高考英语考前分类强化四健康与医疗.docx

高考英语考前分类强化四健康与医疗.docx

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高考英语考前分类强化四健康与医疗

高考英语考前分类强化（四）—健康与医疗

Passage1

Scratchythroats,stuffynosesandbodyachesallspellmisery,butbeingabletotellifthecauseisacoldorflumaymakeadifferenceinhowlongthemiserylasts.

TheAmericanLungAssociation（ALA）hasissuednewguidelinesoncombatingcoldsandtheflu（流感）,andoneofthekeysisbeingabletoquicklytellthetwoapart.That'sbecausetheprescriptiondrugsavailableforthefluneedtobetakensoonaftertheillnesssetsin.Asforcolds,thesoonerapersonstartstakingover-the-counterremedy,thesoonerreliefwillcome.

Thecommoncoldandthefluarebothcausedbyviruses.Morethan200virusescancausecoldsymptoms,whilethefluiscausedbythreeviruses-fluA,BandC.Thereisnocureforeitherillness,buttheflucanbepreventedbythefluvaccine（疫苗）,whichis,formostpeople,thebestwaytofighttheflu,accordingtotheALA.

Butifthefludoesstrike,quickactioncanhelp.Althoughthefluandcommoncoldhavemanysimilarities,therearesomeobvioussignstolookfor.

Coldsymptomssuchasstuffynose,runnynoseandscratchythroattypicallydevelopgradually,andadultsandteensoftendonotgetafever.Ontheotherhand,feverisoneofthecharacteristicfeaturesofthefluforallages.Andingeneral,flusymptomsincludingfeverandchills,sorethroatandbodyachescomeonsuddenlyandaremoreseverethancoldsymptoms.

TheALAnotesthatitmaybeparticularlydifficulttotellwheninfantsandpreschoolagechildrenhavetheflu.Itadvisesparentstocallthedoctoriftheirsmallchildrenhaveflu-likesymptoms.

Bothcoldandflusymptomscanbeeasedwithover-the-countermedicationsaswell.However,childrenandteenswithacoldorflushouldnottakeaspirinforpainreliefbecauseoftheriskofReyesyndrome（综合症）,ararebutseriousconditionoftheliverandcentralnervoussystem..

Thereis,ofcourse,novaccineforthecommoncold.Butfrequenthandwashingandavoidingclosecontactwithpeoplewhohavecoldscanreducethelikelihoodofcatchingone.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,knowingthecauseofthemiserywillhelp

A）shortenthedurationoftheillness

B）thepatientbuymedicineoverthecounter

C）thepatientobtaincheaperprescriptiondrugs

D）preventpeoplefromcatchingcoldsandtheflu

12.Welearnfromthepassagethat

A）onedoesn'tneedtotakeanymedicineifhehasacoldortheflu

B）aspirinshouldnotbeincludedinover-the-countermedicinesfortheflu

C）delayedtreatmentofthefluwillharmtheliverandcentralnervoussystem

D）over-the-counterdrugscanbetakentoeasethemiserycausedbyacoldortheflu

13.Accordingtothepassage,tocombattheflueffectively,

A）oneshouldidentifytheviruswhichcausesit

B）oneshouldconsultadoctorassoonaspossible

C）oneshouldtakemedicineuponcatchingthedisease

D）oneshouldremainalertwhenthediseaseisspreading

14.Whichofthefollowingsymptomswilldistinguishtheflufromacold?

A）Astuffynose.B）Ahightemperature.

C）Asorethroat.D）Adrycough.

15.Ifchildrenhaveflu-likesymptoms,theirparents

A）areadvisednottogivethemaspirin

B）shouldwatchoutforsignsofReyesyndrome

C）areencouragedtotakethemtohospitalforvaccination

D）shouldpreventthemfrommixingwithpeoplerunningafever

Passage2

Exerciseisoneofthefewfactorswithapositiveroleinlong-termmaintenanceofbodyweight.Unfortunately,thatmessagehasnotgottenthroughtotheaverageAmerican,whowouldrathertryswitchingto"light"beerandlow-caloriebreadthanincreasephysicalexertion.TheCentersforDiseaseControl,forexample,foundthatfewerthanone-fourthofoverweightadultswhoweretryingtoshedpoundssaidtheywerecombiningexercisewiththeirdiet.

Inrejectingexercise,somepeoplemaybediscouragedtoomuchbycaloric-expenditurecharts;forexample,onewouldhavetobrisklywalkthreemilesjusttoworkoffthe275caloriesinonedeliciousDanishpastry（小甜饼）.Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcedehalfapointhere."Exercisebyitselfisaverytoughwaytoloseweight,"saysYorkOnnen,programdirectorofthePresident'sCouncilonPhysicalFitnessandSports.

Still,exercise'ssupportingroleinweightreductionisvital.AstudyattheBostonUniversityMedicalCenterofoverweightpoliceofficersandotherpublicemployeesconfirmedthatthosewhodietedwithoutexerciseregainedalmostalltheiroldweight,whilethosewhoworkedexercise

intotheirdailyroutinemaintainedtheirnewweight.

Ifyouhavebeensedentary（极少活动的）anddecidetostartwalkingonemileaday,theaddedexercisecouldburnanextra100caloriesdaily.Inayear'stime,assumingnoincreaseinfoodintake,youcouldlosetenpounds.Byincreasingthedistanceofyourwalksgraduallyandmakingotherdietaryadjustments,youmayloseevenmoreweight.

26.WhatissaidabouttheaverageAmericaninthepassage?

A）Theytendtoexaggeratethehealthfuleffectof"light"beer.

B）Theyusuallyignoretheeffectofexerciseonlosingweight.

C）Theyprefer"light"beerandlow-caloriebreadtootherdrinksandfood.

D）Theyknowthefactorsthatplayapositiveroleinkeepingdownbodyweight.

27.Somepeopledislikeexercisebecause.

A）theythinkitisphysicallyexhausting

B）theyfindithardtoexercisewhileonadiet

C）theydon'tthinkitpossibletowalk3mileseveryday

D）theyfindconsultingcaloric-expenditurechartstroublesome

28."Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcedehalfapointhere"（Line3,Para.2）means“They

A）agreethatthecaloriesinasmallpieceofpastrycanbedifficulttoworkoffbyexercise

B）partiallybelievedietplaysasupportingroleinweightreduction

C）arenotfullyconvincedthatdietingcanhelpmaintainone'snewweight

D）arenotsufficientlyinformedofthepositiveroleofexerciseinlosingweight

29.WhatwasconfirmedbytheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter'sstudy?

A）Controllingone'scalorieintakeismoreimportantthandoingexercise.

B）Evenoccasionalexercisecanhelpreduceweight.

C）Weightreductionisimpossiblewithoutexercise.

D）Onecouldlosetenpoundsinayear'stimeifthere'snoincreaseinfoodintake.

30.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle?

A）TojustifythestudyoftheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter.

B）Tostresstheimportanceofmaintainingproperweight.

C）TosupportthestatementmadebyYorkOnnen.

D）Toshowthemosteffectivewaytoloseweight.

Passage3

Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike“seriousillnessofafamilymember”werehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.

Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehow,theresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women’smagazinesranheadlineslike“Stresscausesillness!

”Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaid,avoidstressfulevents.

Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,many—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription（处方）forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.

Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe’reallvulnerable（脆弱的）andpassiveinthefaceofadversity（逆境）.Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?

Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmentalstrain.

1.TheresultofHolmes-Rahe'smedicalresearchtellsus____.

A）thewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestressB）whatshouldbedonetoavoidstress

C）whatkindofeventwouldcausestressD）howtocopewithsuddenchangesinlife

2.Thestudiesonstressintheearly1970'sledto____.

A）widespreadconcernoveritsharmfuleffects

B）greatpanicoverthementaldisorderitcouldcause

C）anintensiveresearchintostress-relatedillnesses

D）popularavoidanceofstressfuljobs

3.ThescoreoftheHolmes-Rahetestshows.

A）howmuchpressureyouareunderB）howpositiveeventscanchangeyoulife

C）howstressfulamajoreventcanbeD）howyoucandealwithlife-changingevents

4.Whyis"suchsimplisticadvice"（Line1,Para.3）impossibletofollow?

A）Noonecanstayonthesamejobforlong.B）Noprescriptioniseffectiveinrelievingstress.

C）Peoplehavetogetmarriedsomeday.D）Youcouldbemissingopportunitiesaswell.

5.Accordingtothepassagepeoplewhohaveexperiencedupsanddownsmaybecome_____.

A）nervouswhenfacedwithdifficultiesB）physicallyandmentallystrained

C）morecapableofcopingwithadversityD）indifferenttowardwhathappenstothem

Passage4

PsychologistGeorgeSpilichandcolleaguesatWashingtonCollegeinChestertown,Maryland,decidedtofindoutwhether,asmanysmokerssay,smokinghelpsthemto“thinkandconcentrate.”Spilichputyoungnon-smokers,activesmokersand