全国自学考试综合英语二及答案.docx

全国自学考试综合英语二及答案.docx

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全国自学考试综合英语二及答案

全国2005年10月高等教育自学考试

英语阅读

（二）试题

课程代码：

00596

SectionOneVocabulary（30Points）

I.MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththeirdefinitionsinColumnB.WritetheletteroftheanswertoeachwordinColumnAonyourAnswerSheet.（10points,1pointforeach）

（A）（B）

1.assessA.danger

2.assembleB.skillful

3.executeC.causingmuchargumentordisagreement

4.hazardD.obviously,clearly

5.scarcityE.fixorputtogether

6.regulatorF.judgethequalityorworthof

7.strategicG.carryout

8.controversialH.easilyharmed,hurtorwounded

9.vulnerableI.apersonwhomakesotherstoobeyrules

10.apparentlyJ.inadequatesupplycomparedwithdemand

Ⅱ.Readeachofthefollowingsentencescarefully.ChooseA,B,CorDthathastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphraseandwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.（10points,1pointforeach）

11.Oneimportantreasonformanyoftheaccidentsinthenuclearplantsisthatsafetyprocedureswereeitherinadequateorignored.

A.underestimatedB.overdone

C.unnoticedD.overlooked

12.Thethirdmeaningoftheterm“foreignexchange”isthatitcovers,inageneralway,theratesatwhichforeignexchangeisquoted.

A.removesB.conceals

C.reportsD.treats

13.AsspringcomestoBeringSea,whales,sealsandmanyothermigratinganimalsareswimmingsouthwardthroughtheBeringchannels.

A.travelingB.mating

C.wanderingD.breeding

14.Observationismuchmoreprecisebeyondtheatmosphere,becausetheskyisdarker.

A.apparentB.accurate

C.impressiveD.enjoyable

15.Forecastershavetotakeintoaccountabroaddiversityofthemes.

A.disagreementB.division

C.varietyD.intensity

16.TheBritishgovernmenthasbeenurgedtomakeaninquiryintoanuclearplantbecausetherehavebeentoomanyaccidentsthere.

A.lookintoB.askabout

C.searchforD.seekafter

17.ThepilgrimshadbeentoJerusalemtoworshiptheGodwhenthetragedyhappened.

A.touristsB.worshipers

C.viewersD.tramps

18.Dr.Owenistakingtheissuefurtherbypressingforascrutinyoftheaccident-proneplantitself.

A.asupervisionB.asolution

C.aninspectionD.adiscussion

19.Inmodernindustry,waterfulfillsseveralessentialfunctions.

A.idealB.actual

C.compulsoryD.necessary

20.“Goodwriting”,saysHarvardUniversityhistorianRichardMarius,“isakindofwrestlingwiththought.”

A.tryinghardtobringoutideasB.tryinghardwithimagination

C.collectinginformationD.strivingforexplanation

Ⅲ.Scanthefollowingpassageandfindthewordswhichhaveroughlythemeaningsgivenbelow.WritethewordyouchooseinthecorrespondingspaceonyourAnswerSheet.（10points,1pointforeach）

Note:

Thenumbersinthebracketsrefertothenumbersofparagraphsinthepassage.

21.chemicalsthatformintochainsofprotein

（1）

22.suggested

（1）

23.acelestialobjectthatlandsonearth

（2）

24.scarce（3）

25.personswhohavedifferentopinionsanddoubts（3）

26.wasinchargeof（3）

27.matter（4）

28.largemovingcelestialbodies（4）

29.letout（5）

30.connect（6）

（1）GeorgeGrowScientistssaytheyhavefoundtwounusualaminoacidsinancientrocksinDenmark.TheysaytheirfindingsprovidesupportfortheideathatdinosaursdiedafterahugespacerockhitEarthsixty-fivemillionyearsago.Theideathatdinosaursdiedafteraspacecrashwasproposedin1980byscientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.

（2）ThosescientistssaidahugecomethitEarthatgreatspeed.Thecrashcreatedalargecloudofdust.ThecloudblockedsunlightfromreachingEarth.Withoutsunlight,Earth’sweathercooledsharply.Thecoldweatherkilledplantsandotherfoodsthedinosaursate.Soon,theanimalswerealldead.

（3）TheCaliforniascientistsproposedthisideaafterfindinglargeamountsoftheelementiridium.Theelementwasinalayerofgroundformedaboutthetimedinosaursdied.IridiumisrareonEarth.Butlargeamountsarefoundinspaceobjectssuchasasteroidsandcomets.Criticsofthisideasaytheiridiummaynothavecomefromspace.TheysayitcouldhavebeencreatedbyvolcanoesonEarth.ThelateststudywasheadedbyJeffreyBadaandMeixunZhaooftheScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyinCalifornia.

（4）ThescientistsexaminedrocksfromStevnsKlintinDenmark.Theyfoundlargeamountsoftwounusualaminoacidsnearalagerofiridium.Theaminoacidswereinalayerformedaboutthesametimedinosaursdied.Thescientistslookedforthesesubstancesinrocksfromothertimeperiods.Theyfoundnone.Thescientistsnotedthatthetwoaminoacidsarefoundinmeteorites,butarerareonEarth.ThescientistssaidtheyprobablydidnotcomefromEarth’svolcanoes.

（5）Surprisingly,thetwoaminoacidsfoundinDenmarkwerenotfoundinthesamelayerasiridium.Theywerefoundaboveandbelowit.Thescientistssaytheaminoacidsmayhaveleakedoutoftheiridiumlayer.

（6）Aseparatereportsaidthereislittlequestionthattheaminoacidscamefromspace.Anditsaidtheaminoacidsaredatedcorrectly.Butitsaidmoreinvestigationisneededtolinktheacidswiththedeathofdinosaurs.

SectionTwoReadingComprehension（40Points）

Ⅳ.Skimthefollowingpasasgeandreadthestatementsgivenrightafterthepassageandjudgewhethertheyaretrueorfalse.Write“T”fortrueand“F”forfalseonyourAnswerSheet.（10points,1pointforeach）

（1）AcrucialpoliticaltransitioninIraqbeganattheendoftheoccupationonJune28andwilllastuntilthegeneralelectionssetforDecember31,2005,ashasbeendocumentedinthesupremelawoftoday’sIraq,theTransitionalAdministrativeLaw.TheinterimgovernmentwassworninonJune1,waitingtotakethereignsofsovereigntyfromtheCoalitionProvisionalAuthority.Questionsremainwhether,inthecoming18months,theinterimgovernmentcanreviveIraq’ssluggishpost-warreconstructionandexerteffectivecontroloverthecountry.

（2）Firstofall,thelegitimacyofthenewgovernmentremainsanissue.Thepresident,vicepresidents,primeministerandministershaveallbeenappointed,notelectedpopularly.BothPresidentGhazial-YawerandPrimeMinisterIyadAllawiwerepluckedfromtheU.S.-pickedGoverningCouncil.Also,onethirdofthenewcabinetarealsomembersofthecouncil.TheonlydifferencebetweentheinterimgovernmentandtheGoverningCouncilisthatallthe25membersofthecouncilwereappointedbytheUnitedStatesalone,whilethe33membersofcominggovernmenthaveaUNstampofapproval.Astheinterimgovernment,liketheGoverningCouncil,wasnotelectedbytheIraqipeople,itsauthorityasapro-democraticinstitutionisquestionable.

（3）Thesecondunknowniswhethertheinterimgovernmentcanestablishsomekindofpowerbalance.TheTransitionalAdministrativeLawsaysthattheinterimgovernmentisafederalbodyconsistingoflegislative,executiveandjudicialauthorities.TheNationalCongress（275members）isthelegislature.Thepresidencycouncil（onepresidentandtwovicepresidents）andthecouncilofministers（includingtheprimeminister）constitutetheexecutiveoffices,whilethejudiciaryismadeupofahigherjudicialcouncilandafederalsupremecourt,includingitsbranches.Basedona“checksandbalances”systemamongthelegislature,judicialandexecutivebodies,thethreebranchesofgovernment,intheory,providedecentralizedbalanceofpowersinsideafederalframework,whichisbasedonthegovernmentoftheUnitedStates.

（4）ItisstilltobeseenwhethertheinterimgovernmentcanagreeonaworkableconstitutionandrelinquishauthoritytothewilloftheIraqipeopleonceelectionsdotakeplace.AccordingtotheTransitionalAdministrativeLaw,fromthehandovertotheendof2005,Iraqwillholdseveralregionalelections,includingtwoforthenationalcongress.Therewillalsobeanationalreferendumontheconstitution.TheUNwilldispatchagrouptofacilitatetheprocess,butitwillnotbeeasy.

（5）Iraqhadlongbeenundertheroleofahereditarymonarchandthenamilitarygeneralafteracoupin1958.SaddamHusseinhadexercisedheavy-handedrule,allowingnopoliticaloppositioninthecountry.MostIraqishaveneverexperienceddemocraticrightsandmayindeedfindithardinitiallytoadaptthemselvestosuchasystem.Theinterimgovernment,therefore,facesatasktoimplementapoliticalsystemthatIraqisareneitherfamiliarwithnorfullytrustingof.Norarethenewleaders.

（6）Furthermore,numerouspoliticalfactions,religioussectsandtribesinIraqremaindeep-rooted.Kurds,inthemountainousnorth,accountingfor22percentofIraqipopulation,haveastandingarmyofnearly70,000.Manylocalsdonotwanttoletgoofthedefactoautonomytheyhavehad,underU.S.andBritishairprotection,sincethe1991Gulfwar.HusseinattemptedtosubjugatetheKurdsunderhisrole,sotheyhavethusbeenverycooperativewiththecoalitionarmy.

（7）Yetanothervariableiswhethertheinterimgovernmentcanindependentlyexertstatepower.DespitetheexplicitsupportoftheUN（supposedtorepresenttheinternationalcommunity）,theinterimgovernmentisstillontheleashoftheUnitedStates,thoughperceptionsmayvarytowhatdegreeandforhowlongthiswillbethecase.Itisundeniable,nonetheless,thatthisnewgovernmentwillhavelimitedpower.TheUnitedStateswillkeepits138,000troopsinIraqatleastforthedurationofthetransitionalperiod.ThenewIraqiGovernmenthasexpresseditswishtohave,atminimum,asupervisoryroleinmilitary