北京大学17春秋36081003大学英语3第3组课程作业.docx
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北京大学17春秋36081003大学英语3第3组课程作业
一、阅读理解（共40题，每题1分，共40分）
1）.
Astheschoolyearkicksoff,parentsareonceagainstragglingtocajole（哄编）and,ifneedbe,dragtheirexhaustedteensoutofbed.Thatimagemaymakeyoulaugh,butlackofsleepisnojoke.Teenagerswhodon’tgetenoughresthavemorelearning,health,behaviorandmoodproblemsthanstudentswhogetatleastninehoursanight.Long-termlackofsleepistiedtoheartdisease,overweight,depressionandashortenedlifespaninadults,indicatingtheimportanceofestablishinggoodsleephabitsearlyinlife.Lackofsleepcanbeespeciallydeadlyforteens;caraccidentsaretheleadingcauseofdeathamongteenagers,andsafetyexpertsbelievesleepydrivingisamajorfactor.
Unfortunately,fewteenagersgetthesleeptheyneed.Inasurveyofmiddle-andhigh-schoolstudents,UniversityofColoradoresearchersfoundthat82percentsaidtheywokeuptiredandunrefreshed,andmorethanhalfhadtroubleconcentratingduringthedayatleastonceaweek.
Blamemultitaskingforsomeofthis.Manystudentsarejugglingafter-schoolactivities,homeworkandpart-timejobs.Evenwhentheymanagetofulfilltheseobligationsbyareasonablehour,television,theInternet,videogames,phonecallsandtextmessagestofriendsoftenkeepthemawakedeepintothenight.Takingsodaandenergydrinkslateinthedayandgoingtolate-nightpartiesonweekendsaddtosleepdebt.Biologyalsoworksagainstteenagers’sleep,Thebody’sinternalclock,whichcontrolswhenapersonstartstofeeltired,shiftsafterpuberty（青春期）,makingithardformostteenstofallasleepbefore11pm.Classusuallybeginsbefore8:
15am,withmanyhighschoolsstartingasearlyas7:
15am.Togettoschoolontime,mostteenshavetogetupby6:
30am,guaranteeingthey’llbesleep-deprivedduringtheweek.Teensoftensleepmuchlateronweekendstocatchup,makingitevenhardertofallasleeponSundaynightandwakeupMondaymorning.Playingcatch-uponweekendsalsodoesn’thelpteensstayrefreshedwhentheyneeditmost:
duringtheweekatschool.
Sincethe1990s,middleandhighschoolsinmorethantwodozenstateshaveexperimentedwithlaterschoolstarttimes.Theresultshavebeenencouraging:
moresleep,increasedattendance,bettergradesandfewerdrivingaccidents.Butmostschoolsstillstartearly,meaningteenshavetheirworkcutoutforthemiftheywanttogetenoughsleep.
1.Accordingtothepassage,poorsleepcanbelinkedtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT
A.heartdisease
B.caraccidents
C.skinproblems
D.poorconcentration
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3-1-1-1
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2.ThemainideaofParagraph3is___
A.howsleepdeprivation（缺乏）canbetreated
B.whatcausessleepdeprivation
C.whoismostatriskforsleepdeprivation
D.whysleepdeprivationisaseriousconcern
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3-1-1-2
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3.Whatdoestheword“juggling”inParagraph3probablymean?
A.Dealingwithatthesametime.
B.Strikingabalancebetween.
C.Applyingfor.
D.Havingdifficultyin.
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3-1-1-3
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4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtoblameforteenagers’lackofsleep?
A.Multitasking.
B.Biologicalclock.
C.Weekendcatch-upsleep.
D.Healthydiet.
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3-1-1-4
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5.Accordingtothepassage,whathavesomeschoolsdonetohelptheirstudentsgetenoughsleep?
A.Educatingtheirstudentsabouttheimportanceofsleep.
B.Monitoringtheirstudents’late-nightactivities.
C.Delayingschoolstarttimes.
D.Settingstrictrules.
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3-1-1-5
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2）.
Thetopoftheworldisawonderland.Inwinter,thetemperatureoftenfallsto-30°Fandthesunneverrises.Theoceanissurroundedbyfrozenground.Therearefewpeopleortrees,buttopolarbears,theArctic（北极）ishome.
Polarbearshavethickfur,bigpawsandotherfeaturesthatmakethemwellpreparedforlifeintheirtoughenvironment.Infact,theyneedtheArcticseaiceforsurvival.Butclimatechangeiscausinglargerandlargerareasofsummerseaicetomelt（融化）.Expertssaythatifwarmingpatternscontinue,theArcticcouldbefreeofsummerseaiceby2050.Thatmaycausetwo-thirdsoftheworld's20,000polarbearstobegonebythentoo.
Polarbearscan'tsurviveforlongonland.Sealsaretheirmainsourceoffood.Theonlyplacewherepolarbearscanhuntsealsisontheice.Althoughthesebearsarestrongswimmers,theyarenomatchforlightningswiftsealsinthewater.Apolarbearhasbrilliantlycleverstrategiestoovercomethisdisadvantage.Inwinterthebearwaitsmotionlessbesideaseal'sbreathinghole,whichisanarrowtunnelthroughtheice.Oftenmanyhourspassbeforethesealcomesupforairandthebearkillsitwithapowerfulblowofitspaw.Insummer,thepolarbearsthatliveonlandeatverylittleandwaitfortheseaicetoreturn.
Withtheseaiceforminglaterintheyearandmeltingearlier,polarbearsdonothaveenoughopportunitytohuntandeat.Lessseaicemakesitharderforthebearstocatchtheseals.Thebearsmustswimlongerdistancesbetweenicepacks（大片浮冰）,andtheycan'talwaysmakeit.Theiceisalsogettingthinner.Theseconditionscancausepolar-bearcabstobecomeseparatedfromtheirmothers,whoprovidethemwithfood.
StevenAmstrupisthechiefscientistofPolarBearsInternational.Thegroupaimstosavethebearsandtheirhome."Themorepeoplewhoseepolarbearsandunderstandtheirdifficultsituation,thebetterthechancewe'llalterourwarmingpathintimetosavethem,"hesays.
6.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ClimateChangeintheArctic
B.HowtoProtecttheEnvironment
C.TheArcticIsHometoPolarBears
D.PolarBearsinDanger
试题编号：
3-1-2-1
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7.Wheredopolarbearsusuallyhuntseals?
A.Onland.
B.Inopenwater.
C.Inopeningsintheseaice.
D.Atthebottomofthesea.
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3-1-2-2
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8.Theword"cubs"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____.
A.adults
B.babies
C.hunters
D.enemies
试题编号：
3-1-2-3
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9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Starvingpolarbearsareincreasinglycomingintovillages,wheretheymaybekilledeitherforfoodorsafety.
B.Polarbearscanspendtheirentirelivesonlandiftheseaicemeltscompletely.
C.Two-thirdsoftheworld'spolarbearsmaydisappearby2050asglobalwarmingcontinues.
D.Thegrowingdistancebetweenicepacksisnotaproblemforpolarbears,becausetheyareexcellentswimmers.
试题编号：
3-1-2-4
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10.What'sthemissionofPolarBearsInternational?
A.Savingenergy.
B.Conductingscientificresearch.
C.Seekinginternationalcooperation.
D.Savingpolarbearsandtheirhome.
试题编号：
3-1-2-5
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3）.
For20monthsthewreckedCostaConcordiahasbeenlyingonitssidenearthecoastofGiglio，asmallItalianisland.ButonTuesday,aspartofthelargestsalvage（打捞）operationeverconducted，thelargeshipwasfinallymovedtotheuprightposition.Thenextstepisforthevesseltoberemovedfromtheareaentirely.
TheCostaConcordiaistwicetheweightoftheTitanic.Theshipitselfdidn’tbudge（稍微移动）forthefirstthreehoursoftheoperation,SergioGirottotoldreporters.Heandotherengineersworkedfor19hoursbeforeConcordiawasdeclaredcompletelyupright.
TheCostaConcordiacapsizedonJanuary13,2012，afteritscaptain,FrancescoSchettino，broughttheshiptooclosetotheshore.Theshiphitcoastalrocks,whichcausedseriousdamageandallowedwatertopourin.Mostofthe4,200peopleonboardmadeittolandsafely,butmorethan30peoplewerekilledinthedisaster.Twopeopleremainmissing.TheConcordia’scaptainiscurrentlyontrialforcausingashipwreckandabandoninghisship.
Theoperationtorighttheshipiscalledparbuckling.Whileparbucklingisastandardoperationtorightcapsizedships，ithasneverbeforebeenusedonsuchalargeship.Workershadbeenwaitingforfavorableweatherconditionstoundertaketheoperation.OnMonday，authoritiesgavethefinalgo-ahead.
Theprocesswasexpectedtotakenomorethan12hours.Butproblemswiththelargesystemofsteelchainscauseddelays.Engineersworkedthroughthenightusingcablesandmetalwatertankstorolltheshipontospecialplatforms.
TheConcordiaisexpectedtobepulledawayfromGigliointhespringof2014andturnedintoscrapmetal（废金属）.Theship’sowner,CostaCruises,willpayfortherecovery,whichhasalreadycostmorethan$800million.
11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ShipSafetyManagement
B.Shipwrecks:
anEnvironmentalThreat
C.TheCostaConcordiaDisaster
D.TheCostaConcordiaSalvage
试题编号：
3-1-3-1
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12.Theword“capsized”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______
A.turnedover
B.delayed
C.departed
D.setsail
试题编号：
3-1-3-2
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13.Accordingtothepassage,theConcordia’scaptainhasbeenchargedwithcausingthecrashand______.
A.druguse
B.alcoholabuse
C.abandoninghispost
D.settingfire
试题编号：
3-1-3-3
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14.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.TheCostaConcordiaisthreetimestheweightoftheTitanic.
B.EngineersinItalyhavesuccessfullyrightedthewreckedConcordiaafteranoperationthatlastedaround12hours.
C.Thesalvageoperationwentaheaddespitebadweatherconditions.
D.Asacommonmeansofrightingwreckedships,parbucklinghadneverbeencarriedoutonavesseloftheConcordia’ssize.
试题编号：
3-1-3-4
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15.WhatwillhappentotheConcordiaeventually?
A.Itwillbepulledawaytobebrokenupforscrapmetal.
B.Itwillberepairedandputintouseagain.
C.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseumfortourists.
D.Itwillbesunktotheoceanfloor.
试题编号：
3-1-3-5
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4）.
Whenwe’relearningaforeignlanguage,makingsenseofwhatwehearisthefirststeptowardfluency.Itsoundsobvious,butuntilrecently,wedidn’tknowmuchabouthowlisteningworks.Newresearchdemonstratesthateffectivelisteninginvolvesmorethansimplyhearingthewordsthatfloatpastourears.Rather,it’sanactiveprocessofreceivinginformationandmakingmeaning.Thiskindofengagedlisteningisaskillthat’sascriticalforlearningarangeofsubjectsatschoolandworkasitisforl
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