重点单词短语用法归类.docx
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重点单词短语用法归类
2015中考英语:
重点单词、短语用法归类,总结的太全啦!
◆1.cost/take/spend/pay 花费
花费时间做某事:
Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime (in)doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.
某人花钱买某物:
sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.
※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人, cost 主语是物。
※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ Howdidyouspendyourweekend?
Thesweater________ me90yuan.=I_______90yuanforthesweater.=I_____90yuanonthesweater.
Hespentlotsofmoney________themobilephone.
It________her20minutestogohomeeveryday.=He________20minutes________homeeveryday.
◆2. thanksfor 为…而感谢
⑴ ______invitingmetoyourbirthdayparty.
thanksto 多亏/由于
⑵______yourhelp.Igotgoodgrades.
◆3. 感叹句:
多么… what+ 名词
how+ 形容词 / 副词
1.______badweather !
2.______hardheworks !
3.______freshvegetables !
⑷.______cuteamonkeyitis !
◆4. 因为、由于:
because( 连词 )+从句:
(表示原因)
becauseof(介词短语) + 名词(短语)= thanksto
⑴ Ididn’tgotoschool______Ihadaheadache.
Hewaslateforclass______thebadweather.
Hecan’tcome_____heisill.
Manypeoplehaveacold_____thecoldweather.
※ because和 so不能同时连用 .
◆5. 来自:
befrom=comefrom
⑴ Whereareyoufrom?
=Where______you______ ______?
⑵ HeisfromTibet.=He______ ______Tibet.
◆6. Howoften 对频率提问(多久一次) →回答用表示频率的副词或短语
Howlong 对一段时间提问(多久) →回答用表示一段时间的状语
Howsoon 对将来时间提问(多久)→回答用 in+时间段
Howfar 询问多长距离(多长)
⑴-______haveyoubeencollectingthekites?
-Fortenyears.
⑵-______doyougoshopping?
-Sometimes.
⑶ -______willyourfathercomeback?
-Intwoyears.
⑷-_____doyouexercise?
-Onceaweek.
⑸-_____isitfromyourhometoschool?
- Abouttenmiles.
⑹-_____areyoustayingthere?
-Twoweeks.
◆7. 乘交通工具:
takea/the+交通工具 在句中作谓语
by+交通工具= ona 交通工具 在句中作方式状语
交通工具有:
train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…
⑴ Hetakesabustobank.=Hegoestobankbybus.=Hegoestobankonabus.
⑵ Iwalktoschool.=Igotoschool______.
※骑自行车、马或驴用ride :
rideone’sbike / rideahorse / rideadonkey inone’scar
◆8. 对不起:
Excuseme (劳驾,客套话)
Sorry ( 表示道歉 )
⑴ ______.WhereisTianfuSquareinChengdu?
⑵– Wouldyoumindcleaningyourroom?
-______.I’lldoitrightaway.
⑶-Don’teatinclass. -_____.MsClark.
⑷ _____,isthisthewaytothestation?
◆9. 声音:
sound( 自然界各种声音 )
noise(噪音)
voice(悦耳的声音:
嗓子)
1Lucyhasasweet______.
⑵That______likeagoodidea.
⑶Don’tmake______.Thebabyissleeping.
◆10. looklike(外貌看起来像… )
belike (性格像…)
⑴ Lily_____ _____Lucy.Oh,theyaretwins.
⑵ Tony______ ______amonkeybecauseheiscuteandplayful.
◆11. take… to …带去
bring… to … 带来
fetch 没有方向性(强调来回)
⑴ Tony.______theballhere.Please.
⑵ Myfatheroften______me______concertsonSundays.
⑶ ______yourhomework_____schooltomorrow.
◆12. 一些:
some 用于肯定句
any 用于否定句和疑问句
⑴ I’dlike______milk.
⑵ – Wouldyoulike______yogurt?
_Thanks.Idon’twant______.
※在一般疑问句中,认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到对方肯定回答时,也用some.
◆13. 多少:
Howmany修饰可数名词复数
Howmuch 修饰不可数名词
1 ______juicedoyouwant?
⑵ ______ applesdoyouwant ?
⑶-______ istheT-shirt ?
–It’s30yuan.
※ Howmuch 可对价钱提问:
Howmucharethepotatoes?
◆14.看:
see 强调看的结果
look(at) 不及物动词,强调看的动作
watch 观看:
比赛、电视、表演、电影
read 读,朗读:
看书、看报、看信、看杂志
⑴ Don’t ______inbed.
⑵ Wewill______abasketballgamethisevening.
⑶ Please______theblackboard.Everyone.
⑷ I______abirdinthetreeyesterday.
※ OnSaturdaynight.Isawaninterestingtalkshow.
OnSaturdayevening.severalkidswatchedamovie. watchamovie=gotoamovie
◆15. stopdoingsth 停止做某事→ Pleasestoptalking.
stoptodosth 停下来去做别的事
⑴ Thegirlsoonstopped______(cry).
⑵ Hewastiredandstopped______(have)arest.
◆16.forget/remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作:
△forget/remembertodosth(忘记/记得去做某事)→ Heforgottoturnoffthelight.(没有做关灯的动作) Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.
forget/remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作:
△forget/rememberdoingsth(忘记/记得做过某事)→ Heforgotturning offthelight. (已做过关灯的动作) Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?
◆17. 到达… reach+ 地点
getto+ 地点 reach=getto
arrive+in+ 大地点
arrive+at+ 小地点
⑴ HereachedLondonyesterday.=He______toLondonyesterday.=He______ inLondonyesterday.
⑵ Shearrived______thebusstationjustnow.
⑶ Youshould______(get)homeontime.
※ 当getto和 arriveat/in后接地点副词时,都不加介词。
如:
gethome getthere 省略 to
◆18. 擅长,在…方面做得好:
begoodat=dowellin.
⑴ Sheisgoodatchemistry.=She______ ______ ______chemistry.
⑵ Niuniuisgoodat______theviolin.=Niuniu______wellin______theviolin.
⑶ LucyandLilyaretwingirls.Lucyisbetter______dancingthanLily.butLily_____ ______insingingthanLucy.
◆19. win (赢得)接agame、 war 、amatch、 aprize
beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。
⑴ Whichteam______thefootballmatch?
⑵ WangHao______MaLinand______thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.
◆20. 借borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth 向某人借某物→ borrow借入
lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→ lend 借出
keep延续性动词,与一段时间连用。
⑴ Canyoulendmeyourbike?
=Canyou______ yourbike______me?
⑵ Youcanborrowsomemoney____yourbrother.=Youcanborrow your brother____ ____.
⑶ -HowlongcanI______thebook?
-Youcan_____itfortwoweeks.
※类似用法的还有:
buy—have puton—wear become—be
leave—beawayfrom open—beopen begin—beon
die—bedead return—beback
①become Hehas______adoctor.
Hehas______adoctorfor10years.
②begin Thefilmhas______ .
Thefilmhas_________fortenminutes.
◆21. 能,会。
beableto
can
※情态动词后面都接动词原形。
⑴ Weshould______abletofinishtheworktomorrow.
⑵ Ican ______(play)theguitar.
⑶ He______abletoplaychess.
◆22. toomany 太多—修饰可数名词复数→ Ihavetoomanyrules inmyhouse.
toomuch 太多—修饰不可数名词→ Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.
muchtoo 太 —后跟形容词或副词原级 → Thiscoatismuchtooexpensive.
⑴ Eating_____ ______isbadforyourhealth.
⑵ It’s ______ ______coldtoday.You’dbetternotgoout.
⑶ Thereare ______ ______studentsinthehallways.It’sdangerous.
◆23. have/hasbeento 去过某地→HehasbeentoBeijing.(现在不在北京)
have/hasgoneto 去了某地→HehasgonetoBeijing.(现在可能在北京,或在去北京的途中)
have / has beenin/at 在某地
⑴ I haveever_______ ______Americatwice.
⑵ Hehas______ ______Beijingfortenyears.
⑶ –Where isyourbrother?
- He ______ ______toHainan.
⑷ _____youever______ ______Disneyland?
◆24. usedtodosth.过去常做某事→ Thisriverusedtobeveryclean.
be(get)usedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事→ I’mnotusedtogettingupearly.
beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth. 被用于做某事→ Pensareusedforwriting.
⑴ Xiao Gang______ ______ ______afraidofthedark.
⑵ The broomis______ ______cleantheroom.=Thebroomis______ ______cleaningtheroom.
⑶ He______ ______ ______livingcountryside.Thereisfreshairandsweetwell.
⑷ Wood_____ _____ _____ makingpaper.
◆25. belongto+ 名词 / 人称代词宾格(属于)
be+ 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词(是)
⑴ Itmust______Ning’s.= Itmust _________ Ning.
⑵ Thepencilmustbe______(my).=Thepencilmustbelongto ______(my).
⑶ Thisball______tome.=Thisballis______.
◆26. can’t 不可能 0
表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪
must 肯定、一定 100﹪
⑴ TheCD_____belongtoTony.becausehelikeslisteningtomusic.
⑵ Thenotebook______bemine.Ithasmynameonit.
⑶ Thetoy______bemygrandpa.Afterall.Heisanoldman.
◆27. bemadefrom (由…制成)看不出原材料
bemadeof (由…制成)看得出原材料
⑴ Thetable______ ______ ______wood.
⑵ Paper______ ______ ______wood.
◆28. prefertodosth 宁愿做某事
prefersth.tosth. 喜欢…而不喜欢…
preferdoingsth.todoingsth. 喜欢做…而不喜欢做…
⑴ Iprefer______(swim)to______ (play)balls.
⑵ He_______fishtobeef.
⑶ Ipreferto______(walk)towork.
◆29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词:
—ed 修饰人—ing 修饰物
⑴ Iwanttogosomewhere______(relaxing/relaxed).
⑵ Sheis______inthis______historystory. (interesting/interested)
※ interesting (有趣的) — interested(感兴趣的) tiring(累人的)— tired(累的,疲倦的)
boring (令人无聊的)— bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)— excited(激动的)
surprising(令人惊讶的)— surprised(惊讶的)
relaxing(令人放松的) — relaxed(放松的)
embarrassing(令人尴尬的;令人为难的) — embarrassed(尴尬的;为难的)
◆30. thenumberof+ 名词复数(…的数量)作主语,谓语用单数。
anumberof+ 名词复数(许多、一些)=many
⑴ Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______80.
⑵ ______numberofstudentsareinHelinMiddleSchool.
◆31. for+ 一段时间
since+ 时间点/过去时的句子
⑴ WehavebeenstudyingEnglish______threeyears.
⑵ Hehasbeenstayinghere______hewasfiveyearsold. .
⑶ Wehaven’tseeneachother______tenyearsago.
※ for和 since 可以相互转换。
如:
Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinsforseveralyears.=Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinssinceseveralyears______.
◆32. 除…之外 except (不包括在内)→ EveryonecouldanswerthisquestionexceptJim.
besides (包括在内)→Therearethreegirlsbesidesme.
⑴ Weallpassedtheexam______LiYang.
⑵ Manyotherstudentslikebasketball______GuoXiaojun.
◆33. already 用于肯定句中(已经)
yet 用于疑问句末(已经)
用于否定句末(还)
1 Haveyouseenthefilm______?
⑵ Ihaven’tlockedthedoor______.
⑶ Momhas_______wateredtheflowers.
◆34. 否定祈使句 Don’t+v. No+v.ing/n.
⑴ Don’tsmokehere.=______ ______here.
⑵ Don’ttakephotos.=______ ______.
◆35. 也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末