考博英语370doc.docx

考博英语370doc.docx

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考博英语370doc

考博英语-370

（总分：

100.00，做题时间：

90分钟）

一、PartIReadingCompr（总题数：

0，分数：

0.00）

二、Passage1（总题数：

1，分数：

7.50）

OneoftheyoungestindependentcountriesintheWesternHemisphere,TrinidadandTobago,becameanationonAugust31,1962.Foralongtimethisnationhasattractedtourists——itisthehomeofcalypsomusicandlimbodancing——andinrecentyearsitshealthyeconomyhasattractedinvestorsaswell.

TrinidadandTobagoisasinglecountrycomposedoftwoislands..Trinidad,withthemajorityofthecountry's900,000inhabitants,isarectangleofroughlyfiftybyfortymiles.Tobago,nineteenmilestothenorth,issmallerandhasapopulationofabout35,000.

SituatedattheendofthelongchainofWindwardandLeewardIslands,TrinidadisatonepointonlysevenmilesoffthecoastofVenezuela.Itsgeology,flora,andfaunaaresimilartothoseoftheSouthAmericanmainland.LikeVenezuela,thebackboneofTrinidadandTobago'seconomyispetroleumanditsfirstcolonistswereSpaniards.

Threemountainranges,withsummitsofupto3,000feet,crossTrinidadfromeasttowest,whileTobagoisarelativelyflatcoralisland,rimmedwithfinebeaches.ThebroadplainsbetweenTrinidad'smountainrangesaredominatedbyvastfieldsofsugarcanethatpresentasymmetricalgreenpatternwhenseenfromtheair.Acloserinspectionrevealsthecoconutplantationsalongthecoastandtheprofusionofbrilliantredandyellowflowersofvariousspeciesthatarefoundallovertheisland.Housesonbothislandstendtobelight-colored,withanopenstyleofarchitecture,inmanycaseswithopenspaceundertheentiredwelling.Port-of-Spain,thecapital,isabustlingmoderncitywherethepulseofthepeoplereflectsBritist,Spanish,andEastIndianinfluences.

（分数：

7.50）

（1）.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressesthemainideaofthispassageis______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.TrinidadandTobago,AYoungCountry

 B.TwoIslands

 C.Trinidad'sAttractiontoTourists

 D.SugarCaneProduction

（2）.Tobago'sareais______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.approximately2,000squaremiles

 B.lessthan2,000squaremiles

 C.19milesfromTrinidad

 D.morethan2,000squaremiles

（3）.TheflowersofTrinidadresemblethoseof______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.Cuba

 B.PuertoRico

 C.WindwardIslands

 D.Venezuela

（4）.Trinidad'seconomydependson______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.sugarcane

 B.coconuts

 C.tourists

 D.oil

（5）.Sugarcanegrowsbest______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.inmountainousareas

 B.alongthecoast

 C.invalleys

 D.incoralislands

三、Passage2（总题数：

1，分数：

7.50）

Observethedilemmaofthefungus:

itisaplant,butitpossessesnochlorophyl.Whileallotherplantsputthesun'senergytoworkforthemcombiningthenutrientsofgroundandairintobodystructure,thechlorophyllessfungusmustlookelsewhereforanenergysupply.Itfindsitinthoseotherplantswhich,havingreceivedtheirenergyfreefromthesun,relinquishitatsomepointintheircycleeithertootheranimals（likeushumans）ortofungi.

Inthissearchforenergythefungushasbecometheearth'smajorsourceofrotanddecay.Whereveryouseemoldformingonapieceofbread,orapileofleavesturningtocompost,orablown-downtreebecomingpulpontheground,youarewatchingafunguseating.Withoutfungusactiontheearthwouldbepiledhighwiththedeadplantlifeofpastcenturies.Infact,certainplantswhichcontainresinsthataretoxictofungiwilllastindefinitely.Specimensoftheredwood,forinstance,canstillbefoundrestingontheforestfloorcenturiesafterhavingbeenblowndown.

（分数：

7.50）

（1）.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressesthemainideaofthispassageis______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.LifewithoutChlorophyl

 B.TheSourceofRotandDecay

 C.TheHarmulQualitiesofFungi

 D.TheStrangeWorldoftheFungus

（2）.Thestatement"youarewatchingafunguseating"isbestdescribedas______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.figurative

 B.ironical

 C.parenthetical

 D.joking

（3）.Theauthorimpliesthatfungi______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.areresponsibleforalltheworld'srotanddecay

 B.cannotlivecompletelyapartfromotherplants

 C.attackplantsinordertokillthem

 D.arepoisonoustoresin-producingplants

（4）.Theauthorusestheword"dilemma"toindicatethat______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.thefungusisbothhelpfulandharmfulinitseffects

 B.nooneunderstandshowafunguslives

 C.fungiarenotreallyplants

 D.thefungusseemstohaveitsownbiologicallaws

（5）.Whichwordbestdescribesthefungusasdepictedinthepassage?

（分数：

1.50）

 A.Quixotic.

 B.Sporadic.

 C.Enigmatic.

 D.Parasiti

四、Passage3（总题数：

1，分数：

7.50）

Intheirworldofdarkness,itwouldseemlikelythatsomeoftheanimalsmighthavebecomeblind,ashashappenedtosomecavefauna.So,indeed,manyofthemhave,compensatingforthelackofeyeswithmarvelouslydevelopedfeelersandlong,slenderfinsandprocesseswithwhichtheygropetheirway,likesomanyblindmenwithcanes,theirwholeknowledgeoffriends,enemies,orfoodcomingtothemthroughthesenseoftouch.

Thelasttracesofplantlifeareleftbehindinthethinupperlayerofwaterfornoplantcanlivebelowabout600feeteveninveryclearwater,andfewfindenoughsunlightfortheirfood-manufacturingactivitiesbelow200feet.Sincenoanimalcanmakeitsownfood,thecreaturesofthedeeperwatersliveastrange,almostparasiticexistenceofutterdependenceontheupperlayers.Thesehungrycarnivorespreyfiercelyandrelentlesslyuponeachother,yetthewholecommunityisultimatelydependentupontheslowrainofdescendingfoodparticlesfromabove.Thecomponentsofthisnever-endingrainarethedeadanddyingplantsandanimalsfromthesurface,orfromoneoftheintermediatelayers.Foreachofthehorizontalzonesorcommunitiesoftheseathatliebetweenthesurfaceandtheseabottom,thefoodsupplyisdifferentandingeneralpoorerthanforthelayerabove.

Pressure,darkness,andsilencearetheconditionsoflifeinthedeepsea.Butweknownowthattheconceptionoftheseaasasilentplaceiswhollyfalse.Wideexperiencewithhydrophonesandotherlisteningdevicesforthedetectionofsubmarineshasprovedthat,aroundtheshorelinesofmuchoftheworld,thereistheextraordinaryuproarproducedbyfishes,shrimps,porpoisesandprobablyotherformsnotyetidentified.Therehasbeenlittleinvestigationasyetofsoundinthedeep,offshoreareas,butwhenthecrewoftheAtlantisloweredahydrophoneintodeepwateroffBermuda,theyrecordedstrangemewingsounds,shrieks,andghostlymoans,thesourcesofwhichhavenotbeentraced.Butfishofshallowerzoneshavebeencapturedandconfinedinaquaria,wheretheirvoiceshavebeenrecordedforcomparisonwithsoundsheardatsea,andinmanycasessatisfactoryidentificationcanbemade.

DuringtheSecondWorldWarthehydrophonenetworksetupbytheUnitedStatesNavytoprotecttheentrancetoChesapeakeBaywastemporarilymadeuselesswhen,inthespringof1942,thespeakersatthesurfacebegantogiveforth,everyevening,asounddescribedasbeinglike"apneumaticdrilltearinguppavement".Theextraneousnoisesthatcameoverthehydrophonescompletelymaskedthesoundsofthepassageofships.Eventuallyitwasdiscoveredthatthesoundswerethevoicesoffishknownascroakers,whichinthespringmoveintoChesapeakeBayfromtheoffshorewinteringgrounds.Assoonasthenoisehadbeenidentifiedandanalyzed,itwaspossibletoscreenitoutwithanelectricfilter,sothatoncemoreonlythesoundsofshipscamethorughthespeakers.

（分数：

7.50）

（1）.Manyunderwateranimalscannotseebecause______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.thelackoflighthasgraduallyeliminatedtheircapacitytosee

 B.theyusesoundwavesinsteadoflighttonavigateinthedarkness

 C.theyhavelearnedtosurvivewithoutseeingtheirenemiesortheirprey

 D.theirsenseoftouchhaseliminatedtheirneedtosee

（2）.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTauseforahydrophone?

（分数：

1.50）

 A.Tolistentothesoundofunderseafauna.

 B.Tosearchforunknownspeciesoffishandothercreatures.

 C.Tomonitorthepassingofsurfacevessels.

 D.Todetectsubmergedsubmarines.

（3）.Animalsthatlivenearthebottomoftheseaaremostlikelytobecarnivorousbecause______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.theyhavedevelopedsharpteethandstrongjawswithwhichtokilltheirprey

 B.plantsthatgrowfarbelowthesurfacearenotedible

 C.animalscannotmaketheirownfood,sotheyeateachother

 D.mostsurfacevegetationiseatenbeforeitsinkstothebottomofthesea

（4）.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthestateofoceanographicresearchdoesthetextmostclearlysupport?

（分数：

1.50）

 A.Undersearesearchisstillincomplete.

 B.Technologyusedinunderseastudiesisstillinaveryprimitivestageofdevelopment.

 C.Moreundersearesearchisconductednearshorethaninmidocean.

 D.Militaryresearchershavemadeseveralmomentousdiscoveriesaboutundersealif

（5）.Theauthor'smainpurposeinthetextisto______.（分数：

1.50）

 A.showthattheUnitedStatescoastwasthreatenedbytheenemyinWorldWarⅡ

 B.explainsomeofthecomplexitiesofdeepsealife

 C.illustratethemainproblemsfacedbyundersearesearchers

 D.gainpublicsupportforoceanographicexpeditions

五、Passage4（总题数：

1，分数：

7.50）

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumancareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriates