考博英语370doc.docx
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考博英语370doc
考博英语-370
(总分:
100.00,做题时间:
90分钟)
一、PartIReadingCompr(总题数:
0,分数:
0.00)
二、Passage1(总题数:
1,分数:
7.50)
OneoftheyoungestindependentcountriesintheWesternHemisphere,TrinidadandTobago,becameanationonAugust31,1962.Foralongtimethisnationhasattractedtourists——itisthehomeofcalypsomusicandlimbodancing——andinrecentyearsitshealthyeconomyhasattractedinvestorsaswell.
TrinidadandTobagoisasinglecountrycomposedoftwoislands..Trinidad,withthemajorityofthecountry's900,000inhabitants,isarectangleofroughlyfiftybyfortymiles.Tobago,nineteenmilestothenorth,issmallerandhasapopulationofabout35,000.
SituatedattheendofthelongchainofWindwardandLeewardIslands,TrinidadisatonepointonlysevenmilesoffthecoastofVenezuela.Itsgeology,flora,andfaunaaresimilartothoseoftheSouthAmericanmainland.LikeVenezuela,thebackboneofTrinidadandTobago'seconomyispetroleumanditsfirstcolonistswereSpaniards.
Threemountainranges,withsummitsofupto3,000feet,crossTrinidadfromeasttowest,whileTobagoisarelativelyflatcoralisland,rimmedwithfinebeaches.ThebroadplainsbetweenTrinidad'smountainrangesaredominatedbyvastfieldsofsugarcanethatpresentasymmetricalgreenpatternwhenseenfromtheair.Acloserinspectionrevealsthecoconutplantationsalongthecoastandtheprofusionofbrilliantredandyellowflowersofvariousspeciesthatarefoundallovertheisland.Housesonbothislandstendtobelight-colored,withanopenstyleofarchitecture,inmanycaseswithopenspaceundertheentiredwelling.Port-of-Spain,thecapital,isabustlingmoderncitywherethepulseofthepeoplereflectsBritist,Spanish,andEastIndianinfluences.
(分数:
7.50)
(1).Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressesthemainideaofthispassageis______.(分数:
1.50)
A.TrinidadandTobago,AYoungCountry
B.TwoIslands
C.Trinidad'sAttractiontoTourists
D.SugarCaneProduction
(2).Tobago'sareais______.(分数:
1.50)
A.approximately2,000squaremiles
B.lessthan2,000squaremiles
C.19milesfromTrinidad
D.morethan2,000squaremiles
(3).TheflowersofTrinidadresemblethoseof______.(分数:
1.50)
A.Cuba
B.PuertoRico
C.WindwardIslands
D.Venezuela
(4).Trinidad'seconomydependson______.(分数:
1.50)
A.sugarcane
B.coconuts
C.tourists
D.oil
(5).Sugarcanegrowsbest______.(分数:
1.50)
A.inmountainousareas
B.alongthecoast
C.invalleys
D.incoralislands
三、Passage2(总题数:
1,分数:
7.50)
Observethedilemmaofthefungus:
itisaplant,butitpossessesnochlorophyl.Whileallotherplantsputthesun'senergytoworkforthemcombiningthenutrientsofgroundandairintobodystructure,thechlorophyllessfungusmustlookelsewhereforanenergysupply.Itfindsitinthoseotherplantswhich,havingreceivedtheirenergyfreefromthesun,relinquishitatsomepointintheircycleeithertootheranimals(likeushumans)ortofungi.
Inthissearchforenergythefungushasbecometheearth'smajorsourceofrotanddecay.Whereveryouseemoldformingonapieceofbread,orapileofleavesturningtocompost,orablown-downtreebecomingpulpontheground,youarewatchingafunguseating.Withoutfungusactiontheearthwouldbepiledhighwiththedeadplantlifeofpastcenturies.Infact,certainplantswhichcontainresinsthataretoxictofungiwilllastindefinitely.Specimensoftheredwood,forinstance,canstillbefoundrestingontheforestfloorcenturiesafterhavingbeenblowndown.
(分数:
7.50)
(1).Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressesthemainideaofthispassageis______.(分数:
1.50)
A.LifewithoutChlorophyl
B.TheSourceofRotandDecay
C.TheHarmulQualitiesofFungi
D.TheStrangeWorldoftheFungus
(2).Thestatement"youarewatchingafunguseating"isbestdescribedas______.(分数:
1.50)
A.figurative
B.ironical
C.parenthetical
D.joking
(3).Theauthorimpliesthatfungi______.(分数:
1.50)
A.areresponsibleforalltheworld'srotanddecay
B.cannotlivecompletelyapartfromotherplants
C.attackplantsinordertokillthem
D.arepoisonoustoresin-producingplants
(4).Theauthorusestheword"dilemma"toindicatethat______.(分数:
1.50)
A.thefungusisbothhelpfulandharmfulinitseffects
B.nooneunderstandshowafunguslives
C.fungiarenotreallyplants
D.thefungusseemstohaveitsownbiologicallaws
(5).Whichwordbestdescribesthefungusasdepictedinthepassage?
(分数:
1.50)
A.Quixotic.
B.Sporadic.
C.Enigmatic.
D.Parasiti
四、Passage3(总题数:
1,分数:
7.50)
Intheirworldofdarkness,itwouldseemlikelythatsomeoftheanimalsmighthavebecomeblind,ashashappenedtosomecavefauna.So,indeed,manyofthemhave,compensatingforthelackofeyeswithmarvelouslydevelopedfeelersandlong,slenderfinsandprocesseswithwhichtheygropetheirway,likesomanyblindmenwithcanes,theirwholeknowledgeoffriends,enemies,orfoodcomingtothemthroughthesenseoftouch.
Thelasttracesofplantlifeareleftbehindinthethinupperlayerofwaterfornoplantcanlivebelowabout600feeteveninveryclearwater,andfewfindenoughsunlightfortheirfood-manufacturingactivitiesbelow200feet.Sincenoanimalcanmakeitsownfood,thecreaturesofthedeeperwatersliveastrange,almostparasiticexistenceofutterdependenceontheupperlayers.Thesehungrycarnivorespreyfiercelyandrelentlesslyuponeachother,yetthewholecommunityisultimatelydependentupontheslowrainofdescendingfoodparticlesfromabove.Thecomponentsofthisnever-endingrainarethedeadanddyingplantsandanimalsfromthesurface,orfromoneoftheintermediatelayers.Foreachofthehorizontalzonesorcommunitiesoftheseathatliebetweenthesurfaceandtheseabottom,thefoodsupplyisdifferentandingeneralpoorerthanforthelayerabove.
Pressure,darkness,andsilencearetheconditionsoflifeinthedeepsea.Butweknownowthattheconceptionoftheseaasasilentplaceiswhollyfalse.Wideexperiencewithhydrophonesandotherlisteningdevicesforthedetectionofsubmarineshasprovedthat,aroundtheshorelinesofmuchoftheworld,thereistheextraordinaryuproarproducedbyfishes,shrimps,porpoisesandprobablyotherformsnotyetidentified.Therehasbeenlittleinvestigationasyetofsoundinthedeep,offshoreareas,butwhenthecrewoftheAtlantisloweredahydrophoneintodeepwateroffBermuda,theyrecordedstrangemewingsounds,shrieks,andghostlymoans,thesourcesofwhichhavenotbeentraced.Butfishofshallowerzoneshavebeencapturedandconfinedinaquaria,wheretheirvoiceshavebeenrecordedforcomparisonwithsoundsheardatsea,andinmanycasessatisfactoryidentificationcanbemade.
DuringtheSecondWorldWarthehydrophonenetworksetupbytheUnitedStatesNavytoprotecttheentrancetoChesapeakeBaywastemporarilymadeuselesswhen,inthespringof1942,thespeakersatthesurfacebegantogiveforth,everyevening,asounddescribedasbeinglike"apneumaticdrilltearinguppavement".Theextraneousnoisesthatcameoverthehydrophonescompletelymaskedthesoundsofthepassageofships.Eventuallyitwasdiscoveredthatthesoundswerethevoicesoffishknownascroakers,whichinthespringmoveintoChesapeakeBayfromtheoffshorewinteringgrounds.Assoonasthenoisehadbeenidentifiedandanalyzed,itwaspossibletoscreenitoutwithanelectricfilter,sothatoncemoreonlythesoundsofshipscamethorughthespeakers.
(分数:
7.50)
(1).Manyunderwateranimalscannotseebecause______.(分数:
1.50)
A.thelackoflighthasgraduallyeliminatedtheircapacitytosee
B.theyusesoundwavesinsteadoflighttonavigateinthedarkness
C.theyhavelearnedtosurvivewithoutseeingtheirenemiesortheirprey
D.theirsenseoftouchhaseliminatedtheirneedtosee
(2).Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTauseforahydrophone?
(分数:
1.50)
A.Tolistentothesoundofunderseafauna.
B.Tosearchforunknownspeciesoffishandothercreatures.
C.Tomonitorthepassingofsurfacevessels.
D.Todetectsubmergedsubmarines.
(3).Animalsthatlivenearthebottomoftheseaaremostlikelytobecarnivorousbecause______.(分数:
1.50)
A.theyhavedevelopedsharpteethandstrongjawswithwhichtokilltheirprey
B.plantsthatgrowfarbelowthesurfacearenotedible
C.animalscannotmaketheirownfood,sotheyeateachother
D.mostsurfacevegetationiseatenbeforeitsinkstothebottomofthesea
(4).Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthestateofoceanographicresearchdoesthetextmostclearlysupport?
(分数:
1.50)
A.Undersearesearchisstillincomplete.
B.Technologyusedinunderseastudiesisstillinaveryprimitivestageofdevelopment.
C.Moreundersearesearchisconductednearshorethaninmidocean.
D.Militaryresearchershavemadeseveralmomentousdiscoveriesaboutundersealif
(5).Theauthor'smainpurposeinthetextisto______.(分数:
1.50)
A.showthattheUnitedStatescoastwasthreatenedbytheenemyinWorldWarⅡ
B.explainsomeofthecomplexitiesofdeepsealife
C.illustratethemainproblemsfacedbyundersearesearchers
D.gainpublicsupportforoceanographicexpeditions
五、Passage4(总题数:
1,分数:
7.50)
ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumancareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriates