大学英语4复习.docx
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大学英语4复习
2013春《大学英语4》综合复习资料
I.ReadingComprehension
Passage1
Forages,sailorshavesaidthatitisgoodlucktoseedolphinsswimmingalongsideboats.Theirpresencemeantthatlandwasnear,whichwouldbevitalinformationifaboatandhercrewwereindanger.Somedolphinshaveevenprotectedshipwreckedsailorsfromsharks.Itisnowonderthattheseuniqueandfascinatingcreatureshavelongbeenknownasourfriends.
Youmaythinkdolphinsarefish,buttheyareactuallymammals.Theyarerelatedtowhalesandporpoises,andtheyevolvedaround10millionyearsago.Dolphinsbreatheair,givebirthtoliveyoung,andfeedthemmilk.Theyaresocialanimals,livingtogetheringroupsranginginsizeofupto12.Inplacesrichinfood,manyschoolscancombinetogethertoformschoolsofupto1,000dolphins.
Dolphinsarethoughttobeintelligentanimalsbecauseoftheirplayfulness,curiosity,andquickabilitytolearn.Theyseemtocommunicatewitheachotherthroughacombinationofsqueaks,whistles,andclicks.Whilescientistsdon'tknowwhattheyaregoingonabout,itisthoughtthatdolphinsaretellingeachotherthatfoodisnearby,orwarningeachotherofapproachingdanger.Dolphinsusesonartodiscoveranobject'ssize,shape,andlocation.Bysendingoutaseriesofclicksandreceivingtheechothatbouncesofftheobject,theycandifferentiatebetweenasharkandaboat.
Unfortunately,dolphinshavefacedincreasingdangerinrecentyears.Fishermeninpursuitofprofitabletunamayaccidentallytrapdolphinsintheirnets,killingthemintheprocess.Theseintelligentmammalsoftheseadeserveourprotectionandrespect.
1.Dolphinshavebeenhuman'sfriendsbecauseof_______D_____.
A.sailorsmayknowthatthelandisnotfaraway
B.somedolphinsprotectsailorsfromsharkattacks
C.sailorscancommunicatewiththem
D.bothAandB
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementaboutdolphinisnottrue?
A
A.Dolphinslayeggsunderthesea.
B.Dolphinscancommunicatewitheachotherbysendingoutsounds.
C.Dolphinshaveabilitiestolearn.
D.Dolphinsprefertoliveingroupsuptohundreds.
3.Howdodolphinscommunicatewithoneanother?
D
A.Throughradiowaves.B.Bysendingoutgases.
C.Byclappingtheirfinstogether.D.Throughvariousnoises.
4.Accordingtothearticle,whatmakesathreattodolphins?
D
A.Whales.B.Tuna.C.Sailors.D.Fishermen.
5.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?
B
A.Fishermenaccidentallytrapdolphins.
B.Weshouldtakesomeactionstostopkillingdolphins.
C.Dolphinsoftenlivewithtunas.
D.Moreandmoredolphinsareindangerintherecentyears.
Passage2
Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodemart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.
Andyet,citylifeisn’teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs(损害)ourbasicmentalprocesses.Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit’slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiesactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.
Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.
Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone(里程碑).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we’recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofstrangers.Inrecentyears,it’sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.
6.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?
B
A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople.B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain.
C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits.D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance.
7.Theword“metropolis”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto___C____.
A.citizenB.natureC.cityD.stress
8.Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat____D___.
A.humanattentionisascarceresource
B.citylifecanmakepeopleverytired
C.thecityisanengineofintellectuallife
D.anurbanenvironmentisdamagingtothebrain
9.Whatisthefactormentionedinthethirdparagraphthathelpsthehospitalpatientsrecovermorequickly?
A
A.Nature.B.Bettertreatment.
C.Experienceddoctors.D.Goodmedicine.
10.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
C
A.Differentaspects(方面)ofanurbanenvironment,suchasthecrowdedstreets,canleadtoanincreaseinself-control.
B.Smallchangesinurbandesigncannotreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.
C.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theearth’spopulationismoreurbanthanrural.
D.Awalkdownabusycitystreetwillimprovebrainperformance.
Passage3
Yoursuccessinyourstudieswillalsodependuponyourmotivation(动机).Thisneedordesiretoachieveacertaingoalcanmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Motivationcancomefromtwosources:
frominsideofyouorfromoutsideofyou.Inthefirstcase,motivationcomesfromyourhopesandexpectations,fromyourdesiretodosomethingortobesomeone.Studypurposesthatresultfrompersonalinnerdesiresareindividual,andvarious.Ifyouhavenotalreadydoneso,youshouldthinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouhopetogainfromyourstudies,andwhy.Youshouldsetagoalanddirectallyourstudyeffortstowardreachingit.Agoalofthiskindisimportantbecauseitwilldeterminethedirectionanddegreeofyourmotivationforstudy.
Noteveryoneishighlymotivatedfromwithinandnooneiscontinuouslymotivatedfromwithin.Fortunatelythereisanothersourceofmotivation:
fromoutside.Ineducationthemostobviouskindofoutsidemotivationisgrades.Formanystudents,coursegradesareanimmediate,short-rangemotivationforstudy.Thisisoneofthereasonsforexaminationsandgrades,buttheymustnotbecomeagoalinthemselves.Gradeshelptomotivateyoufromdaytoday,buttheyareonlysmall,artificialstepstoyourultimategoal.Itwouldbewrongtosetgradesasyouronlyambition.
Atextbooklikethiscannotprovideyouwithmotivation;thatmustcomefromyourself.Butasanencouragement,itisusefultoknowthatgoodstudyhabitsdependupongoodmotivation.Andgoodstudyhabitsareimportantbecausetheyhelpyougetmoredoneinlesstime.Itisnotamatterofhowmuchyoustudy;moreimportantishowwellyoustudy.
11.Insidemotivationcomesfrom______D______.
A.yourneedanddesireB.yourhopesandexpectations
C.yourdesiretodosomethingortobesomeoneD.bothBandC
12.Studypurposes_____A_______.
A.aredifferentfrompersontopersonB.arepersonalinnerdesires
C.sharesomecommonpointsD.shouldbecarefullymade
13.Ifyouhaven'tsetagoalinyourstudies,______C______.
A.youwillmostprobablybecomeafailureB.youwillneverbeagoodstudent
C.youmaylosedirectionandlackmotivationD.youwon'thavegoodstudyhabits
14.Accordingtothepassage,whyareexaminationsandgradesnecessaryineducation?
B
A.Becausetheycanmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.
B.Becausetheycanmotivatemanystudentstostudyharder.
C.Becausetheycancheckwhatyouhavegainedfromyourstudies.
D.Becausetheyaresmall,artificialstepstoanultimategoal.
15.Ifyouwanttobeanefficientlearner,youmust_____D_______.
A.haveclearstudypurposes
B.bealwaysmotivatedfrombothinsideandoutside
C.setgradesasyourambition
D.havegoodstudyhabits
Passage4
Askthreepeopletolookoutthesamewindowatabusystreetcornerandtellyouwhattheysee.Chancesarethatyouwillreceivethreedifferentanswers.Eachpersonseesthesamescene,buteachperceivessomethingdifferentaboutit.
Perceivinggoesoninourminds.Ofthethreepeoplewholookoutthewindow,onemaysaythatheseesapolicemangivingamotoristaticket.Anothermaysaythatheseesarush-hourtrafficjamattheintersection.Thethirdmaysaythatheseesawomantryingtocrossthestreetwithfourchildrenintow.Forperceptionisthemind’sinterpretationofwhatthesenses—inthiscaseoureyes—tellus.
Manypsychologiststodayareworkingtotrytodeterminejusthowapersonexperiencesorperceivestheworldaroundhim.Usingascientificapproach,thesepsychologistssetupexperimentsinwhichtheycancontrolallofthefactors.Bymeasuringandchartingtheresultsofmanyexperiments,theyaretryingtofindoutwhatmakesdifferentpeopleperceivetotallydifferentthingsaboutthesamescene.
16.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?
B
A.Perceivinghasnothingtodowithseeing.B.Perceivingdiffersfromseeing.
C.Seeingiscloselyconnectedtoperceiving.D.Seeinghasmuchtodowithperceiving.
17.Thephrase"withfourchildreni