英语国家概况美国文化历史人文环境.docx
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英语国家概况美国文化历史人文环境
PartThreeTheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Chapter13Geography
第一部分:
LocationandSize
1.美国的地理位置:
ThecontinentalUnitedStatesliesincentralNorthAmericawithCanadatoitsnorth,MexicoandtheGulfofMexicotoitssouth,theAtlanticOceantoitseastandthePacificOceantoitswest.
2.识记:
ThetwoneweststatesAlaskaandHawaiiareseparatedfromthecontinentalUnitedStates.
3.简答:
WhydoestheUnitedStateshaveanideallocationfortrade?
TheUnitedStatehasanideallocationfortrade.ItsAtlanticcoastfacesthedevelopedcountriesofWesternEuropeanditsPacificcoastandHawaiigivethenationanapproachtotheFarEastandAustralia.
(澳大拉西亚:
一个不明确的地理名词,一般指澳大利亚,新西兰及附近南太平洋诸岛,有时也泛指大洋洲和太平洋岛屿)
4.美国最大和最小的州:
OfallthestatesAlaskaisthelargestinareaandRhodeIslandisthesmallest,butonthemainlandTexasisthelargeststateofthecountry.
5.美国两大主要山系:
theAppalachianMountainsandtheRockymountains
6.落基山脉的最高峰:
theElbert
7.落基山脉--大陆分水岭:
TheRockies,thebackboneoftheNorthAmericancontinent,isalsoknownastheContinentalDivide.
8.名词解释:
theContinentalDivide(金鸡落下[落基],座北朝南[north-southline],东边的翅膀沾满蜂蜜[密西西比]和墨水[墨西哥湾];西边的翅膀挥舞着和太平洋边上的加州旅馆say“Hello”!
)
-----TheRockies,thebackboneoftheNorthAmericancontinent,isalsoknownastheContinentalDivide,itisanimaginarynorth-southlinethatseparatesthemajorriversystemsoftheUnitedStates.Theriversthatdescend
fromtheeasternslopesoftheRockiesflowintotheMississippiandGulfofMexico.ThosethatbeginonthewesternslopesoftheRockiesflowtothePacificOceanandtheGulfofCalifornia.
9.有关theMississippi的重点:
(记密西西比的发源地:
想象:
秘密[密西西比]地从湖里舀了杯苏打[明尼苏达]水喝下去,嘻嘻地笑了)
LyingbetweentheAppalachianMountainsandtheRockyMountainsisoneoftheworld’sgreatcontinentalrivers—theMississippi.TheMississippiproperrisesinthelakeregioninNorthMinnesotaandflowssouthtotheGulfofMexico.TheMississippihasbeencalled“fatherofwaters”or“oldmanriver”.(英语里father=oldman)
10.TheOhioRiver的别称:
(鹅害鹅[Ohio],鹅害怕,骑着鹿儿[Ruhr],逃跑了。
)
TheOhioRiverhasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr(aftertheRuhrRiverinGermany).
11.太平洋沿岸的河流:
OnthePacificsidetherearetwogreatrivers:
theColoradointhesouth,andtheColumbia,whichrisesinCanada.(科学家和一哥们[科:
科罗拉多;哥:
哥伦比亚]在太平洋岸边信口开河,开出了两条大河。
)
12.美国的大湖区:
ThemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStatesaretheGreatLakes.TheyareLakesuperior,whichisthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld,LakeMichigan(theonlyoneentirelyintheU.S.),LakeHuron,LakeErieandLakeOntario.
注:
可以用Homes这个单词来帮助同学们记忆美国的五大湖,H代表LakeHuron,O代表LakeOntario,M代表LakeMichigan,E代表LakeErie,S代表LakeSuperior.其中LakeSuperior是世界上最大的淡水湖,LakeMichigan完全在美国境内[为什么LakeMichigan完全在美国境内呢,因为它和America一样有个M字!
]
13.五大湖的重要性:
TheGreatLakesaretheeconomiclifelineoftheMidwest,theyprovidecheaptransportationformaterials
14.简答:
Whatarethebenefitsofthelakes,riversandseacoastsoftheUnitedStates?
(想象:
字头H-N-H是不是都很象河流的形状呢,它们代表三个单词,Harbor-Network-Hydroelectric!
)
-----Thelongandirregularseacoastsprovidemanyexcellentharbors.AlargenetworkoflakesandtheAtlanticandGulfriverslinkstheinteriorofthecountrywiththecoastalcities.Manyswiftriversprovidegoodsourcesofhydroelectricpower.
15.论述:
(这道题可以理解后记忆。
四个因素,纬度/水/流(currents)/山.谐音+想象:
一根芦苇顺着水流到了山上。
)
WhatarethefactorswhichinfluencetheclimateoftheUnitedStates?
(1).TheUnitedStatesislocatedinthemiddlelatitudesnorthoftheequator.LikeChinamanyseasonalchangesarefoundthere.
(2).ThecilmateoftheUnitedStatesisinfluencedbytheAtlanticandPacificOceans,theGulfofMexico,andtheGreatLakes.Theselargebodiesofwaterhelpkeeptemperaturesmoderateintheregionsborderingthem.
(3).Oceancurrents(水流)influencetheclimateoverwideregions.ThesoutheasterncoastiswarmedbytheGulfStream.NewEnglandiscooledbythewatersoftheLabradorCurrent,whichenterstheGulfofMaine.
(4).ThewesternmountainrangeshaveanimportanteffectontheclimateoftheFarEast.TheSierraNevadaandCascademountainrangespreventwesterlywindsfrombringingmoisturetotheintermountainregionoftheWest.TheInteriorPlainsoftheMidwest,ontheotherland,areexposedtoboththecoldnorthernwindsfromCanadaandthetropicalwindsfromtheGulfofMexico.
16.有关NewEngland的重点:
(字头+小故事记忆新英格兰:
新英格兰是这么个小孩,一出生就和爸妈闹独立,自己上了三个大学,然后去打工,赚了很多钱,到处去旅游,洋洋得意,后来人们都叫他“扬基佬”)
---NewEnglandissometimescalledthebirthplaceofAmerica.ItwasthechiefcenteroftheAmericanWarofIndependenceof1776andwasalsothenation’sfirstindustrialarea.
---NewEnglandisalsowell-knownforitspositionineducation.Yale,Harvard,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)arelocatedhere.(字头+谐音记这三个大学:
雅[Yale]马[马萨诸塞]哈[哈佛]!
)
---BecauseofNewEngland’scoolclimate,beautifulscenery,andplacesofhistoricinterest,tourismisquitedevelopedhereandisoneofthemostprofitableindustries.
---NewEnglanderswereoriginallyknownasYankees,whichcametostandforallAmericans.
17.为什么Midwest的农业比较发达?
(Midwest,种田方法中西[Midwest]结合,农业当然发达!
)
-----Midwestisalowarea.Manypartsareflat.Theclimateishumidcontinental.Thesoilisrich,therainusuallyplentifulandthegrowingseasonlong.ThesefactorsmaketheMidwestAmerica’smostimportantagriculturalarea.
18.关于Chicago:
Chicago,thelargestandbusiestportontheGreatLakes,isthelargestindustrialandcommercialcenterofthearea.ChicagoisalsotheculturalcapitaloftheMidwest.
19.Omaha,knownastheagriculturalcapitaloftheUnitedStates.(在美国的农业之都,人们每天都用白色的,香喷喷的藕[O]喂给马[ma]吃,马吃得很开心,哈哈[ha]大笑!
)
20.TheSouthnowcontains90%oftheAmericantextileindustry.
21.TheWest被分为三部分:
TheWestcanbedividedintothreeparts:
theGreatPlains;theRockyMountains;theIntermountainBasinandPlateaus.(想象:
太阳下山了[暗指美国西部],无数的公鸡落在[落基]一望无际的大草原上,在盆子[盆地]里啄着高高的原子弹[高原]。
)
22.Coloradohasbeencalledthesteelcityofthewest.
23.美国著名的国家公园:
(好记啊:
一只落汤鸡飞到一条冰河上,饿晕了,拼命啄着黄石,以为是黄色的谷子呢。
)
YellowstoneNationalPark/RockyMountainNationalPark/GlacierNationalPark
24.胡佛水坝(留着白胡子的大佛站在高高的水坝上,一脚踩在花[内华达]上,一脚踩在鸭梨[亚利桑那]上。
)
HooverDambuiltontheborderbetweenNevadaandArizonaisoneofthehighestdamsintheUnitedStates.
25.科罗拉多大峡谷
TheGrandCanyoninnorth-westernArizonaisoneofnature’smostimpressivesights.Thebrightcolorsofthecanyonwallsareawonderfulsight.
26.TheIntermountainarea的各大城市及其特点:
---Phoenixisthelargestcityinthisarea.Itisfamousasahealthresortandvacationspot.(凤凰是山里面最大的鸟,人们从四面八方跑来问它长生不老的秘密,然后在这里度假。
)
---Tucsonisawell-knownwinterresort(Tucson=图生,谐音+想象:
冬天用一大堆花花绿绿的图书生火取暖,所以是个Winterresort,不怕冷啊,哈!
)
---AlbuquerqueisacentrefortouringthelandsofNativeAmericanPeoplesandisthesiteofNewMexico’sstateuniversity.
---SaltLakeCityisthecentreoftransportationandtradeforalargepartofthearea.ThelargestgroupsofNativeAmericansarefoundontheColoradoPlateau.
27.关于theregionofthePacificCoast的重点:
TheregionofthePacificCoastischaracterizedbyaseriesofmountainrangesandfertilerivervalleys.
California’sImperialValleyisoneoftheworld’smostfamousirrigatedareas.
28.关于Hawaii:
(记MaunaLoa谐音:
快告诉大家,夏[夏威夷]天很热的时候,火山爆发喷出无数“玛瑙喽”!
)
MaunaLoa,theworld’slargestactivevolcano,islocatedonHawaiianderuptsfromtimetotime.
TourismisHawaii’smostimportantindustry.
HonoluluisthecapitalofHawaii.
Chapter14Population,RaceandEthnicGroups
1.关于美国人口:
TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,withapopulationof255.5millioninJuly1992,isthethirdmostpopulationcountryintheworldafterChinaandIndia.
Immigrationaccountsforamajorsourceofpopulationgrowth.
2.*TheUnitedStateshadamoreorlessopen-doorpolicytoimmigrantsfromindependenceuntilthe1960s.
*EllisIslandofNewYorkwasanimportantimmigrationreceptionspotinthe1890sandattheturnofthecentury.(Ellis,[Elton的妹妹]你想移民美国吗,很简单,1。
你的托福要60分及格;2。
你要经济独立)
3.简答:
WhytheUnitedStateshaslongbeenknownasanationofimmigrants?
-----TheUnitedStateshaslongbeenknownasanationofimmigrantsbecausemanyofitspeopledescendfromsettlerswhocamefromallovertheworldtomaketheirhomesinthenewlandthenpopulatedbynativeAmericantribes.
4.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefromEnglandandtheNetherlands.
5.名词解释:
indenturedservants(indenture:
契约)[理解记忆:
为别人打工做为路费去新大陆淘金。
]
-----InearlysettlementinAmerica,somecametothenewContinentasindenturedservants.ThesewerepoorpeopleinEuropewhowantedtoseekbetterlifeinAmericayethadnomoneytopaythecross-Atlanticfare.Theysignedcontractswithcompaniesorindividuals,committingtoworkfortheirmastersaspecifiedterminexchangeforthejourney’sexpensestoAmerica.
6.thelargestimmigrationmovementtookplacein1815(谐音+想象:
1815=尾巴,一,舞。
无数的移民挂在一条无比巨大的尾巴上一路欢歌跳舞,进入了美国。
)
7.论述题:
Saysomethingaboutthethreeimmigrationwaves.(三次移民潮[用衣,鹅,山代表一二三][大灰狼的故事:
大灰狼是一个移民,刚到美国的时候穿了一件彩色的棒球衣,用尾巴(18)打棒球(10),它那不三不四(1830sand1840s)的怪样子居然拿到了最高分(highestpoint),结果人们尊称它为“尾巴师父”(1845);后来大灰狼骑在一头鹅的背上,尾巴象柳枝(1860)一样摇摇摆摆的,象是喝醉酒(1890);然后它跑到一座最大的山上用尾巴猜酒令(1890),喝得烂醉如泥,要死(14=1914)要活的发酒疯。
。
]
-----Thefirstimmigrationwavebeganinthemid1810s,grewsteadilyduringthe1830sand40sandreachedthehighestpointin1845.Thesecondwavecoveredtheperiodbetween1860and1890.Thethirdwavewasthelargestofhethree,ithappenedbetween1890and1914.
8.MobilityisconsideredtobeoneofthecharacteristicsoftheAmericanpeople.
9.论述题:
Describethe4populationmovementsintheU.S.(美国人口四次国内迁移)
答题要点:
(关键字+想象:
西进/城市化/黑人/阳光地带。
西城区黑压压一大片乌云把太阳遮住了。
1。
内战的时候,战争这个巨人把人们象干草一样一把把拎[1880]到了西部。
2。
城里人都喜欢用尾巴行酒令[1890],谁输了就要喝蚂蚁酒[19],举