重点单词短语用法归类.docx

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重点单词短语用法归类.docx

重点单词短语用法归类

2015中考英语:

重点单词、短语用法归类,总结的太全啦!

◆1.cost/take/spend/pay 花费

花费时间做某事:

 Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime (in)doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.

某人花钱买某物:

 sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.

※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人, cost 主语是物。

※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ Howdidyouspendyourweekend?

Thesweater________ me90yuan.=I_______90yuanforthesweater.=I_____90yuanonthesweater.

Hespentlotsofmoney________themobilephone.

It________her20minutestogohomeeveryday.=He________20minutes________homeeveryday.

◆2. thanksfor 为…而感谢    

⑴ ______invitingmetoyourbirthdayparty.

thanksto 多亏/由于

⑵______yourhelp.Igotgoodgrades.

◆3. 感叹句:

多么… what+ 名词 

how+ 形容词 / 副词

1.______badweather !

2.______hardheworks !

3.______freshvegetables !

⑷.______cuteamonkeyitis !

◆4. 因为、由于:

 because( 连词 )+从句:

(表示原因)

becauseof(介词短语) + 名词(短语)= thanksto

⑴ Ididn’tgotoschool______Ihadaheadache.

Hewaslateforclass______thebadweather.   

Hecan’tcome_____heisill. 

Manypeoplehaveacold_____thecoldweather.

※ because和 so不能同时连用 .

◆5. 来自:

 befrom=comefrom

⑴ Whereareyoufrom?

=Where______you______ ______?

 

⑵ HeisfromTibet.=He______ ______Tibet. 

◆6.  Howoften 对频率提问(多久一次) →回答用表示频率的副词或短语

Howlong 对一段时间提问(多久) →回答用表示一段时间的状语 

Howsoon 对将来时间提问(多久)→回答用 in+时间段

Howfar 询问多长距离(多长)

⑴-______haveyoubeencollectingthekites?

  -Fortenyears.

⑵-______doyougoshopping?

  -Sometimes.

⑶ -______willyourfathercomeback?

  -Intwoyears.

⑷-_____doyouexercise?

  -Onceaweek. 

⑸-_____isitfromyourhometoschool?

  - Abouttenmiles. 

⑹-_____areyoustayingthere?

   -Twoweeks. 

◆7. 乘交通工具:

 takea/the+交通工具  在句中作谓语

by+交通工具= ona 交通工具 在句中作方式状语

交通工具有:

train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…

⑴ Hetakesabustobank.=Hegoestobankbybus.=Hegoestobankonabus.

⑵ Iwalktoschool.=Igotoschool______.     

※骑自行车、马或驴用ride :

 rideone’sbike / rideahorse / rideadonkey  inone’scar

◆8. 对不起:

 Excuseme (劳驾,客套话)

Sorry ( 表示道歉 )

⑴ ______.WhereisTianfuSquareinChengdu?

 

⑵– Wouldyoumindcleaningyourroom?

 -______.I’lldoitrightaway.

⑶-Don’teatinclass.     -_____.MsClark.

⑷ _____,isthisthewaytothestation?

◆9. 声音:

 sound( 自然界各种声音 )  

noise(噪音)

voice(悦耳的声音:

嗓子)

1Lucyhasasweet______.            

⑵That______likeagoodidea.

⑶Don’tmake______.Thebabyissleeping.

◆10. looklike(外貌看起来像… )  

belike (性格像…)

⑴ Lily_____ _____Lucy.Oh,theyaretwins.   

⑵ Tony______ ______amonkeybecauseheiscuteandplayful.

◆11. take… to …带去   

bring… to … 带来 

fetch 没有方向性(强调来回)

⑴ Tony.______theballhere.Please.

⑵ Myfatheroften______me______concertsonSundays.

⑶ ______yourhomework_____schooltomorrow.

◆12. 一些:

 some 用于肯定句

any 用于否定句和疑问句

⑴ I’dlike______milk.

⑵ – Wouldyoulike______yogurt?

 _Thanks.Idon’twant______.

※在一般疑问句中,认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到对方肯定回答时,也用some.

◆13. 多少:

 Howmany修饰可数名词复数     

Howmuch 修饰不可数名词

1 ______juicedoyouwant?

          

⑵ ______ applesdoyouwant ?

⑶-______ istheT-shirt ?

    –It’s30yuan.

※ Howmuch 可对价钱提问:

Howmucharethepotatoes?

 

◆14.看:

see 强调看的结果

look(at) 不及物动词,强调看的动作

watch 观看:

比赛、电视、表演、电影 

read 读,朗读:

看书、看报、看信、看杂志 

⑴ Don’t  ______inbed.          

⑵ Wewill______abasketballgamethisevening. 

⑶ Please______theblackboard.Everyone.  

⑷ I______abirdinthetreeyesterday. 

※ OnSaturdaynight.Isawaninterestingtalkshow.

 OnSaturdayevening.severalkidswatchedamovie.  watchamovie=gotoamovie

◆15. stopdoingsth 停止做某事→ Pleasestoptalking.    

stoptodosth 停下来去做别的事

⑴ Thegirlsoonstopped______(cry).     

⑵ Hewastiredandstopped______(have)arest. 

◆16.forget/remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作:

△forget/remembertodosth(忘记/记得去做某事)→ Heforgottoturnoffthelight.(没有做关灯的动作)  Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.

forget/remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作:

△forget/rememberdoingsth(忘记/记得做过某事)→ Heforgotturning offthelight. (已做过关灯的动作)  Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?

◆17. 到达… reach+ 地点     

getto+ 地点  reach=getto 

arrive+in+ 大地点

arrive+at+ 小地点

⑴ HereachedLondonyesterday.=He______toLondonyesterday.=He______ inLondonyesterday. 

⑵ Shearrived______thebusstationjustnow. 

⑶ Youshould______(get)homeontime.    

※ 当getto和 arriveat/in后接地点副词时,都不加介词。

如:

gethome getthere 省略 to

◆18. 擅长,在…方面做得好:

 begoodat=dowellin.    

⑴ Sheisgoodatchemistry.=She______ ______ ______chemistry.   

⑵ Niuniuisgoodat______theviolin.=Niuniu______wellin______theviolin.

⑶ LucyandLilyaretwingirls.Lucyisbetter______dancingthanLily.butLily_____ ______insingingthanLucy. 

◆19. win (赢得)接agame、 war 、amatch、 aprize  

beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。

⑴ Whichteam______thefootballmatch?

⑵ WangHao______MaLinand______thechampionoftheMen’sSingles. 

◆20. 借borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth 向某人借某物→ borrow借入

lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→ lend 借出

keep延续性动词,与一段时间连用。

⑴ Canyoulendmeyourbike?

=Canyou______ yourbike______me?

⑵ Youcanborrowsomemoney____yourbrother.=Youcanborrow your brother____ ____.

⑶ -HowlongcanI______thebook?

 -Youcan_____itfortwoweeks.

※类似用法的还有:

buy—have  puton—wear    become—be

leave—beawayfrom  open—beopen   begin—beon

die—bedead       return—beback

①become Hehas______adoctor.

     Hehas______adoctorfor10years.

②begin Thefilmhas______ .

     Thefilmhas_________fortenminutes.

◆21. 能,会。

beableto

       can 

※情态动词后面都接动词原形。

       

⑴ Weshould______abletofinishtheworktomorrow. 

⑵ Ican ______(play)theguitar.         

⑶ He______abletoplaychess.

◆22. toomany 太多—修饰可数名词复数→ Ihavetoomanyrules inmyhouse.

toomuch 太多—修饰不可数名词→ Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.

muchtoo 太 —后跟形容词或副词原级 → Thiscoatismuchtooexpensive.  

⑴ Eating_____ ______isbadforyourhealth.

⑵ It’s ______ ______coldtoday.You’dbetternotgoout.

⑶ Thereare ______ ______studentsinthehallways.It’sdangerous.  

◆23. have/hasbeento 去过某地→HehasbeentoBeijing.(现在不在北京) 

  have/hasgoneto 去了某地→HehasgonetoBeijing.(现在可能在北京,或在去北京的途中)

have / has beenin/at  在某地  

⑴ I haveever_______ ______Americatwice.

⑵ Hehas______ ______Beijingfortenyears.

⑶ –Where isyourbrother?

- He ______ ______toHainan.

⑷ _____youever______ ______Disneyland?

◆24. usedtodosth.过去常做某事→ Thisriverusedtobeveryclean.

be(get)usedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事→ I’mnotusedtogettingupearly.

beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth. 被用于做某事→ Pensareusedforwriting.

⑴ Xiao Gang______ ______ ______afraidofthedark.

⑵ The broomis______ ______cleantheroom.=Thebroomis______ ______cleaningtheroom.

⑶ He______ ______ ______livingcountryside.Thereisfreshairandsweetwell.

⑷ Wood_____ _____ _____ makingpaper.   

◆25. belongto+ 名词 / 人称代词宾格(属于)

   be+ 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词(是)

⑴ Itmust______Ning’s.= Itmust _________ Ning.

⑵ Thepencilmustbe______(my).=Thepencilmustbelongto ______(my).

⑶ Thisball______tome.=Thisballis______.

◆26.         can’t 不可能 0            

表示推测、判断  could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪

must 肯定、一定 100﹪

⑴ TheCD_____belongtoTony.becausehelikeslisteningtomusic.

⑵ Thenotebook______bemine.Ithasmynameonit.

⑶ Thetoy______bemygrandpa.Afterall.Heisanoldman.

◆27. bemadefrom (由…制成)看不出原材料

bemadeof (由…制成)看得出原材料

⑴ Thetable______ ______ ______wood.

⑵ Paper______ ______ ______wood. 

◆28.  prefertodosth 宁愿做某事

prefersth.tosth. 喜欢…而不喜欢…

preferdoingsth.todoingsth. 喜欢做…而不喜欢做…

⑴ Iprefer______(swim)to______ (play)balls.    

⑵ He_______fishtobeef.

⑶ Ipreferto______(walk)towork. 

◆29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词:

 —ed 修饰人—ing 修饰物

⑴ Iwanttogosomewhere______(relaxing/relaxed).

⑵ Sheis______inthis______historystory. (interesting/interested)

※ interesting (有趣的) — interested(感兴趣的) tiring(累人的)— tired(累的,疲倦的)

 boring (令人无聊的)— bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)— excited(激动的)

 surprising(令人惊讶的)— surprised(惊讶的)

relaxing(令人放松的) — relaxed(放松的)

 embarrassing(令人尴尬的;令人为难的) — embarrassed(尴尬的;为难的)

◆30. thenumberof+ 名词复数(…的数量)作主语,谓语用单数。

 

anumberof+ 名词复数(许多、一些)=many

⑴ Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______80.

⑵ ______numberofstudentsareinHelinMiddleSchool.

◆31. for+ 一段时间

since+ 时间点/过去时的句子

⑴ WehavebeenstudyingEnglish______threeyears.

⑵ Hehasbeenstayinghere______hewasfiveyearsold. .

⑶ Wehaven’tseeneachother______tenyearsago. 

※ for和 since 可以相互转换。

如:

Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinsforseveralyears.=Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinssinceseveralyears______.

◆32. 除…之外 except (不包括在内)→ EveryonecouldanswerthisquestionexceptJim.

besides (包括在内)→Therearethreegirlsbesidesme.

⑴ Weallpassedtheexam______LiYang.

⑵ Manyotherstudentslikebasketball______GuoXiaojun.

◆33. already 用于肯定句中(已经)

yet  用于疑问句末(已经)

用于否定句末(还)

1 Haveyouseenthefilm______?

    

⑵ Ihaven’tlockedthedoor______.

⑶ Momhas_______wateredtheflowers.

◆34. 否定祈使句 Don’t+v.   No+v.ing/n.

⑴ Don’tsmokehere.=______ ______here.  

⑵ Don’ttakephotos.=______ ______.

◆35. 也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末

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