怎样做阅读理解题.docx

怎样做阅读理解题.docx

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怎样做阅读理解题

怎样做阅读理解题

——摘自《自学考试题库》网站

阅读理解试题有三段文章构成，每段文章下有若干个问题或不完整的句子，要求从题后的四个选择项中选择一个最符合文章意思的答案。

它的目的是检查考生通过阅读获取信息的能力。

具体地说，它的题目可能涉及的方面主要有：

一、词或短语的意思。

要求确定对了解所读材料的主旨大意、关键事实和对细节有影响的词语的意思；

二、句和句内容之间的联系。

要求考生既能理解个别句子的意思，又能理解上下文的逻辑关系；

三、文章的主题思想和大意。

要求确定文章的中心思想、段落大意或设想文章的标题；

四、句子和文章内在的涵义及推理。

要求既能理解字面意思，又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论；

五、文章作者的态度。

要求根据文章叙事的口气，判断作者的态度和倾向。

阅读理解题在整个考题中篇幅是最大的，因此它不仅要求考生能读懂，还要求有一定的阅读速度。

既然它的目的是检查考生通过阅读获取信息的能力，我们就只要求采取浏览的方式把握文章传递的主要信息，不能像精度课一样逐字逐句地分析钻研，以免耗费过多的时间。

根据英语叙事文和议论文的特点，我们在阅读一篇材料时，要特别注意文章的第一段，尤其是它开头的一、两句话。

因为这些话往往交待了这篇文章要讨论的问题，它的主题也就清楚了。

以后的文字只不过是针对主题进行铺叙或举证说明。

如《样题》

（一）相应部分的第一篇文章，它的第一句话Wheneverarthasfunction,thefunctioninfluencesandoftendeterminestheform.就提出了“功能决定形式”这个思想，下面的所有文字都是围绕这个思想展开的。

它的第一题也是以这句话为基础设计的。

就以后的每一段文字来说，最要注意的也是它的前一、两句话。

还以这篇文字为例，它的第二段第一句说Doorkeysofferanotherinterestingexample.我们说它是这段文字的“主题句”，它告诉我们下面要说的都是关于“钥匙”的事。

而提起钥匙，也是为了要证明“功能决定形式”这一大的主题的。

有的文章摘引得比较完全，这时我们还要注意它最后的几句话。

它们可能是作者所下的结论，这也往往成为命题的目标。

至此，我们可以说已了解了这篇材料的大意，可以准备答题了。

答题时，我们可能从题目本身或所提供的四个供选择的答案中得到一些启示，帮助我们回头从文章中找到一些相关的句子，仔细看一看，总结出正确的答案。

由于问题有限，与问题有关的重要句子也是有限的。

对那些与问题无关的句子，我们常常可以把它们忽略，不必细究。

在阅读中遇到了我们不熟悉的生词怎么办？

要是这个生词不在答题需要的句子中，完全可以忽略不顾。

如果是在那些关键的句子中，我们可以根据上下文得意思猜一猜，常常可以收到效果。

事实上，只要对句子的大意有了眉目，即使对其中某个生词的理解不很有把握，也不一定有很大影响。

最后，要是遇到某个题实在做不出来，不要停留在那儿不动。

要果断地跳过那道题，等到把会做的题做完了，这时你对整篇文章的意思可能有了更深的理解，再回过头来试试这道题，也许就可猜中它的答案了。

大学英语单项训练

各项练习是按由易到难的原则安排的，这样可以适应不同级别的考生的需要。

如果准备时间不够，参加“英语

（一）自学考试”的考生，可以只做每章练习的前三分之二左右。

当然，如果时间允许，把练习都做完，效果将更好。

阅读理解练习1

1

Themarkerisaconcept.Ifyouaregrowingtomatoesinyourbackyardforsaleyouareproducingforthemarket.Youmightsellsometoyourneighborandsometothemanagerofthelocalsupermarket.Butineithercase,youareproducingforthemarker.Youreffortsarebeingdirectedbythemarker.Ifpeoplestopbuyingtomatoes,youwillstopproducingthem.

Ifyoutakecareofasickpersontoearnmoney,youareproducingforthemarker.Ifyourfatherisasteelworkeroratruckdriveroradoctororagrocer,heisproducinggoodsorserviceforthemarket.

Whenyouspendyouincome,youarebuyingthingsfromthemarker.Youmayspendmoneyinstores,supermarkets,gasstations,andrestaurants.Stillyouarebuyingfromthemarket.Whenthelocalgrocerhiresyoutodrivethedeliverytruck,heisbuyingyourlaborinthelabormarket.

Themarkermayseemtobesomethingabstract.Butforeachpersonorbusinesswhoismakingandsellingsomething,it'sveryreal.Ifnobodybuysyourtomatoes,itwon'tbelongbeforeyougetthemessage.Themarketistellingyousomething.It'stellingyouthatyouareusingenergiesandresourcesindoingsomethingthemarketdoesn'twantyoudo.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SellingandBuying

B.WhatIstheMarket

C.EverythingYouDoIsProducingfortheMarket

D.WhattheMarketCanDoforYou?

2.Allofthefollowingactsareproducingforthemarketexcept_________.

A.workinginabank

B.printingabook

C.attendinganightschool

D.growingbeansforsale

3.Youarebuyingfromthemarketwhenyou________.

A.borrowabookfromthelibrary.

B.lookafteryourchildren

C.drivetotheseasideforaholiday

D.dineatarestaurant

4.Theword"real"inthelastparagraphmaymostprobablymean______.

A.serious

B.true

C.important

D.concrete

5.Inwhatwayisthemarketveryrealforeachpersonorbusinesswhoismakingandsellingsomething?

A.Ittellsyouwhattoproduce.

B.Ittellsyouhowtogrowtomatoes.

C.Itprovidesyouwitheverythingyouneed.

D.Ithelpsyousavemoney.

2

Afterinventingdynamite,Swedish-bornAlfredNobelbecameaveryrichman.However,heforesawitsuniversallydestructivepowerstoolate.Nobelpreferrednottoberememberedastheinventorofdynamite,soin1895,justtwoweeksbeforehisdeath,hecreatedafundtobeusedforawardingprizestopeoplewhohadmadeworthwhilecontributionstomankind.Originallytherewerefiveawards:

literature,physics,chemistry,medicine,andpeace.Economicswasaddedin1968,justsixty-sevenyearsafterthefirstawardceremony.

Nobel'soriginallegacyofninemilliondollarswasinvested,andtheinterestonthissumisusedfortheawardswhichvaryfrom$30,000to$125,000.

EveryyearonDecember10,theanniversaryofNobel'sdeath,theawards（goldmedal,illuminateddiploma,andmoney）arepresentedtothewinners.Sometimespoliticsplaysanimportantroleinthejudge'decision.Americanshavewonnumerousscienceawards,butrelativelyfewliteratureprizes.

Noawardswerepresentedfrom1940to1942atthebeginningofWorldWarII.Somepeoplehavewontwoprizes,butthisisrare;othershavesharedprizes.

6.Whendidthefirstawardceremonytakeplace?

A.1895

B.1901

C.1962

D.1968

7.WhywastheNobelPrizeestablished?

A.Torecognizeworthwhilecontributionstohumanity.

B.Toresolvepoliticaldifferences.

C.Tohonortheinventorofdynamite.

D.Tospendmoney

8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Awardsvaryinmonetaryvalue.

B.CeremoniesareheldonDecember10tocommemorateNobel'sinvention.

C.Politicscanplayanimportantroleinselectingthewinners.

D.Afewindividualshavewontwoawards.

9.InwhichareahaveAmericansreceivedthemostawards?

A.literature

B.peace

C.economics

D.science

10.Inhowmanyfieldsareprizesbestowed（授予）?

A.2

B.5

C.6

D.10

3

Veryhighwavesaredestructivewhentheystriketheland.Fortunately,thisseldomhappens.Onereasonisthatoutatsea,wavesmovinginonedirectionalmostalwaysrunintowavesmovinginadifferentdirection.Thetwosetsofwavestendtocanceleachotherout.Anotherreasonisthatwaterisshallowerneartheshore.Asawavegetsclosertoland,theshallowbottomhelpsreduceitsstrength.

Butthepowerofwavesstrikingtheshorecanstillbeverygreat.Duringawintergale,wavessometimesstriketheshorewiththeforceof6,000poundsforeachsquarefoot.Thatmeansawave25feethighand500feetalongitsface,maystriketheshorewithaforceof75millionpounds.

Yetthewaves,nomatterhowbigorhowviolent,affectonlythesurfaceofthesea.Duringthemostragingstorms,thewaterahundredfathoms（600feet）beneaththesurfaceisjustascalmasonadaywithoutabreathofwind.

11.Accordingtothepassage,destructioncausedbyhighwavesoccurs_________.

A.regularly

B.rarely

C.always

D.predictably

12.Weknowfromthispassagethatoutatsea,whenwavesgoinginoppositedirectionsmeet,theirforce________.

A.causesgreatdamage

B.extendstotheoceanfloor

C.isliabletolessen

D.increaserapidly

13.Itisclearfromthepassagethatcoastaldepth_______.

A.istheonlyfactorinfluencingthestrengthofhighwaves

B.influencesthepowerofhighwaves

C.hasnoinfluenceuponthestrengthofveryhighwaves

D.isirrelevanttothequestionofthepowerofhighwaves

14.Fromthesecondparagraphofthepassageweknowthatthepowerofveryhighwavesstrikingtheshoreis________.

A.constant

B.equalized

C.variable

D.perpetual

15.Fromyourreadingofthepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Atadepthof1,200feettheeffectsofaviolentsurfacestormarefrightful.

B.Asubmarinecommandernavigatinghisvesselatadepthof700feetwillnotbeaffectedbyaragingsurfacestorm.

C.Atyphoon500milesoutatseacanstiruptheoceanfloor.

D.Ifhighwavescanstriketheshorewithahorizontalforceof75millionpounds,theverticalforceofsuchwavescanhaveanevengreatereffectupontheoceanfloor.

4

Whydon'tbirdsgetlostontheirlongflightsfromoneplacetoanother?

Scientistshavepuzzledoverthisquestionformanyyears.Nowthey'rebeginningtofillintheblanks.

Notlongago,experimentsshowedthatbirdsrelyonthesuntoguidethemduringdaylighthours.Butwhataboutbirdsthatflybynight?

Testswithartificialstarshaveprovedthatcertainnight-flyingbirdsareabletofollowthestarsintheirlong-distanceflights.

Adovehadspentitslifetimeinacageandhadneverflownunderanaturalsky.Yetitshowedaninbornabilitytousethestarsforguidance.Thebird'scagewasplacedunderaartificialstar-filledsky.Thebirdtriedtoflyinthesamedirectionasthattakenbyhisoutdoorcousins.Anychangeinthepositionoftheartificialstarscausedachangeinthedirectionofhisflight.

Butthestarsareapparentlytheirprincipalmeansofnavigation.Whenthestarsarehiddenbyclouds,theyapparentlyfindtheirwaybysuchlandmarksasmountainranges,coastlines,andrivercourses.Butwhenit'stoodarktoseethese,thedovescirclehelplessly,unabletofindtheirway.

16.Thereasonwhybirdsdon'tgetlostonlongflights_________.

A.hasbeenknowntoscientistsforyears

B.hasonlyrecentlybeendiscovered

C.isknownbyeveryone

D.willprobablyremainamystery

17.Duringdaylighthours,birds_______.

A.flyaimlessly

B.relyonlandmarks

C.usethesunforguidance

D.aremorelikelytogetlost

18.By"hisoutdoorcousins"theauthormeans__________.

A.otherexperimenters

B.theotherdovesofthesamebrood

C.dovesunderthenaturalsky

D.otherbirdsingeneral

19.Theexperimentwiththedoveindicatedthat__________.

A.birdshavetothetaughttonavigate

B.abirdthathasbeencagedwillnotflylongdistances

C.somebirdscannotflyatnight

D.somebirdsseemtofollowthestarswhentheyflyatnight

20.Intotaldarkness,doves____________.

A.uselandmarks

B.don'tknowwhichwaytofly

C.flybackhome

D.waitforthestarstoappear

5

Withtheinventionanddevelopmentoftelevision,entertainmenthasgrownmuchmorevisualincharacterandisdemandinglessandlessuseoftheimagination,consideredbymanytobeman'sgre