各种菜名英文表达.docx

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各种菜名英文表达.docx

各种菜名英文表达

 

 大部分中国菜(Chinesecuisine)的传统命名具有简单明白、一目了然的特点。

•  一道中国菜的名称,主要包括:

•  主料(mainmaterial)

•  辅料(auxiliarymaterial)

•  刀法(wayofcutting)

•  烹调方法(wayofcooking)。

•  以“辣子炒鸡丁”简称“辣子鸡丁”为例

•  “鸡肉”为主料

•  “辣椒”为辅料

•  “鸡丁”为刀法

•  “炒”为烹调方法

•  其英文可译为:

•  stir-frieddicedchickenwithgreenpeppers。

•  荤菜常用的主料主要是鸡、鸭、鱼、肉之类。

•  肉类有猪肉(pork)、牛肉(beef)、羊肉(mutton,lamb)等。

•  食谱recipe 

辅料包括各种蔬菜

•  菜花(cauliflower)

•  白菜(Chinesecabbage)

•  洋白菜(cabbage)

•  芹菜(celery)

•  萝卜(turnip,radish)

•  油菜(rape)

•  菠菜(spinach)

•  青椒(greenpepper)

•  茄子(eggplant)

•  土豆(potato)

•  黄瓜(cucumber)

•  南瓜(pumpkin)

•  冬瓜(whitegourd)

•  西红柿(tomato)

•  蘑菇(mushroom)

•  木耳(fungus)

•  竹笋(bambooshoot)

•  豆腐(beancurd/tofu)

在汉语中,各地同一种蔬菜有不同的叫法

•  “西红柿”,有的叫“番茄”

•  “洋白菜”,有的叫“大头菜”,还有的叫“包心菜”

•  还有素雅之别,比如

•  “鸡蛋”又叫“木须”

•  “鸡爪”又叫“凤爪”(chickenclaws)

•  “竹笋片”又叫“玉兰片”(tenderbambooshootslice,tenderslicedbambooshoot)

•  “蛋清”又叫“芙蓉”,英文叫egg-white,

中国烹饪技术刀工、刀法包括

•  切丁(cutintoslices;dice)

•  切块(cutintocubes/pieces)

•  切片(slice)

•  切末(mince)

•  切丝(shred)

•  切条(cutintostraps)

•  切段(cutintochunks)

•  切柳(fillet)

•  剁(chop)

•  去骨(boning)

•  去皮(skinning;peeling)

•  刮鳞(scaling)

•  剁末(smashing)

•  雕、刻(carving)

•  捣碎mash

•  “猪肉丁”可以说成porkdice或dicedpork

•  “羊肉片”可以说成muttonslice或slicedmutton

•  牛肉丝可以说成beefshred或shreddedbeef

•  “猪肉丸子:

可以说成porkball

•  说到“肉”时,如果不特别说明,一般指“猪肉”。

中国菜烹调方法包括

•  炒(stir-fry)

•  炸(fry;deep-fry)

•  烘(roast)

•  烤(roast;broil;grill;basting)

•  焖(braise;stew)

•  炖(stew)

•  蒸(steam)

•  煎(pan-fry)

•  清炒(plain-fry)

•  煨(simmer)

•  煮(boil)

•  熏(smoke)

•  拌(mix)

•  涮(instantboil)

•  汆(quick-boil)

•  干炸(drydeep-fry)

•  烧(braise)

•  爆(quick-fry)

•  白灼(scald)

规范的菜名的一般译法

第一种翻译方法——直译

1.烹调方法+主料

•  炸鸡(friedchicken)

•  烤鸭(roastedduck)

•  炖鸭(stewedduck)

•  清蒸鱼(steamedfish)

•  熏鱼(smokedfish)

•  爆虾(quick-friedshrimps)

•  涮羊肉(instantboiledmutton;Mongolianfirepot)

•  炸虾球(friedprawnballs)

•  炒蟹粉(friedcrabmeat)

•  炸凤尾鱼(friedanchovies)

2.烹调法+主料名with配料名

•  有时在汉语里,烹调方法常常忽略不说,而译成英语时,要添加上去。

例如:

•  洋葱牛肉丝(stir-friedshreddedbeefwithonion)、

•  冬笋鸡片(stir-friedchickensliceswithbambooshoots)

•  芙蓉鸡片(stir-friedslicedchickenwithegg-white) 

•  板栗鸡翅braisedchickenwingswithchestnuts

•  冬菇菜心friedwintermushroomswithgreencabbage

•  蟹粉鱼肚stewedfishmawwithcrabmeat

•  笋菇鸡丁friedchickencubeswithbambooshootsandmushrooms

•  蟹肉海参friedseacucumberwithcrabmeat

•  素什锦豆腐braisedbeancurdwithmixedvegetable

•  冬笋炒鱿鱼friedsquidwithfreshbambooshoots

3.烹调法+主料名with/in调料名

•  有时还可以加上佐料,比如:

•  “红烧”(braised/broiledwithsoysauce/inbrownsauce)

•  “糖醋”(withsweetandsoursauce)

•  “醋熘”(withvinegarsauce)。

•  “红烧鱼”(braisedfishwithsoysauce)

•  “红烧肉”braisedporkwithbrownsauce

•  “糖醋鱼片”(friedfishsliceswithsweetandsoursauce或sweetandsourfriedfishslices)

•  “醋熘白菜”(friedChinesecabbagewithvinegarsauce)

•  盐水虾boiledshrimpsinsaltwater

•  红烧青鱼braised/stewedcarpwithbrownsauce

•  清炖甲鱼stewedturtleinclearsoup

4.烹调法+加工法+主料名+with/in调料名

•  洋葱牛肉丝friedshreddedbeefwithonion

•  茄汁牛肉片friedslicedbeefwithtomatosauce

•  肉片烧豆腐stewedslicedporkwithbeancurd

•  虾仁炒蘑菇friedshelledshrimpswithmushrooms

•  红烧狮子头stewed/braisedmincedporkballswithbrownsauce;braisedgiantmeatball

•  盐水螺片scaldedslicedconchinsaltwater

第二种翻译方法——意译

 中式菜肴不仅讲究烹调艺术,其名称也讲究典雅,富于寓意,因此有些菜名根据主料和配料色或形的特点,或经烹调后菜肴的总体造型,起了个具有吉祥如意或富有艺术造型的典雅名称。

 对于这类菜名,只能采用意译的方法,舍形或舍音求意,将其原料和烹调方法全部照实译出。

•  龙凤会stewedsnakeandchicken

•  全家福stewedassortedmeats/hotchpotch(杂烩)

•  蚂蚁上树stir-friedstarchnoodleswithmincedmeat

•  麻婆豆腐Beancurdwithmincedporkinhotsauce

•  游龙戏凤stir-friedprawnsandchicken

第三种翻译方法——直译+意译

 还有些菜肴名称的部分术语,根据制作原料,择其“色、香、味、形、音”等特点,用表示吉祥喜庆等典雅的语言来表达,这对于缺乏中国文化背景知识的外国人来说,难以理解其含义。

 对于这种菜名的翻译,宜采用直译与意译相结合的办法,将典雅术语所含寓意直接译出。

•  红烧狮子头stewed/braisedmincedporkballswithbrownsauce;braisedgiantmeatball

•  三鲜汤soupwithfish,shrimpandporkballs

•  翡翠虾仁stir-friedshelledshrimpswithpeas

•  芙蓉鸡片friedchickensliceswithegg-white

第四种翻译方法——直译+解释

 我国地域广阔,各地民情、风俗不同,都有一些具有地方特色的名菜,其名称通常是“地名/人名+菜名”。

 翻译时可采用“直译地名/人名+菜名”或“菜名+in……style”的格式来翻译。

•  北京烤鸭Beijingroastduck

•  宫保鸡丁frieddicedchickeninSichuanstyle;dicedchickenwithpeanuts;sautéed(炒)chickencubeswithchili(hotpepper)andpeanuts

•  西湖醋鱼WestLakevinegarfish

•  东坡肉Dongpobraisedpork

 有些菜名,源于历史典故或民间传说,其名称本身既不反映菜肴的原料,也不反映其烹调方法,若要讲清其含义,必须讲述一个故事,或者一段历史,作为菜名翻译则是无法解释清楚的。

 对于这类菜名的翻译,宜采用直译其名加解释的方法。

例如:

 佛跳墙Fotiaoqiang(Buddhajumpingthewall)

 叫花鸡beggar’schicken(bakedmud-coatedchicken)

部分中餐菜名译法介绍

•  油爆大虾Quickstir-friedpawns

•  拌三丝Combinationofshreddedmeat

•  盐水鸭Saltedduck

•  五香熏鱼Smokedfishinfiveflavors

•  白斩鸡Boiledtenderchickeninsoysauce

•  水晶鱼冻Crystalfish

•  辣白菜SpicyChinesecabbage

•  糖拌西红柿Sweattomatoes

•  盐水虾Saltedprawns

•  蒜末拌黄瓜Cucumberswithmincedgarlic

•  拌土豆丝Shreddedpotatoesinlightsauce

•  五香酱牛肉Five-flavorbeef

•  松仁玉米sweetcornwithpinenuts

•  家常鱼Home-stylefish

•  干烧鱼Dry-friedfish

•  松鼠鱼Sweetandsourfishinsquirrelshape

•  糖醋鱼Sweetandsourfish

•  凤尾鱼Phoenixtailfish

•  清蒸鱼Steamedfish

•  梅菜扣肉Pig-bellywithpickledvegetable

•  鱼香肉丝Shreddedporkwithgarlicsauce;Spicyshreddedpork;fish-flavoredshreddedporkinhotsauce

•  京酱肉丝Porkfilletinchillisauce

•  鱼香茄子Spicyeggplantwithgarlicsauce;fish-flavoredeggplant

•  酸辣汤Spicyandsourthicksoup;hotandsoursoup

•  葱爆牛肉Friedbeefwithscallion

•  糖醋排骨Sweetandsourspareribs

•  红烧牛肉Broiledbeef;braisedbeef

•  盐水青毛豆Boiledsaltyyoungsoybeans

•  海蜇皮Jellyfish

•  糖醋里脊Sweetandsourbonelesspork(tenderloin)

•  木须肉Stir-friedporkwitheggsandblackfungus

•  宫爆肉丁Dicedporkwithhotpeppers

•  牛肉丸Beefmeatballs

•  葱爆羊肉Quick-friedlambwithscallions

•  羊肉串shishkabob

•  脆皮鸡Crispy-skinchicken

•  红烧鱼Braisedfish

•  西施奶油虾prawnswithbuttercream

•  炸虾球Deep-friedshrimpballs

•  炒螃蟹Friedcrab

•  清蒸鳗鱼Steamedeel

•  红烧海参Braisedseacucumber

•  红烧豆腐Braisedbeancurd

•  麻婆豆腐Beancurdwithmincedporkinhotsauce

•  家常豆腐Home-stylebeancurd

•  沙锅豆腐Beancurdincasserole(砂锅)

•  蛋花汤Egg-dropsoup

•  火腿冬瓜汤Hamandwhitegourdsoup

•  担担面Spicysesamenoodles

•  炒面Friednoodles

•  油焖笋尖Braisedbambooshoots

•  泡菜Pickledvegetables

•  锅贴Pan-friedporkdumplings,frieddumplings

•  腰果虾仁Shrimpswithcashewnuts

•  炒饭Friedrice

•  牛肉饺Beefdumplings

•  猪肉饺Porkdumplings

•  蒸饺Steamedporkdumplings

•  水饺Boileddumplings

•  馄饨Wonton

•  薄饼Mandarincakes

•  花卷Steamedrolls;steamedtwistedroll

•  春卷Springroll;eggroll

•  拔丝香蕉Hotcandiedbananas

•  拔丝苹果Hotcandiedapples

•  拔丝地瓜Hotcandiedsweetpotatoes

•  豆沙包Sweetbeanbuns

•  鲍鱼Abalone

•  扇贝Scallops

•  墨鱼cuttlefish

•  豆瓣鱼Fishwithhotbeansauce

•  竹笋Bambooshoots

•  豆芽Beansprout

•  苦瓜balsampear;bittermelon

•  糖炒栗子Friedchestnutswithsugar

•  芥蓝Chinesebroccoli;cabbagemustard

•  韭菜Chinesechives;leek

•  洋葱Onion

•  大葱Springonion;scallion

•  芋头Taro

•  葱油饼deep-friedscallioncake

•  主菜maincourse;entrée

•  附菜sidedish

•  山珍海味delicaciesfromlandandsea

•  炒鳝背friedeelback

•  芙蓉虾仁shrimpswitheggwhite

•  干烧桂鱼friedmandarinfishinbrownsauce

•  宫保大虾sautéedprawnswithhotpepper

•  红烧鱼翅braisedsharkfininbrownsauce

•  清炖甲鱼stewedsoft-shelledturtle

•  糖醋黄鱼sweetandsouryellowcroaker

•  回锅肉twice-cookedporkslicesinbrownsauce

•  椒盐排骨spareribswithpepperandsalt

•  炸猪排friedporkchop

•  铁扒牛排grilledbeefsteak

•  蛇油牛肉 slicedbeefsautéedinoystersauce

•  羊肉串slicedmuttonbarbecue

•  炒双冬sautéedmushroomsandbambooshoots

•  什锦炒蔬stir-friedmixedvegetables

•  火腿鸡丝汤 shreddedchickenandhamsoup

•  鱼翅汤sharkfinsoup

•  榨菜肉丝汤 shreddedporksongwithpickledtubermustard

•  紫菜虾米汤driedshrimpsandredlaversoup

•  鸡茸蘑菇汤creamofmushroomwithchicken

•  八宝饭babaosteamedricewithcandledfruitsandredbeanpastefilling

•  扬州炒饭 Yangchowfriedrice

•  炒米粉friedgroundricenoodles

•  糯米饭cookedglutinousrice

•  粥;稀饭 congee;ricegruel;porridge

•  小米粥milletgruel

•  冷面coldnoodles

•  咖喱牛肉面noodlesoupwithslicedcurrybeef

•  炸酱面noodleswithfriedbrownsaucepaste

•  油条friedtwistedstick

•  汤圆 glutinousricedumplinginsoup

•  小笼包子steamedmeatdumpling

•  粽子Zongzi;ricedumplingwrappedinreedleaves

•  补酒tonicliquor;wine(tonic滋补品)

 

Beijingroastduck北京烤鸭

Sweetandsourpork糖醋里脊

Mongolianhotpot涮羊肉

Crispychicken脆皮鸡

Roastsuckingpig烤乳猪

Kung-paochicken宫爆鸡丁

Beancurdwithpepperandchilisauce麻婆豆腐

Salad沙拉

Pencakes豌豆黄

Springrolls春卷

Sweetears糖耳朵

Won-tonsoup馄饨

Beefnoodles牛肉面

 

头盘餐前小品Appetizers

1.各式刺身拼SashimiPlatter

2.锅贴PotSticker

3.辣汁脆炸鸡腿FriedChickenLegs(SpicyHot)

4.鸡沙律ChickenSalad

5.酥炸大虾FriedPrawns

6.酥炸生豪FriedOysters

7.酥炸鲜鱿FriedSquid

8.海哲分蹄SmokedJellyFish

9.五香牛展SpecialBeef

10.白云凤爪ChickenLeg

11.琥珀合桃HouseSpecialHoneyWalnuts

12.脆皮春卷SpringRolls

13.蜜汁叉烧B.B.Q.Pork

汤羹类Soup

1.花胶鲍鱼火鸭丝羹CongeePikeMawWithR

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