卫生类职称英语教材新增文章2.docx

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卫生类职称英语教材新增文章2

2011年卫生类职称英语教材新增文章下载

阅读理解新增文章(共4篇)

目录:

第十八篇(B级):

ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabetics

第二十四篇(B级):

PreventingChlidMaltreatment

第十八篇

ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabetics

  Mostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeⅡdiabetescouldstoptakinginsuliniftheywoulddobriskexercisefor30minutesiustthreetimesaweek,accordingtonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedintheCopenhagennewspaperBerlingskeTidendeonMonday.

  ResultsfromtestsconductedondiabeticsattheCopenhagenCentralHospitalRigshospitalet'sCenterforMuscleResearchshowedthatphysicalexercisecanboostthebody’sabilitytoutiliseinsulinby30percent,thenewspaperreported.

  Thisisequalto1theeffectmostelderlydiabeticsgetfromtheirinsulinmedicationtoday,itsaid.

  Researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagroupofmenwithtypeII,allmorethan60yearsofage,exerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekforthreemonths.Afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhowmuchsugarthetestsubjects’musclescouldutiliseasameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked.2

  AssociateProfessor3Dr.HemmingDelaoftheMuscleResearchCentersaidthetestsdemonstratedthattheexercisingdiabeticshadjustashighinsulinutilisationasthehealthynon-exercisingpersons.

  “Thismeansthattheinsulinworksjustaswellforbothgroups.Physicalexercisecannotcurepeopleofdiabetes,4butitcaneliminatealmostalltheirsymptoms.Atthesametimeitcanputoff5thepointatwhichtheyhavetobegintakinginsulinorperhapscompletelyavoidinsulintreatment,”Delawasquotedassaying.6

  Insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas,controllingsugarinthebodyandusedagainstdiabetes.

  Delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonlyexercisetothepointwheretheybegintoworkup7asweat,butthattheactivityhastobemaintainedsinceitwearsoff8afterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.

  Mostdiabeticsrealisethattheyhavetowatchtheirdietwhileremainingunawareof9theimportanceofexercise,Delaadded.

  词汇:

  Insulinn.胰岛素utilise(=utilize)vt.利用,使用

  diabeticadj.(患)糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者medicationn.药物,药物治疗

  subjectn.实验对象

  diabetesn.糖尿病;多尿症utilisation(=utilization)n.利用,使用

  briskadj.轻快的;活泼的,活跃的

  Copenhagenn.哥本哈根(丹麦首都)sayingn.格言

  hormonen.激素

  musclen.肌肉pancreasn.胰(腺)

  注释:

  1.beequalto:

等于

  2.asameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked:

作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。

从语法上分析,how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。

  3.associateprofessor:

副教授

  4.…cannotcurepeopleofdiabetes:

不能治好人们的糖尿病。

curesb.ofsth.:

给某人医治某病。

例如:

Thismedicineshouldcureyouofyourcold.这药准能治好你的感冒。

  5.putoff:

推迟,延期

  6.Delawasquotedassaying:

Dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。

注意谓语是被动语态。

  7.workup:

逐步引起,激起

  8.wearoff:

逐渐消失

  9.(be)unawareofsth.:

不知道,没觉察

  练习:

  1.HowcouldmostelderlytypeIIdiabeticsstoptakinginsulin?

  ABytakingmoresalt.thanusual.

  BBytakinglesssaltthanusual.

  CBydoingbriskexerciseforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweek.

  DBygoingclimbing,swimmingorboxingeveryday.

  2.Physicalexercisemayincreasethebodyabilitytoutiliseinsulinby

  A70percent.B30percent.

  C60percent.Donlyafewpercent.

  3.ThesubjectsoftheresearchtestsconductedattheCopenhagenCentralHospitalincluded

  Aelderlynon-diabeticmen.BelderlytypeIIdiabeticmen.

  Cbothsexesofallages.DbothAandB.

  4.Towhatadegreehavediebeticstoexerciseinordertoachievethedesiredeffect?

  ATothedegreewheretheybegintosweat.

  BTothedegreewheretheyfeelexhausted.

  CTothepointwhentheyfeelthirsty.

  DTothepointwhentheyhavetotakeinsulin.

  5.AccordingtoDela,amongmostdiabeticstheimportanceofexerciseistheimportanceofwatchingtheirdiet.

  AaspoorlyunderstoodasBaswellunderstoodas

  ClessunderstoodthanDbetterunderstoodthan

  答案与题解:

  1.C文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。

至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至终都没有提到。

  2.B文章第二段说到,体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。

  3.D此题答案在文章第四段,实验对象既有II型糖尿病患者,也有健康人,而且都是60岁以上的男人。

  4.A文章倒数第二段说到,体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。

  5.C最后一段明确说到,大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食,但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性

第二十四篇

PreventingChildMaltreatment

  Childmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-longconsequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.Dataformanycountries,especiallylow-andmiddle-incomecountries,arelacking.

  Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Currentestimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearchused.Nonetheless.internationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%ofwomenand5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexuallyabusedaschildren,while25-50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionally,manychildrenaresubjectto1emotionalabuse(sometimesreferredtoas2psychologicalabuse).

  Everyyear,thereareanestimated31,000homicidedeathsinchildrenunder15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentoftheproblem,asasignificantproportionofdeathsduetochildmaltreatmentareincorrectlyattributedto3falls,bumsanddrowning.

  Childmaltreatmentcausessufferingtochildrenandfamiliesandcanhavelong-termconsequences.Maltreatmentcausesstressthatisassociatedwithdisruptioninearlybraindevelopment.Extremestresscanimpairthedevelopmentofthenervousandimmunesystems.Consequently,asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehavioural,physicalandmentalhealthproblems.Viathebehaviouralandmentalhealthconsequences,maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancer,suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.4

  Beyondthehealthconsequencesofchildmaltreatment,thereisaneconomicimpact,includingcostsofhospitalization,mentalhealthtreatment,childwelfare,andlonger-termhealthcosts.

  Anumberofriskfactorsforchildmaltreatmenthavebeenidentified.Theseriskfactorsarenotpresentinallsocialandculturalcontexts,butprovideanoverviewwhenattemptingtounderstandthecausesofchildmaltreatment.

  Itisimportanttoemphasizethatchildrenarethevictimsandarenevertoblamefor5maltreatment.Anumberofcharacteristicsofanindividualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreated,suchasbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescent,beingunwanted,orfailingtofulfiltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneeds,cryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures.6

  词汇:

  maltreatmentn.虐待impairvt.损害

  consequencen.结局,结果viaprep.通过,用

  prevalencen.流行transmitvt.传染,传播

  approximatelyadv.大约,大概likelihoodn.可能性

  abusevt&n.滥用;虐待adolescentn.青春期之男孩或女孩

  homiciden.杀人

  attributevt.归因于persistentlyadv.坚持地,持续地

  disruptionn.扰乱

  注释:

  l.besubjectto:

遭受……

  2.bereferredtoas:

被当做……

  3.beattributedto:

把……归因于……

  4.Consequently,asadults,maltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehavioural.physicalandmentalhealthproblems.Viathebehaviouralandmentalhealthconsequences,maltreatmentcancontributetoheartdisease,cancer,suicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.

  因此,那些曾被虐待的儿童,到了成人期,在行为、生理以及心理等方面出现疾病的危险性大大增加。

通过行为和心理上对健康的影响,虐待又会导致其出现心脏病、癌症、自杀以及性传播疾病等。

  5.toblamefor:

因……怪罪,责怪(某人)

  6.Anumberofcharacteristicsofanindividualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreated,suchasbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescent,beingunwanted,orfailingtofulfiltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneeds,cryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeatures.

  有几大特征会增加儿童受虐待的可能性,如四岁以下或正处于青春期,被觉得是多余的,或者不能实现父母的愿望,有特殊要求,不停地哭闹或者身体有异常等。

  练习:

  1.ThedifficultsituationintheglobalestimatesofthechildmaltreatmentisduetothefollowingfactorsEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.

  Achildmaltreatmentisaglobalproblem

  Bthereisnoexactdateaboutlow-andmid-incomecountries

  Cthereisashortageoftheprofessionaldatecollectors

  Ddifferentscientistsusedifferentresearchmethods

  2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

  A20%ofwomengotsexuallyabusedintheirchildhood.

  B25-50%ofallchildrenwerereportedtohavebeenphysicallyabused.

  C25-50%ofchildrenwerepsychologicallyabused.

  D60-75%ofchildrenwereneglectedbytheirparents.

  3.Manyhomicidedeathsinchildrenunder15arewronglycategorizedintothefollowingtypesEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.

  AdrowninginswimmingBdiarrhea

  CburnsDfalls

  4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthebadimpactcausedbychildmaltreatment?

  AThechildwillbehavebadlyinhismemoryofhischildhoodwhen、hegrowsup.

  BChildmaltreatmenthurtshisnervousandimmunesystems.

  CChildmaltreatmentdamageshisearlybraindevelopment.

  DThechildiseasilyaffectedbymanydiseasesinhisadulthood.

  5.ThemaltreatedchidlrenoftenbearallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPTaccordingtothepassage.

  Atheyfrequentlyandeasilycry

  Btheyareininfant’sorinadolescentperiod

  Ctheyareoftenneglectedbytheirparentsorfriends

  Dthevoftentrytheirbesttomeettherequirementsfromtheirparents

  答案与题解:

  1.C文中第一段提到了虐待儿童是一全球问题,无法获得中低收入国家中儿童受虐数字资料,第二段开头提到了儿童受虐数字难以统计的另外一个原因,即研究方法的差异性,只有专业统计人员是否缺乏没有提及,因此答案为C。

  2.B文中第二段对数字有明确说明。

  3.B文中第三段指出每年15岁以下儿童死亡大概在31,000人,该数字大大低估了实际情况,是因为有相当多的由于受虐而导致死亡的儿童被归因为摔死、烧死、淹死。

没有明确指出腹泻,因此可推断出该题答案为B。

  4.A文中提到虐待儿童会导致其出现身体上的疾病,包括神经系统,免疫系统,大脑发育,以及成年后出现的疾病,但那没有提到是否会对其记忆力产生影响,因此,答案为A。

  5.D参见注释

完型填空新增文章(共4篇)

目录:

第七篇(B级):

Exercise

第八篇(B级):

FoodSafetyandFoodborneIllness

第七篇

Exercise

  Weatherornotexerciseadds

(1)thelengthoflife,itiscommonexperiencethatacertain

(2)ofregularexerciseimprovesthehealthandcontributesafeelingofwell-being.

  Furthermore,exercise(3)involvesplayandrecreation,andrelievesnervoustensionand

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