小学音标与辨音练习.docx
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小学音标与辨音
一、英语国际音标。
元音
长元音:
/ɑ:
//ɔ:
//ɜ:
//i:
//u:
/
短元音:
/ʌ//ɒ//ə//ɪ//ʊ//e//æ/
双元音:
/eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ//ɪə//eə//ʊə//əʊ//aʊ/
辅音
清辅音:
/p//t//k//f//θ//s//ʃ //h//ts//t ʃ//tr/浊辅音:
/b//d//g//v//ð //z//ʒ//r//dz//d ʒ//dr/鼻音:
/m//n//ŋ/
半元音:
/j//w/
边音:
/l/
二、26个字母发音规律。
Aa/eɪ/:
name;cake;table;
/æ/:
apple;cat;map;am;
/ɑ:
/:
want;dance;
/o/;what;watch;
Bb/b/:
book;big;bag;box;Cc/k/:
cat;cake;cup;clock;car;
/s/:
face;nice;pencil;books;Dd/d/:
desk;doll;dog;dad;
Ee/i:
/:
he;she;meet;me;
/e/:
elephant;egg;bed;pen;Ff/f/:
fine;friend;fly;foot;fan;
Gg/g/:
gun;glass;glad;
glove;
/dʒ/:
age;orange;
Hh/h/:
hat;he;house;hand;
II/aɪ/:
fine;bike;five;ice;
/ɪ/:
is;sit;miss;pig;picture;
Jj/dʒ/:
jeep;jam;jacket;jar;
Kk/k/:
kite;cake;black;thank;Ll/l/:
leg;left;ruler;flag;lamp;
/l/:
apple;bowl;tell;old;
Mm/m/:
am;map;my;mouth;
milk;
Nn/n/:
no;know;new;hand;
Oo/əʊ/:
old;home;nose;coke;
/o/:
dog;not;clock;box;
/ʌ/:
son;month;mother;love;Pp/p/:
map;jeep;pig;pen;apple;Qq/kw/:
quite;quilt;quick;
Rr/r/:
red;radio;brother;racket;Ss/s/:
sit;miss;this;smile;books;
/z/:
nose;those;rose;rulers;
Tt/t/:
it;sit;not;that;table;little;
Uu/ju:
/:
use;usually;excuse;
/ʌ/:
bus;us;sun;duck;
/ʊ/:
put;pull;push;
Vv/v/:
five;vase;very;seven;Ww/w/:
we;window;watch;want;
Xx/ks/:
box;six;fox;
Yy/aɪ/:
my;fly;why;bye;
/j/yes;yellow;
/ɪ/happy;baby;very;
Zz/z/:
zoo;zero;
三、常用字母或字母组合发音规律。
(一)与元音字母A相关的单词:
1.[eɪ]a在开音节中,发字母音,后面有不发音的e:
face;grade;cake;lake;make;take;snake;name;plane;date;plate;
2.[æ]a在闭音节中:
dad ;sad;bag;can;fan;man;and;hand;thank;map;cat;fat;that;hat;
family;
3.[ɑ:
]ar组合:
car;far;star;card;scarf;market;hard;park;arm;farm;
4.[eɪ]ai组合:
tail;rainy;train;wait;waiter;waitress;
5.[eə]air组合:
air;hair;chair;stairs;
6.[eɪ]ay组合:
day;today;play;may;May;say;way;stay;
7.[ɪ]ay组合:
Monday;Tuesday;Friday;
8.[ɔ:
]al组合:
talk;walk;chalk;
9.[ɔ:
l]all组合:
all;ball;small;tall;wall;mall;call;fall;
10.[ɑ:
s]as或ass组合:
ask;class;glass;pass;grass;last;
11.[ɒ]a在w后面:
wash;what;watch;want;
12.[ɔ:
]aw组合:
draw;
(二)与元音字母E相关的单词:
1.[i:
]e在开音节中,发字母音:
be;he;she;me;we;these;Chinese;
2.[e]e在闭音节中:
bed;red;leg;spell;hen;then;when;pen;ten;dress;let;3.[ɪə]ere组合:
here;
4.[eə]ere组合:
there;where
5.[i:
]ea组合:
sea;tea;peach;teacher;read;please;eat;meat;seat;
dream;
6.[e]ea组合:
head;bread;feather;weather;
7.[ɪə]ear组合:
ear;dear;hear;near;
8.[eə]ear组合:
bear;pear;
9.[ɜ:
]ear组合:
early;year;learn;
10.[i:
]ee组合:
bee;three;tree;see;need;feel;green;sleep;feet;meet;
feed;
(三)与元音字母I相关的单词:
1.[aɪ]i在开音节中,发字母音:
hi;ice;nice;rice;ride;bike;like;time;fine;nine;write;kite;
2.[ɪ]i在闭音节中:
which;chick;sick;big;pig;milk;him;swim;in;begin;ship;is;
3.[ɜ:
]ir组合:
bird;shirt;skirt;sir;girl;circle;thirty;thirteen;thirsty;
4.[aɪ]igh组合:
light;right;flight;tight;
(四)与元音字母O相关的单词:
1.[əʊ]o在开音节中,发字母音:
go;no;so;phone;those;close;nose;rose;home;rope;hole;
2.[ɒ]o在闭音节中:
clock;dog;on;long;song;shop;stop;hot;not;donkey;
3.[ʌ]o:
mother;brother;come;some;monkey;4.[ɔ:
]or组合:
or;for;short;forty;horse;store;5.[əʊ]oa组合:
road;boat;coat;goat;soap;
6.[u:
]oo组合:
too;zoo;cool;school;room;moon;afternoon;spoon;
kangaroo;
7.[ʊ]oo组合:
good;foot;classroom;look;book;cookies;8.[aʊ]ou组合:
cloudy;house;mouse;about;mouth;mountain;9.[aʊ]ow组合:
cow;how;now;brown;down;flower;
10.[əʊ]ow组合:
slow;know;
(五)与元音字母U相关的单词:
1.[ju:
]u在开音节中,发字母音:
excuse;use;
2.[ʌ]u在闭音节中:
run;sun;cup;but;bus;cut;mum;under;hug;duck;
3.[ɜ:
]ur组合:
nurse;turn;hurt;fur;
(六)Y与I的发音相似在开音节中读[aɪ]:
sky;fly;July;my;try;why;eye;bye;
(七)辅音字母组合
1.[tr]tr组合:
tree;truck;try;street;straight;trafficlights;
2.[dr]dr组合:
drink;dress;drive;driver;draw;dresser;dream;hundred;
3.[f]ph和gh组合:
elephant;telephone;laugh;photo;4.[tʃ]ch组合:
chicken;chair;China;Chinese;watch;5.[k]ch组合:
school;Christmas;headache;
6.[k]ck组合:
chicken;duck;black;blackboard;sick;
7.[w]wh组合:
what;where;when;why;which;white;wheel;
附:
五个元音因素练习。
Aa
()1、cakeA .takeB.cat
()2、nameA.bagB.plane()3、ChinaA.aboutB.want()4、afterA .classB.wash
()5、WhatA.watchB.father
()6、catA .flagB .baby
()7、lateA .gameB .any
()8、haveA .happyB .past
()9、animalA.appleB .past()10、makeA.planeB .awayEe
()1、meA.theseB.bed()2、heA.ChineseB.egg()3、sheA.bestB.we
()4、letA .eveningB.red
()5、lessonA.deskB .open
()6、messA .meB .letter
()7、henA.letterB.Chinese()8、vegetableA.henB.apple()9、engA.penB.me
()10、penA .heB .eggIi
()1、ringA.shineB.miss()2、mistakeA.bigB.find()3、milkA.pickB.child()4、nineA.lineB.dish
()5、driveA.liveB.bright()6、pigA.finishedB.pilot()7、bikeA.timeB.