句子类型.docx

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句子类型.docx

句子类型

句子类型

【要点提示】

英语句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1.简单句由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成,其五种基本句型分别为:

“主语+不及物动词”、“主语+及物动词+宾语”、“主语+系动词+表语”、“主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”、“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”。

2.并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句(即分句)组成。

常用的连词或副词有and,but,or,then,so等。

3.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。

初中阶段要求掌握宾语从句和状语从句的简单用法。

【考点分述】

句子类型的考点主要集中在复合句上面,下面就初中阶段需要掌握的复合句的用法作一归纳。

1.宾语从句

1)由that引导的宾语从句。

有大量的动词可以接

that引导的宾语从句,如advise,agree,believe,decide,find,hear,hope,insist,know,learn,mean,realize,say,see,show,suggest,tell,think,wish等。

2)由连接代(副)词引导的宾语从句。

这类连接代(副)词主要有what,who,which,where,why,how,whether,if等。

3)直接引语变间接引语时常用到宾语从句。

2.状语从句

1)时间状语从句。

时间状语从句通常由when,while,as,since,after,before,assoonas,till/until等引导。

其中需要我们注意的是:

当主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

例如:

Iwon’tgooutuntilmymotherreturns.

2)地点状语从句。

地点状语从句通常由where,

wherever等引导。

3)原因状语从句。

原因状语从句通常由because,

since,as等引导。

其中需要我们注意的是:

because和so不能同时出现一个句子中。

例如:

Becauseshefailedagain,soshewasunhappy.(×)

Shefailedagain,soshewasunhappy.(√)

4)条件状语从句。

条件状语从句通常由if,unless等引导。

其中需要我们注意的是:

当主句是一般将来时,条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

例如:

Ifyouwillworkhard,you’llsucceed.(×)

Ifyouworkhard,you’llsucceed.(√)

5)目的状语从句。

目的状语从句

通常由sothat,inorderthat等引导。

6)结果状语从句。

结果状语从句通常由so,so...

that,such...that等引导。

其中需要我们注意的是:

在such...that引导的结果状语从句中,such后接名词,在so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so后接形容词或副词。

当名词前有many,few,much,little等词时,通常用so,而不用such。

例如:

EricwassogoodatMathsthathegotthefirstplaceintheMathscontest.

HegavemesuchgoodadvicethatIfinishedthetaskeasily.

Mikehadsolittlemoneythathewasunabletobuyamobilephone.

7)让步状语从句。

让步状语从句通常由eventhough,evenif,although,though等来引导。

其中需要我们注意的是:

在含有although或though引导的让步状语从句的复合句中,主句不能同时出现but。

例如:

Although/Thoughheisfamous,butheisnothappy.(×)

Although/Thoughheisfamous,heisnothappy.(√)

8)方式状语从句。

方式状语从句通常由as引导。

9)比较状语从句。

比较状语从句通常由as/so...

as,than等引导。

【专项练习】

Ⅰ.请根据汉语句子意思,将下列句子译成英语。

1.她很早就到了。

___________________________________________

2.这种纸摸起来很柔软。

___________________________________________

3.你能把那本字典递给我吗?

___________________________________________

4.我停下来找那支钢笔,但没找到。

___________________________________________

5.上个月我们选了他当班长。

___________________________________________

6.我听见那个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。

___________________________________________

7.他的女儿嫁给了一个工程师。

___________________________________________

8.湖里有许多鱼。

___________________________________________

9.这就是你想要的那本杂志。

___________________________________________

10.我认为他在八点前不会回来的。

___________________________________________

Ⅱ.请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

()1.Wewon’tgetthereontime__________weleaveearlytomorrowmorning.

A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.because

()2.________theyhadfinishedtheirwork,theywenthome.

A.WhenB.WhileC.AfterD.Until

()3.Thestudentscan’tanswerthequestion,________itistoohard.

A.beforeB.althoughC.afterD.because

()4.Hedidn’tgohome__________therainstopped.

A.whenB.afterC.sinceD.until

()5.—Haveyoufoundyourgloves?

—Yes,theywerelying_________Ioftenputmywatch.

A.whatB.which

C.howD.where

()6.Hewantstofindabetterjob__________hecan

makemoremoney.

A.assoonasB.sothatC.whereD.while

()7.Youmusttakethemedicine___________yougetwell.

A.whileB.sinceC.tillD.so

()8.Theoldmanhelpedlotsofchildrenwiththeirschooling,__________hewasnotrichenough.

A.ifB.unlessC.sinceD.though

()9.—Whydon’tyoujointhe

basketballclub?

—___________Iamnotinterestedinit.

A.BecauseB.ForC.AsD.Since

()10.—_________heisrich,__________thereissomethingthathecan’tbuy.

—Yes.Suchasfriendshipandlove.

A.Because,不填B.Though,不填

C.Because,soD.Though,but

()11.___________heisold,heishealthyenough.

A.IfB.ButC.AssoonasD.Although

()12.____________Ithoughtthebookwasboring,theotherstudentsinmyclasslikedit.

A.SoB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.If

()13.Youwillmakegreatprogress_________youstudyveryhard.

A.ifB.unlessC.beforeD.until

()14.—Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingstamps?

—____________Iwastenyearsold.

A.WhenB.SinceC.BeforeD.After

()15.__________Ididn’tfeelwellyesterday,Iaskedforleave.

A.Although

B.ButC.UnlessD.Because

()16.—Whereismyradio?

—Youlentittome_________youwereintheclassroomyesterday.

A.whenB.whereC.becauseD.before

()17.Youshouldaskforyourmother’s

suggestions__________youmakeyourowndecision.

A.afterB.before

C.untilD.as

()18.Hemetmanydifficulties_________hewas

lookingforhisfirstjob.

A.beforeB.assoonas

C.whileD.until

()19.Youcancrossthestree

t____________thetrafficlightsturngreen.

A.thoughB.butC.beforeD.after

()20.We’llgoclimbingifit___________thisweekend.

A.won’trainB.isn’training

C.wasn’trainingD.doesn’train

()21.Don’tworry.Iwillhelpyou___________Ifinishmywork.

A.whileB.assoonasC.unlessD.though

()22.__________Iwashavingdinner,Scottcalledme.

A.SinceB.WhileC.BecauseD.If

()23.Shecanrunasfast_________hermother,sheisonlytenyearsold.

A.as,thoughB.as,unlessC.than,whenD.than,as

()24.__________youhavecome,youshouldn’tgoawaysoon.

A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.SinceD.Sothat

()25.Doyoumind__________Igotovisityourfarmthisweekend?

A.ifB.becauseC.asD.until

()26.Theboyhadbeensenttohospital_________thepolicemencame.

A.asB.whileC.whenD.if

()27.Maryfindsiteasiertospeak_________towrite.

A.asB.thanC.soD.if

()28.HewaswatchingTV___________thealien(外星人)camein.

A.whileB.asC.sinceD.when

()29._________herefusedmyinvitation,Iwasnotangrywithhim.

A.BecauseB.ButC.ThoughD.As

()30.Heate_________food_________hecouldn’tgotosleepqui

ckly.

A

.somuch,thatB.somany,soC.somuch,asD.somany,that

Ⅲ.同义句转换,每空一词(含缩写)。

1.Hewenttosleepaftereleveno’clock.

He______________gotosleep________________eleveno’clock.

2.Putonyourcoat,andyou’llfeelverywarm.

______________youputonyourcoat,___________feelverywarm.

3.Heistootiredtogoanyfarther.

Heis____________tired_____________hecan’tgoanyfarther.

4.Iwillopentheboxifyoudon’tletmeknowwhat’sinit.

Iwillopenthebox________________you_____________

_________________________what’sinit.

5.Tomissocleverthatwealllikehim.

Tomis______________________________________boythatwealllikehim.

Ⅳ.下列各句带下划线部分中有一处错误,请找出并改正。

1.Hewon’tgohomeu

ntiltherainwillstop.____________

2.Sinceherparentshaddied,soshehadtoworktosupportherself.____________

3.Hewasrunningontheplaygroundsuchfastashecould.____________

4.Heisverycarefulthathenevermakesmistakes.____________

5.Helenhadgoneoutwhilehermothergothome.____________

6.Thebuildingofourschoolishigherasthatoftheirschool.____________

7.Igavehimsuchmuchhelpthathewasmovedtotears.____________

8.Thoughshewasill,shecouldn’tcometoschool.____________

9.Hedidn’tcomebacksinceitwasteno’clock.____________

10.Canyoutellmethatthere’sabookstorenearhere?

____________

Ⅴ.请根据句意,用适当的连接词填空,使句意完整、通顺。

1.________________heopenedthewindow,abirdflew

in.

2.Ihaven’theardfromhim________________hewentabroad.

3.Heran________________fast________________noonecouldcatchhim.

4.Jennywillnotgoswimmingwithus________________sheistoobusy.

5.Ifeltverysad________________thebookwaslost.

6.Don’tmove—juststay________________youare!

7.I’llcontinuewritingtoher,________________sheneveranswers.

8.Heexpla

inedclearly________________wecouldunderstand.

9.Don’tleavetheclassroom________________youfinishthetest.

10.Shesings________________shewalks.

11.Hewon’tcometotheparty________________heisinvited.

12.________________sheisonlysevenyearsold,sheknowsquitealot.

13.________________heisnotold,hishairisturninggrey.

14.Theteacherdidn’tbeginhisclass________________allthestudentswereseated.

15.________________Jamescaughta

badcoldyesterday,hehadtostayathome.

16.________________yougotobedearlier,youwon’tfeeltiredinthemorning.

17.IwaswatchingTV,________________mysisterwaslisteningtomusic.

18.Theclassroomisnotsoclean________________itwasyesterday.

19.MoreandmoreforeignersarelearningChinese________________theycancommunicatewellwiththeChinese.

20.________________IgettoGuangzhou,Iwillwritetoyou.

Ⅵ.请选择适当的词语填空(每项限用一次)。

1.when,while,as,assoonas,until,since

(1)It’smanyyears________________theWorldWarⅡ.

(2)I’lltellyouthegoodnews________________Igetthere.

(3)Hedidn’tgotobed________________11o’clocklastnight.

(4)Wewereswimmingintheriver________________itstartedtorain.

(5)Sportsbuildourbody________________readingbuildsourmind.

(6)Hejumps________________hegoesalong.

2.so...that,such...that,sothat

(1)Theanimalswere________________lovely________________Ispentthewholedayinthezoo.

(2)I’dliketoarrivethere20minutesearlier_______________Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.

(3)It’s________________abigfish________________itneeds

manypeopletocatchit.

3.because,since

(1)________________youhavegrownup,youshouldnotdependonyourparents.

(2)Hecouldn’tcometoyourparty________________hewasill.

4.although,though,but

(1)________________itwassocold,hewentoutwithoutacoa

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