中考英语常考的语法知识点new.docx
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中考英语常考的语法知识点new
2019-2020年中考英语常考的语法知识点new
一.冠词
1.anumbrella,anuncle,anunpleasanttrip,anunusualboy,anuglygirl,anMP3,anIphone5s
2.auniform,auniversity,aunit,aUFO,ausefulbook,aEuropeancountry,anAsiancountry
3.anhour,anhonestboy(h不发音)
4.an“a”(e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x),a“b”(c,d,g,j,k,p,q,t,u,v,w,y,z)
5.(无冠词)Children’sDay,MayDay,theSpringFestival
6.序数词和最高级前要用the:
thefirstlesson,thethirdclass,themostexercitingmovie
7.独一无二的事物和江湖海前用the:
themoon,theearth,thesun,theChangjingRiver
8.aone-year-oldbaby,aneight-year-oldboy,aneleven-year-oldgirl
9.—IlostthebookIboughtlastweek.—Isitablackone?
10.DoyouknowtheboynexttoMary/themaninwhite?
11.序数词和最高级前如有名词所有格或物主代词不加the:
LiLeiismyfirstChinesefriendandheisalsomybestfriend.
二.名词
1.名词单复数:
(单复数同形)manysheep,afewdeer,severalJapanese,threeChinese,ninefish
(不规则变化)afewgeese,twomice,somechildren,tenfeet,fiveteeth
radios,photos,pianos,zoos;potatoes,tomatoes,heroes,Negroes
2.名词所有格:
TomandMary’sfather,Tom’sandMary’sfathers
thekeytothedoor,theanswertothequestion,thetickettotheconcert,
thewaytothebank
Teachers’Day,Mother’sDay,Women’sDay
tenminutes’walk=aten-minutewalk,afive-dayholiday=fivedays’holiday,
havefivedaysoff
3.不可数名词:
weather、news、information、advice、music、fun、room(空间)、work
(不可数名词前不可加a,an,感叹句中也不能有a,an)(可数:
amessage,anewspaper)
Thereisanorange(橙子)onthetable.twobottlesoforange(橙汁)
anorange(橙色)dress
4.名词作定语:
shoeshops,clothesshops,girlstudents,womendoctors,mennurses,sportsshoes
5.threeEnglishmen/Frenchmen,afewGermans,manyAmericans
6.apieceofbreadaboxoforangesapairofshoes
fourpiecesofbreadtwoboxesoforangesfivepairsofshoes
7.名词可数和不可数时意思不一样:
chicken(鸡肉;小鸡)life(生活;生命lives),orange(橙汁;橙子)
8.(本身是复数)twopeople,police,
(总是用复数)manyclothes,apairoftrousers,vegetables
三.数词:
1.thousandsof,threethousand,hundredsof,fourhundred,millionsof,sixmillion
2.(分数表达:
分子基数词,分母序数词,分子大于一,分母复数)
onefifth五分之一,twothirds三分之二,threequarters四分之三
3.特殊的序数词:
first,second,third,twelfth,twentieth,nine-nineteen-ninety-ninth,
four-fourth-fourteen-forty-fortieth
4.时间表达:
6:
45sixforty-five,aquartertoseven6:
15sixfifteen,aquarterpast6
5.inthe1860s/1860’s(19世纪60年代),inherforties(在她四十多岁时)
6.序数词要与the连用:
thefirstone,如前面有名词所有格或物主代词就不用the:
hiseighthbirthday
7.BusNo.112;thesecondlesson,LessonTwo;Room308,thetwenty-firstcentury
8.anothertwoboys=twomoreboys再多要两个男孩
9.attheageoftwelve/fifteen(基数词)
10.twohoursandahalf=twoandahalfhours,onehourandahalf=oneandahalfhours
11.a+序数词:
再一;又一个asecondchance=anotherchance再一次机会
四.代词
1.人称代词:
主格:
Iyouhesheweyouthey
meyouhimherusyouthem
句首做主语要用主格,动词和介词后做宾语要用宾格。
SheteachesmeEnglish.
物主代词:
形容词性物主代词:
myyourhisherouryourtheir
名词性物主代词:
mineyourshishersoursyourstheirs
形容词性物主代词后面接名词,名词性物主代词后面不加名词。
反身代词:
I-myself,you-yourself/yourselves,he-himself,she-herself,we-ourselves,they-themselves
2.his,hers,mine:
Hiswatchisnew.Itisn’this.afriendofmine/hers/LiMing’s
Thebookbelongstohim.=Thebookishis.
3.疑问代词:
howsoon---in;howoften---seldom,twiceamonth,everyday,everyfouryears
howlong---(for)amonth/since1998
howfar---tenkilometers(awayfrom),tenminutes’walk/drive,fiveminutesonfoot
4.whattodo;howtodoit
5.what没范围,which有范围
Myfather’sbirthdayiscoming.Idon’tknowwhattobuyforhim.
Therearemanykindsofcamerashere.Idon’tknowwhichtobuy.
6.all/both/none/neither/any/either的区别:
all表三个或三个以上的全部都,none表三个或三个以上全部都不……
both表两个都,neither表两个都不
either表两者之一,either/each/neither+单数名词,all/both+复数名词
Bothofthetwinsareteachers,butneitherofthemlikesteaching.
AllofthedoctorshavetolearnFrench,butnoneofthemlikesit.
Therearemanytalltreesonthebothsides/eitherside/eachsideoftheroad/river.
other,theother,others,theothers,another:
other+名词复数,some…others,(two)one…theother,another+名词单数
Thisshirtistoosmall,couldyougivemeaanotherone.
Theshoesarenice,Iwanttobuyanotherpair.(复数用pair,单数用one)
7.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinDongguan.
ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatofJapan.
ThestudentsinDongguanisbetterthanthose/theonesinBeijing.
8.Wefound/thoughtit(was)interestingtolearnEnglish.
9.肯定:
alittlemoneyafewsheep否定:
littlewaterfewstudents
10.Therearesomepeopleintheroom.Therearen’tanystudentsintheclassroom.
Wouldyoulikesomebread?
10.ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.(范围内,除去自己本身)
ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJapan.(范围外)
11.somethingspecialnothingseriousanything/whatelse
12.指示代词的形式:
this(单数)---these(复数),that(单数)---those(复数)
打电话时,常用“that“询问对方是“谁”,用“this”介绍自己
13.enjoyoneself,dressoneself,allbyoneself,lookafteroneself,
learnsthbyoneself=teachoneselfsth,cometooneself(苏醒,恢复知觉),
helponeselfto(请随便吃),saytooneself(自言自语)
五.介词
1.befriendlyto,makefriendswithsb,bestrictwithsb.,befullof,befilledwith
2.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheeveningatnight
onacoldmorningonahotafternoonontheeveningofJune22onthenightofMay1st
3.Itlooksniceonyou.这东西在你身上很好看。
awomanwithglasses,
4.It’sclever/nice/kind/stupid/wrongofyoutosayso.(人)
It’snecessary/importantforustoremembermorewords.(物)
5.JapanistotheeastofChina.(不接壤)TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.(在范围内)
GuangxiisonthewestofGuangdong.(相邻,接壤)
6.walkacrossthebridge/street=crossthebridge/street;swimacrosstheriver,sailacrossthePacific
gothroughthetrafficlights/forest/jungle/city/park/village/window
gopastthebank=passthebank
7.AllthestudentswenttotheparkexceptJohn,becausehewasill.(不包含在内)
Ineed2morestudentsbesidesJohntodothework.(包含在内)
8.intwoweeks(跟将来时连用,Howsoon提问)aftertwoweeks=twoweekslater(跟过去式连用
9.bycar=inone’scar/taxibybus/bike=onthebus/bike
六.形容词和副词
比较级标志词:
than,much,far/still/even/alot/alittle)
最高级标志词:
of/amongall…,inourschool,themost+原级,the+最高级(副词可不要the)
1.Anelephantis(very,quite,so,too)big(原级).
2.Afriendofmineisasheavy(原级)asme.Heisnotso/astall(原级)asher.
3.much+比较级,more+原级:
Heismuchfatterthather.Heismuchmoreconfidentthanher.
4.一些特殊的句型:
1)Jimisthetallerofthetwo(boys).
2)Ourschoolismuch(far/still/even/alot/alittle)(比较级)morebeautifulthanyours.
3)Theearlier,thebetter.
4)Whensummercomes,theweathergetshotterandhotter.
5)Ifyoudosportseveryday,youwillbecomehealthierandhealthier.
6)TodayEnglishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.
7)Heis2kilosheavierthanIam.
8)Parisisoneoftheliveliestcitiesintheworld.
10).TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.(序数词+最高级)
11)Tomisthetallerofthetwo(boys).=Tomistallerthantheotherboy
12)Marryismoreoutgoingthananyothergirlinherclass.=Marryisthemostoutginggirlinherclass.
5.Heiscareful(形容词)enough.Hedoeseverythingcarefully(副词).
6.the+形容词:
表示一类人,谓语复数
thepoor,theold,therich,thedead,theyoung:
Theyoungarealwaysenergetic.
7.Wearesurprisedtohearthesurprisingnews.
8.易误认为副词的形容词:
lovely,friendly,lively
七.情态动词:
1.情态动词(must,should,can)+动词原形Heshouldstopsmoking.
2.表猜测:
一定must可能may不可能can’t
3.特殊回答:
—MustIhandinmyhomeworknow?
—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.
---MayIsmokehere?
---Yes,youcan/may./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.
—Iamnotsure.Itmay/might/couldbelongtoher.
must:
交通规矩,规章制度;表肯定猜测“一定”,
mustn’t不表推测,意思是“禁止,不能”
can’t:
表猜测“不可能”:
Theladyovertherecan’tbeourteacher.ShehasgonetoShanghai.
4.need的用法:
做情态动词:
needn’tdosth
做实义动词:
needtodosth.
Do/Does/Didsb.Needtodosth?
don’t/doesn’t/didn’tneedtodosth.
八.连词:
1.although/though不能与but连用(转折关系)
2.because不能与so连用(因果关系)
3.Getupatonce,oryouwillbelateforclass.(or否则)
4.主将从现:
(若主句用一般将来时时,从句则用一般现在时来表将来)。
主句(将来)+if/unless/assoonas/until/when/before/after+句子(现在)
Wewillgoonapicnicifitdoesn’train.=Wewillgoonapicnicunlessitrains.
Iwon’tleaveuntilmymothercomesback.
IwilltellhimassoonasIseehim.
5.so+形容词/副词+that从句such+(a/an)+形容词+名词+that从句
Heissocleverthathecanworkoutthisproblem.
=Heissuchacleverboythathecanworkouttheproblem.(suchafineday=sofineaday)
6.Ilikedancingwhile然而mysisterlikesdoingsports.(前后形成对比)
9.Youshoulddoas按照theteachertoldyou.
九.被动语态
结构:
am/is/are+done,was/were+done,willbe/isgoingtobe+done,should/must/can+bedone
有时候句子中的bysb.的标志词
1.Someonetoldmeaboutthis.---Iwastoldaboutthis.
2.在主语中带介词的,变被动时介词不能省:
Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.---Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.
3.Someonetookhertothehospitalintime.---Shewastakentothehospitalintime.
4.bemade/heard/seen/watchedtodo(被动还原to)
5.Thiskindofbookssellswellandtheywillbesoldoutsoon.
6.没有被动:
happen,takeplace,comeout,cometrue,belongto,系动词(feel,taste,look,sound,smell,keep,stay,become,seem)
十.现在完成时
1.强调对现在造成的影响(already,ever,never,before,just,yet)
Hehasjustarrived.(Heisherenow.)
2.强调一直在做的动作(howlong,for,since,sofar,inthepast/lastfewyears,overtheyears)
buy–havehadborrow–havekeptdie---havebeendeadopen–havebeenopen
close–havebeenclosedbegin–hasbeenonfinish–havebeenovercome---havebeeninleave–havebeenawayfromjoin-havebeenin/havebeenamemberof
Iborrowedthebooklastweek.---Ihavekeptthebooksin