureyes.如果你想保护你的眼睛，就不要离电视那么近。

Ifhewastired,hehadashortrest.每当累了，他就休息一会儿。

3、if...not与unless的句型转换

if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”=if...not.

e.g.Youwillmissthelastbusifyoudon’tsetoffnow.如果你不马上出发，你就要错过最后一趟巴士了。

=Youwillmissthelastbusunlessyousetoffnow.

Ifhedoesn’tcomebefore12o’clock,wewon’twaitforhim.如果他12点前不来，我们就不等他了。

=Wewon’twaitforhimunlesshecomebefore12o’clock.

Wewilllendhimthemoneyifhedon’tbreakhispromise.如果他不违背诺言，我们就把钱借给他。

=Wewilllendhimthemoneyunlesshekeephispromise.

【练一练】

1.Wewillhavenowatertodrink__________wedon'tprotecttheearth.

A.untilB.beforeC.thoughD.if

2.--MayIsurftheInternetnow?

--No,__________youhavefinisheddoingthedishes.

A.unlessB.ifC.becauseD.when

3.Iusuallysleepwiththewindowopen__________it'sverycold.

A.untilB.unlessC.asD.if

4.Wewon'twaitforyou__________youcomehereontime.

A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.till

5.Idon'tknowifhe__________tomorrow.Ifhe__________,I'lltellyou.

A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcome

C.comes;comesD.comes;willcome

6.You__________failifyou__________studyhard.

A.may;won'tB.will;won'tC.will;don'tD.may;/

【keys】1-6DABBAC

课堂练习

I.Findtheadverbialclauses.（找出下列书面表达中的状语从句）

关于上海的变化1.GreatchangesinShanghai

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghai.

WhenIwasyoung,thereusedtobenarrowbridges,roadsandhousesinShanghai.Butnow,wecanfindbigbridges,wideroadsaswellashighbuildingseverywhere.PeopleliveinShanghaiusedtoliveinsmallhousesinnarrowstreets,butnowmostofthemarelivinginbigandcomfortableapartments.What’smore,wecanseegrass,lakesandparkshereandthere.Toourgreatjoy,the2010WorldExpowasheldinShanghaiaswell.

Asashanghainese,Iampoundofallthesechanges.WearesureShanghaiwillhaveabrightfuture.

关于学校生活2.Ourschoollife

Ourschoollifeisverycolorful.Theyaremanyhobbygroupsinourschool,suchassinginggroup,dancinggroup,sciencegroupandsoon.Wecanlearnalotbyjoiningthesegroups.Forexample,weholdaSingingFestivalinMay.Wecanenjoyourselvesbysinging.It’ssointerestingthateveryonelikesitverymuch.WealsohaveasportsmeetinginOctober.Italwaysmakesusexcited.Sometimesweevenhavefriendlymatcheswithotherschools.Whatanenjoyableschoollifewehave!

关于网上购物3.Shoppingontheinternet

Nowadays,shoppingontheinternethasbecomeanewwayofshopping.Indeed,itofferspeoplealotofadvantages.SoIprefertodosomeshoppingontheinternet.Foronething,itisconvenientbecausetheonlineshopsareopen24hoursadayandwedon’thavetoqueue.Fortheotherthing,itisoftencheapertobuygoodsontheInternetanditisalsoeasytofindoutwhatwewant.Additionally,wecansavealotoftime.Isn’titgreattodoshoppingontheInternet?

关于学习4.MywayofLearningEnglish

Asweallknow,Englishisoneofthemostimportantlanguageintheworld.Soit’simportantforustolearnit.Thenhowcanweitwell?

Inmyopinion,thebestwaytolearnEnglishistodomorelistening,speaking,readingandwriting.What’smore,weshouldpracticetheseskillseveryday.Ofcourse,interestisthebestteacher.Themorewelearn,themoreinterestingandhelpfulwe’llfindEnglish.Asthesayinggoes,“Practicemakesperfect.”

关于节日5.TheSpringFestival

Asweallknow,theSpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalinChina.OntheNewYear’sEve,familiesalwaysgettogetherandhaveabigdinner.Manypeopleliketosetofffirecracker.Peoplealsoeatdumping---akindoftraditionalChinesefood.Especially,childrenlikethefestivalverymuchbecausetheycannotonlyhavedeliciousfood,wearnewclothesbutalsoreceiveredpacketsfromtheirparentsortheirelders.Itissaidthatthemoneyintheredpacketswillbringchildrengoodluck.Chinesepeoplehaveagoodtimeduringthefestival.

关于保护环境6.Environmentaroundus

Theenvironmentisveryimportanttous.Weneedthefreshair,thecleanwaterandsoon.Thereusedtobemanytreesaroundus,theairwasfreshandtheriverwasclean.Butnow,peoplecutdowntoomanytreesandtheenvironmentaroundusbecomesworseandworse.Soasstudents,weshouldtrytoprotectourenvironment.Firstofall,weshouldplantasmanytreesaspossible.Second,weshouldridebikesorwalktoschoolinsteadoftakingbusesorcars.Third,weshouldn’tuseplasticbags.Inaword,ifeveryoneknowstheimportanceofenvironmentprotection,we’llhaveagreenworld.

关于电脑7.Myviewoncomputer

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,computersareplayingmoreandmoreimportantrolesinourdailylife.Theycandomostofthethingspeoplecando.Byusingcomputers,wecangainhugeamountofknowledgeandinformation,especially,computershavemadethecommunicationwithourfriendsandrelativesmoreconvenientandeasier.Butsomestudentsaresokeenonplayinggamesonlinethattheyevendon’twanttogotoschool.Idon'tthinkitisright.Inmyopinion,weshouldmakegooduseofcomputers.

关于出国8.Isithelpingtostudyabroad

Inrecentyears,moreandmorestudentsinChinagoabroadfortheirfurtherstudies.MostChinesepeoplethinkitishelpfultostoryabroad.ButIdon’tthinkso.ForoneTOEFLorGRE,andthiswillsurelywasteusplentyofmoneyandtime.Inaddition,ifwestudyhome,wecanstaywithourfamilyandfriends,andwecanstudyinamorefriendlyenvironment.Inaword,Iprefertostudyhome.

II.Choosethebestanswer.（选择正确的答案填空）

1.Hurryup,_______wewillmissthetrain

A.butB.andC.orD.so

2.Whatshallwedo_______itrainstomorrow?

A.ifB.whenC.sinceD.after

3.Ican'tunderstandthispassage_______therearenonewwordsinit.

A.ifB.becauseC.thoughD.and

4.Thedoctordidn'thavearest_______theoperationwasover.

A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.since

5.Lucyhasseenthefilm,_______Lilyhasn't.

A.anB.orC.butD.So

6.-I'vehadenoughbread.Wouldyoulike_______?

-No,thanks

A.afewmoreB.onemoreC.anothermoreD.somemore

7.30,000dollarsisalargeamountofmoney,butit's_______thanweneed.

A.farmoreB.verymuchC.farlessD.verylittle

8.Hesaidhehadnothing_______say.

A.moreB.fartherC.lessD.anymost

9.TheweatherofShanghaiismuchbetterthan_______.

A.BeijingB.inBeijingC.thatofBeijingD.thoseofBeijing

10._______expensivepetrolbecomes,_______peopledrive.

A.Themore.themoreB.Theless.themore

C.Theless,thelessD.Themore.theless

11.Ihear_______easy.

A.thatphysicsisn'tB.ifphysicsisn’t

C.whatphysicsisD.thatphysics

12.Doyouknow_______tothatpostoffice?

A.howmuchisitB.howfaritis

C.howfarisitD.howlongitis

13.Ididn'ttknow_______intheclassroom.

A.issheB.ifsheisC.ifwassheD.ifshewas

14.I’mnotsure_______thisway.

A.thewordcanbeusedB.ifcanthewordbeused

C.ifthewordcanbeusedD.thatthewordcanbeused

III.ReadingComprehension.

A.Choosethebestanswer.（选择正确的答案填空）

Readingnewspapershasbecomeanimportant