Review Materials口译期末考复习.docx
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ReviewMaterials口译期末考复习
ReviewMaterials
15’Presentation（Reproductioninsourcelanguage）
10’TointerpretidiomsisagoodwaytopracticeSs’paraphrasingskill.Fourwaystointerpretidioms.
1.Borrowing,借译
Tokilltwobirdswithonestone;一箭双雕，一石二鸟
Tostrikewiletheironishot趁热打铁
Tofishintheair缘木求鱼
谋事在人，成事在天Manproposes,goddisposes.
隔墙有耳Wallshaveears
2.Literaltranslation字面翻译
易如反掌aseasyastuningoverone’shand
君子动口不动手Agentlemanuseshistongue,nothisfists.
千里之行，始于足下Athousand-lijourneyisstartedbytakingthefirststep.
Toplaywithfire.玩火
Toshowone’scards.摊牌
4．Literaltranslationcombinedwithparaphrasing.
3.Paraphrasing意译
生于忧患，死于安乐：
oneprospersinworriesandhardship,andperishesineaseandcomfort
以史为鉴todrawlessonsfromwhathappenedinhistory//takehistoryasamirrorofthepresent
苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之（林则徐）Iwilldowhateverittakestoservemycountryevenatthecostofmyownlife,regardlessoffortuneormisfortunetomyself.
生财有道，生之者寡，食之者众，为之者疾,用之者舒therearewaystoaccumulatewealth.Therearefewpeoplewhoproduce,thereareveryfewpeoplewhoconsume.Andpeoplewhoworkveryhardtoproducemorefinancialwealthtrytobeeconomicalwhentheyspend.
1.曲径通幽
Awindingpathleadstoasecludedplace.
2.世外桃源
Aparadiseonearth
3.湖光山色
Landscapesoflakesandhills
4.景色如画
Thesceneryispicturesque
5.避暑胜地
Summerresort
6.人文景观
Placesofhistoricalfiguresandculturalheritage
7.工艺精湛
Exquisiteworkmanship
8.神话传说
Fairytalesandfolklore
15’ToinviteSstoprovidemoreidiomsdescribingtouristattractions,explainandinterpret.
.
15’Idiomsinsentences
1．游客可以领略当地独特的白族风情。
TouristscanenjoytheuniqueBaiethnicfolklore.
2.太湖以博大的气势和秀丽的景色征服了游人。
TheTaihuLakeoverwhelmsthetouristswithitsexpansivenessanddelicatebeauty.
3.当地政府加紧旅游景点的开发。
Thelocalgovernmentintensifieseffortstolaunchnewtouristdestinations.
4.桂林山水甲天下。
ThereisnothingmorecharmingthanthelandscapesinGuilin.
5.政府花大力气保护文物和古迹。
Thegovernmenttakesgreatpainstopreserveculturalrelicsandhistoricalsites.
6.中国民俗文化村每天游人如鲫。
TheChinaFolkCultureVillageswarmswithvisitorseveryday.
7.苏州园林建筑闻名于世。
Suzhouisknownforitsgardenarchitecture.
8.诗情画意令人心旷神怡。
Theidyllicsettinggivesgreatdelighttothetourists.
20’Theory:
listenandreproduceinsourcelanguage
Paraphrasingistherestatementofatextorutterance,givingthesamemeaninginanotherform.Itistheexpressionofwhatsomeonehaswrittenorsaidinanother,possiblycleareroreasierway.Forinstance,thesentence“thebookhewrote20yearsagohasalwaysbeenhisboastandpride.”Mightberestatedas“Hehasalwaysboastedaboutandfeltproudofthebookhewrote20yearsago”.
Youarequitefamiliarwithparaphrasing，forinintensivereadingcourses,youarefrequentlyaskedtodoparaphrasingtoshowthatyouhaveunderstoodthesentenceorparagraphunderdiscussionandareabletoapplywhatyouhavelearned,beforegoingontosolvetheproblemsyouarefacing.
Importantasitis,whatisthepointofintroducingparaphrasingtoyouinaninterpretingclass?
Forinterpretingtrainees,thisexercisecouldhelpdevelopquickunderstanding,enlargeyouvocabularyandtoenhanceyourlinguisticcompetenceandcultivateyourresourcefulnessinovercomingdifficultiesintheinterpretingprocess.
Asweknow,interpretinghasneverbeenaword-for-wordmatchingprocess;ratheritisthetransferenceofmeaningcontainedinthemassage.Yetinterpreterssometimescannothelptryingtofindequivalentsforworksorphrasesintheoriginalmessage,andoccasionallytheygetstuckandcannotfindthe‘exactwordorphrase’tocontinuetheinterpreting.
Bydoingparaphrasingexercises,yourattentionhasbeenshiftedfromfindingtheequivalentstoconcentratingonthemeaningofthemessage.Asweallknow,therearemultiplewaysofexpressingthesameideainanylanguage,andanimportantindicatorofaperson’smasteryofalanguageishisabilitytoexpressthesamethingorideaindifferentways.Themorewaysheisequippedwith,thehigherhislanguageproficiency,andinthecaseofinterpreting,thebetterhisperformanceislikelytobe.Lastly,wemustrememberthatinterpretingisaudience-centered;thatistosay,theultimategoalofinterpretingistoensurethattheaudienceunderstandsthemessage.Butsometimesculturalaswellasintellectualgapsdoexistbetweenthespeakerandtheaudience.paraphrasingmayplayabigroleinnarrowingorclosingthegapsbetweenthetwoparties.
Memory-Training:
•SI=Listeningcomprehension+Short-termmemory+Production
•Or:
encoding+storage+retrieval
•Theobjectofinterpretation
•Toconveythemeaningofadiscourse
•themeaningrefersto
•Thethinkingofaspeaker
•Beforewelistentoanyarticle,weusuallytryto_____theexpressionsthatwillbeuttered.
•Duringlistening,wehaveto_____and_____,sothatwecouldstoremoreinformationinourshort-termmemory.
•Duringinterpreting,wearenotlookingforexactequivalents,instead,wetryto____thewordsthataretoodifficulttotranslate.
Dish-nameinterpretingformula
Ingredient（＋cookingmethod）with/inseasonings
Cookingmethod+ingredient（with/inseasonings）
⏹Ingredients
⏹肉：
牛肉，羊肉，鹿肉，兔，猪肉（排骨，猪腰，猪肚，猪肝，猪蹄）
⏹禽：
鸡，鸭，鹅，鸽子，鹌鹑
⏹水产：
鱼类，虾，龙虾，螃蟹，黄鳝，田螺，海螺，牡蛎，鱿鱼，海蜇
⏹山珍，海味：
熊掌，鱼翅，燕窝，鲍鱼
⏹cookingmethods
⏹煮，煲/炖，烧/焖/烩，煎，炒，爆，炸，煨，熏，烤，烘，蒸，白灼
⏹Seasoning
⏹油、盐、酱油、醋、茶、姜，葱，蒜，辣椒，辣椒，胡椒粉
Note-taking
•.equipment&formofnotetakingininterpreting
•纵向螺旋笔记本＋按压式笔
•纵向、阶梯式缩进
•结构宽松，多分行，留边距
•横线分隔结束
commonlyborrowedsymbolsandabbreviations
•.fromthealphabet/simplifiedChinesecharacters:
•y
•m
•K
•G
•人
•大
•小
•中G
•:
from…to…,developto…,evolveto…,proceedto…,makeprogressto…,aimto…,intendto…,tryto…,hopeto…,requireto…,send/transmitto…,exportto…
•:
stepbackward,lag/fallbehind,retrogress,remember,review,sourcefrom,comefrom,originefrom,derivefrom,dueto,postpone,bringbackfrom…
•:
promote,increase,strengthen,boost,enhance,enlarge,expand,extend,raise,flourish,prosper,inflate,ascend…
•:
decrease,compress,curtail,cut,diminish,lessen,lower,reduce,shorten,subside,degrade,demote,devaluate,depreciate,godown,descend…
•:
becomebetterandbetter
•:
becomeworseandworse
•+furthermore,inadditionto,with,and,besides,etc
•>morethan,biggerthan,surpass,betterthan,superiorto
••=equalto,thesameas,arival,acompetitor
•≠notequalto,nomatchfor
•≈approximately,around,about,orso
•∑total,thetotalnumber/sum,totally
•∵because,owingto,thanksto,dueto
•∴therefore,asaresult,consequently,so
•：
say,speak,tell,declare,announce,protest,suchas
•?
question,doubt,suspicious,skeptical,ask
••viewpoint,opinion,idea,point
•！
veryimportant,vital,crucial,critical
•（）including,within,among,inside
•⊙roundtable,meeting，discussion
•∪glass，agreement,contract,Treaty
•>•□country,state,nation
•&and,togetherwith,accompany
•°person,people如：
中°，US°
•～exchange,replace,mutual,eachother
•//stop,halt
•∈belongto
•☆Outstanding,best,modelandimportant
•⊕hospital,redcross
•TM商标
•￡英镑
•＄美元
•€欧元
•￥人民币
•¥日元
•UN
•联合国
•SC（SecurityCouncil）
•安理会
•UNDP（UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram）
•联合国计划开发署
•UNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization）
•联合国教科文组织
•ASEAN（AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations）
•东盟
•NATO（theNorthAtlanticTreaty
•北大西洋公约组织
•EU
•欧盟
•WTO
•世贸组织
•WHO
•世界卫生组织
•APEC（TheAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation）
•亚太经济合作组织
•OPEC（OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries）
•石油输出国组织
•GNP（grossnationalproduct）
•国民生产总值
•GDP（GrossDomesticProduct）
•国内生产总值
•5y计/p
•五年计划
•MKT
•市场
•Biz
•Business
•Eco
•Economy
•SEZ
•经济特区
•SOE
•国有企业
•JV
•合资企业
•PRC/CN
•中华人民共和国
•CPC（CommunistPartyofChina）
•中国共产党
•CPPCC（ChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference）
•政协
•PICC（People'sInsuranceCompany（group）ofChina）
•中国人民保险公司
•√:
support,strengthen,aid,assist,correct,good,affirmative,certain,wellknown,famous,agree,support
•×:
objectto,beagainst,oppose,combat,dispute,contradict,beinconflict,incorrect,wrong,bad,inappropriate,notorious
笔记的原则
1.口译为主，笔记为辅。
译者应以听看讲者，全面地吸收讯息、组成口译讯息为工作主体，笔记只是辅助的作用，不宜舍本逐末。
2.笔记应呈现讯息的概念与结构。
无论用图标或文字与符号，都应将之组成完整的讯息概念或组织结构。
•3.记下密度与难度高的讯息。
讯息负荷过量且不易记住的内容（如数字、专有名词），一定要做笔记。
4.笔记的内容与符号，以多重利用为原则。
任何已记下的笔记内容与符号，都应尽量拉线再次利用，或用不同颜色的笔在原来的笔记上再做笔记，以最经济的方式发挥笔记的作用到极限。
5.笔记的语言符号，必须能够沟通。
译者应避免使用自己不熟悉的符号，或是双人合作时应避免字迹凌乱。
笔记纸大小，依译者可控空间而定。
译者站立时，笔记本不宜超过手掌大小；有桌椅可用时，笔记可大至A4。
数字笔记
•数字笔记三种方法：
•Onehundredtwenty-threemillion,fourhundredandfifty-sixthousand
•1）123m456t
•2）123,456/
•3）1亿2345万6千
小数点标记数字
升降趋势
•Rise/increase/climb/jump/goup/grow/pickup
•shootup/skyrocket/soar/surge
•Fall/drop/decline/decrease/godown/reduce/dip/slip/trim
Plummet/plunge/slash/tumble
•Tolevelout/off/Toremainstable/tostand/stayat
•Tofluctuate
•Toreachapeak
•南海：
SouthChinaSea
•毗邻：
beadjacentto
•县级市：
county-levelcity
•翻四番：
octuple/8times
•户籍人口：
registeredpopulation
•综合经济实力：
aggregateeconomicstrength
•累计：
inaccumulation
•办事机构：
representativeoffice
•世界500强企业：
Fortune500enterprises
•商品交易市场：
trademarkets
•社会消费品：
socialconsumerproducts
•Fiscalrevenue财政收入
•expenditure财政支出
•annualgrowth全年增长
•Estimate估计
•
•Publicspeaking:
•1.voiceproj
升级会员 