英语国家概况美国文化历史人文环境.docx

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英语国家概况美国文化历史人文环境

PartThreeTheUnitedStatesofAmerica

Chapter13Geography

第一部分:

LocationandSize

1.美国的地理位置:

ThecontinentalUnitedStatesliesincentralNorthAmericawithCanadatoitsnorth,MexicoandtheGulfofMexicotoitssouth,theAtlanticOceantoitseastandthePacificOceantoitswest.

2.识记:

ThetwoneweststatesAlaskaandHawaiiareseparatedfromthecontinentalUnitedStates.

3.简答:

WhydoestheUnitedStateshaveanideallocationfortrade?

TheUnitedStatehasanideallocationfortrade.ItsAtlanticcoastfacesthedevelopedcountriesofWesternEuropeanditsPacificcoastandHawaiigivethenationanapproachtotheFarEastandAustralia.

(澳大拉西亚:

一个不明确的地理名词,一般指澳大利亚,新西兰及附近南太平洋诸岛,有时也泛指大洋洲和太平洋岛屿)

4.美国最大和最小的州:

OfallthestatesAlaskaisthelargestinareaandRhodeIslandisthesmallest,butonthemainlandTexasisthelargeststateofthecountry.

5.美国两大主要山系:

theAppalachianMountainsandtheRockymountains

6.落基山脉的最高峰:

theElbert

7.落基山脉--大陆分水岭:

TheRockies,thebackboneoftheNorthAmericancontinent,isalsoknownastheContinentalDivide.

8.名词解释:

theContinentalDivide(金鸡落下[落基],座北朝南[north-southline],东边的翅膀沾满蜂蜜[密西西比]和墨水[墨西哥湾];西边的翅膀挥舞着和太平洋边上的加州旅馆say“Hello”!

-----TheRockies,thebackboneoftheNorthAmericancontinent,isalsoknownastheContinentalDivide,itisanimaginarynorth-southlinethatseparatesthemajorriversystemsoftheUnitedStates.Theriversthatdescend

fromtheeasternslopesoftheRockiesflowintotheMississippiandGulfofMexico.ThosethatbeginonthewesternslopesoftheRockiesflowtothePacificOceanandtheGulfofCalifornia.

9.有关theMississippi的重点:

(记密西西比的发源地:

想象:

秘密[密西西比]地从湖里舀了杯苏打[明尼苏达]水喝下去,嘻嘻地笑了)

LyingbetweentheAppalachianMountainsandtheRockyMountainsisoneoftheworld’sgreatcontinentalrivers—theMississippi.TheMississippiproperrisesinthelakeregioninNorthMinnesotaandflowssouthtotheGulfofMexico.TheMississippihasbeencalled“fatherofwaters”or“oldmanriver”.(英语里father=oldman)

10.TheOhioRiver的别称:

(鹅害鹅[Ohio],鹅害怕,骑着鹿儿[Ruhr],逃跑了。

TheOhioRiverhasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr(aftertheRuhrRiverinGermany).

11.太平洋沿岸的河流:

OnthePacificsidetherearetwogreatrivers:

theColoradointhesouth,andtheColumbia,whichrisesinCanada.(科学家和一哥们[科:

科罗拉多;哥:

哥伦比亚]在太平洋岸边信口开河,开出了两条大河。

12.美国的大湖区:

ThemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStatesaretheGreatLakes.TheyareLakesuperior,whichisthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld,LakeMichigan(theonlyoneentirelyintheU.S.),LakeHuron,LakeErieandLakeOntario.

注:

可以用Homes这个单词来帮助同学们记忆美国的五大湖,H代表LakeHuron,O代表LakeOntario,M代表LakeMichigan,E代表LakeErie,S代表LakeSuperior.其中LakeSuperior是世界上最大的淡水湖,LakeMichigan完全在美国境内[为什么LakeMichigan完全在美国境内呢,因为它和America一样有个M字!

]

13.五大湖的重要性:

TheGreatLakesaretheeconomiclifelineoftheMidwest,theyprovidecheaptransportationformaterials

14.简答:

Whatarethebenefitsofthelakes,riversandseacoastsoftheUnitedStates?

(想象:

字头H-N-H是不是都很象河流的形状呢,它们代表三个单词,Harbor-Network-Hydroelectric!

-----Thelongandirregularseacoastsprovidemanyexcellentharbors.AlargenetworkoflakesandtheAtlanticandGulfriverslinkstheinteriorofthecountrywiththecoastalcities.Manyswiftriversprovidegoodsourcesofhydroelectricpower.

15.论述:

(这道题可以理解后记忆。

四个因素,纬度/水/流(currents)/山.谐音+想象:

一根芦苇顺着水流到了山上。

WhatarethefactorswhichinfluencetheclimateoftheUnitedStates?

(1).TheUnitedStatesislocatedinthemiddlelatitudesnorthoftheequator.LikeChinamanyseasonalchangesarefoundthere.

(2).ThecilmateoftheUnitedStatesisinfluencedbytheAtlanticandPacificOceans,theGulfofMexico,andtheGreatLakes.Theselargebodiesofwaterhelpkeeptemperaturesmoderateintheregionsborderingthem.

(3).Oceancurrents(水流)influencetheclimateoverwideregions.ThesoutheasterncoastiswarmedbytheGulfStream.NewEnglandiscooledbythewatersoftheLabradorCurrent,whichenterstheGulfofMaine.

(4).ThewesternmountainrangeshaveanimportanteffectontheclimateoftheFarEast.TheSierraNevadaandCascademountainrangespreventwesterlywindsfrombringingmoisturetotheintermountainregionoftheWest.TheInteriorPlainsoftheMidwest,ontheotherland,areexposedtoboththecoldnorthernwindsfromCanadaandthetropicalwindsfromtheGulfofMexico.

16.有关NewEngland的重点:

(字头+小故事记忆新英格兰:

新英格兰是这么个小孩,一出生就和爸妈闹独立,自己上了三个大学,然后去打工,赚了很多钱,到处去旅游,洋洋得意,后来人们都叫他“扬基佬”)

---NewEnglandissometimescalledthebirthplaceofAmerica.ItwasthechiefcenteroftheAmericanWarofIndependenceof1776andwasalsothenation’sfirstindustrialarea.

---NewEnglandisalsowell-knownforitspositionineducation.Yale,Harvard,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)arelocatedhere.(字头+谐音记这三个大学:

雅[Yale]马[马萨诸塞]哈[哈佛]!

---BecauseofNewEngland’scoolclimate,beautifulscenery,andplacesofhistoricinterest,tourismisquitedevelopedhereandisoneofthemostprofitableindustries.

---NewEnglanderswereoriginallyknownasYankees,whichcametostandforallAmericans.

17.为什么Midwest的农业比较发达?

(Midwest,种田方法中西[Midwest]结合,农业当然发达!

-----Midwestisalowarea.Manypartsareflat.Theclimateishumidcontinental.Thesoilisrich,therainusuallyplentifulandthegrowingseasonlong.ThesefactorsmaketheMidwestAmerica’smostimportantagriculturalarea.

18.关于Chicago:

Chicago,thelargestandbusiestportontheGreatLakes,isthelargestindustrialandcommercialcenterofthearea.ChicagoisalsotheculturalcapitaloftheMidwest.

19.Omaha,knownastheagriculturalcapitaloftheUnitedStates.(在美国的农业之都,人们每天都用白色的,香喷喷的藕[O]喂给马[ma]吃,马吃得很开心,哈哈[ha]大笑!

20.TheSouthnowcontains90%oftheAmericantextileindustry.

21.TheWest被分为三部分:

TheWestcanbedividedintothreeparts:

theGreatPlains;theRockyMountains;theIntermountainBasinandPlateaus.(想象:

太阳下山了[暗指美国西部],无数的公鸡落在[落基]一望无际的大草原上,在盆子[盆地]里啄着高高的原子弹[高原]。

22.Coloradohasbeencalledthesteelcityofthewest.

23.美国著名的国家公园:

(好记啊:

一只落汤鸡飞到一条冰河上,饿晕了,拼命啄着黄石,以为是黄色的谷子呢。

YellowstoneNationalPark/RockyMountainNationalPark/GlacierNationalPark

24.胡佛水坝(留着白胡子的大佛站在高高的水坝上,一脚踩在花[内华达]上,一脚踩在鸭梨[亚利桑那]上。

HooverDambuiltontheborderbetweenNevadaandArizonaisoneofthehighestdamsintheUnitedStates.

25.科罗拉多大峡谷

TheGrandCanyoninnorth-westernArizonaisoneofnature’smostimpressivesights.Thebrightcolorsofthecanyonwallsareawonderfulsight.

26.TheIntermountainarea的各大城市及其特点:

---Phoenixisthelargestcityinthisarea.Itisfamousasahealthresortandvacationspot.(凤凰是山里面最大的鸟,人们从四面八方跑来问它长生不老的秘密,然后在这里度假。

---Tucsonisawell-knownwinterresort(Tucson=图生,谐音+想象:

冬天用一大堆花花绿绿的图书生火取暖,所以是个Winterresort,不怕冷啊,哈!

---AlbuquerqueisacentrefortouringthelandsofNativeAmericanPeoplesandisthesiteofNewMexico’sstateuniversity.

---SaltLakeCityisthecentreoftransportationandtradeforalargepartofthearea.ThelargestgroupsofNativeAmericansarefoundontheColoradoPlateau.

27.关于theregionofthePacificCoast的重点:

TheregionofthePacificCoastischaracterizedbyaseriesofmountainrangesandfertilerivervalleys.

California’sImperialValleyisoneoftheworld’smostfamousirrigatedareas.

28.关于Hawaii:

(记MaunaLoa谐音:

快告诉大家,夏[夏威夷]天很热的时候,火山爆发喷出无数“玛瑙喽”!

MaunaLoa,theworld’slargestactivevolcano,islocatedonHawaiianderuptsfromtimetotime.

TourismisHawaii’smostimportantindustry.

HonoluluisthecapitalofHawaii.

Chapter14Population,RaceandEthnicGroups

1.关于美国人口:

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,withapopulationof255.5millioninJuly1992,isthethirdmostpopulationcountryintheworldafterChinaandIndia.

Immigrationaccountsforamajorsourceofpopulationgrowth.

2.*TheUnitedStateshadamoreorlessopen-doorpolicytoimmigrantsfromindependenceuntilthe1960s.

*EllisIslandofNewYorkwasanimportantimmigrationreceptionspotinthe1890sandattheturnofthecentury.(Ellis,[Elton的妹妹]你想移民美国吗,很简单,1。

你的托福要60分及格;2。

你要经济独立)

3.简答:

WhytheUnitedStateshaslongbeenknownasanationofimmigrants?

-----TheUnitedStateshaslongbeenknownasanationofimmigrantsbecausemanyofitspeopledescendfromsettlerswhocamefromallovertheworldtomaketheirhomesinthenewlandthenpopulatedbynativeAmericantribes.

4.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefromEnglandandtheNetherlands.

5.名词解释:

indenturedservants(indenture:

契约)[理解记忆:

为别人打工做为路费去新大陆淘金。

]

-----InearlysettlementinAmerica,somecametothenewContinentasindenturedservants.ThesewerepoorpeopleinEuropewhowantedtoseekbetterlifeinAmericayethadnomoneytopaythecross-Atlanticfare.Theysignedcontractswithcompaniesorindividuals,committingtoworkfortheirmastersaspecifiedterminexchangeforthejourney’sexpensestoAmerica.

6.thelargestimmigrationmovementtookplacein1815(谐音+想象:

1815=尾巴,一,舞。

无数的移民挂在一条无比巨大的尾巴上一路欢歌跳舞,进入了美国。

7.论述题:

Saysomethingaboutthethreeimmigrationwaves.(三次移民潮[用衣,鹅,山代表一二三][大灰狼的故事:

大灰狼是一个移民,刚到美国的时候穿了一件彩色的棒球衣,用尾巴(18)打棒球(10),它那不三不四(1830sand1840s)的怪样子居然拿到了最高分(highestpoint),结果人们尊称它为“尾巴师父”(1845);后来大灰狼骑在一头鹅的背上,尾巴象柳枝(1860)一样摇摇摆摆的,象是喝醉酒(1890);然后它跑到一座最大的山上用尾巴猜酒令(1890),喝得烂醉如泥,要死(14=1914)要活的发酒疯。

]

-----Thefirstimmigrationwavebeganinthemid1810s,grewsteadilyduringthe1830sand40sandreachedthehighestpointin1845.Thesecondwavecoveredtheperiodbetween1860and1890.Thethirdwavewasthelargestofhethree,ithappenedbetween1890and1914.

8.MobilityisconsideredtobeoneofthecharacteristicsoftheAmericanpeople.

9.论述题:

Describethe4populationmovementsintheU.S.(美国人口四次国内迁移)

答题要点:

(关键字+想象:

西进/城市化/黑人/阳光地带。

西城区黑压压一大片乌云把太阳遮住了。

1。

内战的时候,战争这个巨人把人们象干草一样一把把拎[1880]到了西部。

2。

城里人都喜欢用尾巴行酒令[1890],谁输了就要喝蚂蚁酒[19],举

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