句子类型.docx
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句子类型
句子类型
【要点提示】
英语句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1.简单句由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成,其五种基本句型分别为:
“主语+不及物动词”、“主语+及物动词+宾语”、“主语+系动词+表语”、“主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”、“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”。
2.并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句(即分句)组成。
常用的连词或副词有and,but,or,then,so等。
3.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
初中阶段要求掌握宾语从句和状语从句的简单用法。
【考点分述】
句子类型的考点主要集中在复合句上面,下面就初中阶段需要掌握的复合句的用法作一归纳。
1.宾语从句
1)由that引导的宾语从句。
有大量的动词可以接
that引导的宾语从句,如advise,agree,believe,decide,find,hear,hope,insist,know,learn,mean,realize,say,see,show,suggest,tell,think,wish等。
2)由连接代(副)词引导的宾语从句。
这类连接代(副)词主要有what,who,which,where,why,how,whether,if等。
3)直接引语变间接引语时常用到宾语从句。
2.状语从句
1)时间状语从句。
时间状语从句通常由when,while,as,since,after,before,assoonas,till/until等引导。
其中需要我们注意的是:
当主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
例如:
Iwon’tgooutuntilmymotherreturns.
2)地点状语从句。
地点状语从句通常由where,
wherever等引导。
3)原因状语从句。
原因状语从句通常由because,
since,as等引导。
其中需要我们注意的是:
because和so不能同时出现一个句子中。
例如:
Becauseshefailedagain,soshewasunhappy.(×)
Shefailedagain,soshewasunhappy.(√)
4)条件状语从句。
条件状语从句通常由if,unless等引导。
其中需要我们注意的是:
当主句是一般将来时,条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
例如:
Ifyouwillworkhard,you’llsucceed.(×)
Ifyouworkhard,you’llsucceed.(√)
5)目的状语从句。
目的状语从句
通常由sothat,inorderthat等引导。
6)结果状语从句。
结果状语从句通常由so,so...
that,such...that等引导。
其中需要我们注意的是:
在such...that引导的结果状语从句中,such后接名词,在so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so后接形容词或副词。
当名词前有many,few,much,little等词时,通常用so,而不用such。
例如:
EricwassogoodatMathsthathegotthefirstplaceintheMathscontest.
HegavemesuchgoodadvicethatIfinishedthetaskeasily.
Mikehadsolittlemoneythathewasunabletobuyamobilephone.
7)让步状语从句。
让步状语从句通常由eventhough,evenif,although,though等来引导。
其中需要我们注意的是:
在含有although或though引导的让步状语从句的复合句中,主句不能同时出现but。
例如:
Although/Thoughheisfamous,butheisnothappy.(×)
Although/Thoughheisfamous,heisnothappy.(√)
8)方式状语从句。
方式状语从句通常由as引导。
9)比较状语从句。
比较状语从句通常由as/so...
as,than等引导。
【专项练习】
Ⅰ.请根据汉语句子意思,将下列句子译成英语。
1.她很早就到了。
___________________________________________
2.这种纸摸起来很柔软。
___________________________________________
3.你能把那本字典递给我吗?
___________________________________________
4.我停下来找那支钢笔,但没找到。
___________________________________________
5.上个月我们选了他当班长。
___________________________________________
6.我听见那个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。
___________________________________________
7.他的女儿嫁给了一个工程师。
___________________________________________
8.湖里有许多鱼。
___________________________________________
9.这就是你想要的那本杂志。
___________________________________________
10.我认为他在八点前不会回来的。
___________________________________________
Ⅱ.请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
()1.Wewon’tgetthereontime__________weleaveearlytomorrowmorning.
A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.because
()2.________theyhadfinishedtheirwork,theywenthome.
A.WhenB.WhileC.AfterD.Until
()3.Thestudentscan’tanswerthequestion,________itistoohard.
A.beforeB.althoughC.afterD.because
()4.Hedidn’tgohome__________therainstopped.
A.whenB.afterC.sinceD.until
()5.—Haveyoufoundyourgloves?
—Yes,theywerelying_________Ioftenputmywatch.
A.whatB.which
C.howD.where
()6.Hewantstofindabetterjob__________hecan
makemoremoney.
A.assoonasB.sothatC.whereD.while
()7.Youmusttakethemedicine___________yougetwell.
A.whileB.sinceC.tillD.so
()8.Theoldmanhelpedlotsofchildrenwiththeirschooling,__________hewasnotrichenough.
A.ifB.unlessC.sinceD.though
()9.—Whydon’tyoujointhe
basketballclub?
—___________Iamnotinterestedinit.
A.BecauseB.ForC.AsD.Since
()10.—_________heisrich,__________thereissomethingthathecan’tbuy.
—Yes.Suchasfriendshipandlove.
A.Because,不填B.Though,不填
C.Because,soD.Though,but
()11.___________heisold,heishealthyenough.
A.IfB.ButC.AssoonasD.Although
()12.____________Ithoughtthebookwasboring,theotherstudentsinmyclasslikedit.
A.SoB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.If
()13.Youwillmakegreatprogress_________youstudyveryhard.
A.ifB.unlessC.beforeD.until
()14.—Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingstamps?
—____________Iwastenyearsold.
A.WhenB.SinceC.BeforeD.After
()15.__________Ididn’tfeelwellyesterday,Iaskedforleave.
A.Although
B.ButC.UnlessD.Because
()16.—Whereismyradio?
—Youlentittome_________youwereintheclassroomyesterday.
A.whenB.whereC.becauseD.before
()17.Youshouldaskforyourmother’s
suggestions__________youmakeyourowndecision.
A.afterB.before
C.untilD.as
()18.Hemetmanydifficulties_________hewas
lookingforhisfirstjob.
A.beforeB.assoonas
C.whileD.until
()19.Youcancrossthestree
t____________thetrafficlightsturngreen.
A.thoughB.butC.beforeD.after
()20.We’llgoclimbingifit___________thisweekend.
A.won’trainB.isn’training
C.wasn’trainingD.doesn’train
()21.Don’tworry.Iwillhelpyou___________Ifinishmywork.
A.whileB.assoonasC.unlessD.though
()22.__________Iwashavingdinner,Scottcalledme.
A.SinceB.WhileC.BecauseD.If
()23.Shecanrunasfast_________hermother,sheisonlytenyearsold.
A.as,thoughB.as,unlessC.than,whenD.than,as
()24.__________youhavecome,youshouldn’tgoawaysoon.
A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.SinceD.Sothat
()25.Doyoumind__________Igotovisityourfarmthisweekend?
A.ifB.becauseC.asD.until
()26.Theboyhadbeensenttohospital_________thepolicemencame.
A.asB.whileC.whenD.if
()27.Maryfindsiteasiertospeak_________towrite.
A.asB.thanC.soD.if
()28.HewaswatchingTV___________thealien(外星人)camein.
A.whileB.asC.sinceD.when
()29._________herefusedmyinvitation,Iwasnotangrywithhim.
A.BecauseB.ButC.ThoughD.As
()30.Heate_________food_________hecouldn’tgotosleepqui
ckly.
A
.somuch,thatB.somany,soC.somuch,asD.somany,that
Ⅲ.同义句转换,每空一词(含缩写)。
1.Hewenttosleepaftereleveno’clock.
He______________gotosleep________________eleveno’clock.
2.Putonyourcoat,andyou’llfeelverywarm.
______________youputonyourcoat,___________feelverywarm.
3.Heistootiredtogoanyfarther.
Heis____________tired_____________hecan’tgoanyfarther.
4.Iwillopentheboxifyoudon’tletmeknowwhat’sinit.
Iwillopenthebox________________you_____________
_________________________what’sinit.
5.Tomissocleverthatwealllikehim.
Tomis______________________________________boythatwealllikehim.
Ⅳ.下列各句带下划线部分中有一处错误,请找出并改正。
1.Hewon’tgohomeu
ntiltherainwillstop.____________
2.Sinceherparentshaddied,soshehadtoworktosupportherself.____________
3.Hewasrunningontheplaygroundsuchfastashecould.____________
4.Heisverycarefulthathenevermakesmistakes.____________
5.Helenhadgoneoutwhilehermothergothome.____________
6.Thebuildingofourschoolishigherasthatoftheirschool.____________
7.Igavehimsuchmuchhelpthathewasmovedtotears.____________
8.Thoughshewasill,shecouldn’tcometoschool.____________
9.Hedidn’tcomebacksinceitwasteno’clock.____________
10.Canyoutellmethatthere’sabookstorenearhere?
____________
Ⅴ.请根据句意,用适当的连接词填空,使句意完整、通顺。
1.________________heopenedthewindow,abirdflew
in.
2.Ihaven’theardfromhim________________hewentabroad.
3.Heran________________fast________________noonecouldcatchhim.
4.Jennywillnotgoswimmingwithus________________sheistoobusy.
5.Ifeltverysad________________thebookwaslost.
6.Don’tmove—juststay________________youare!
7.I’llcontinuewritingtoher,________________sheneveranswers.
8.Heexpla
inedclearly________________wecouldunderstand.
9.Don’tleavetheclassroom________________youfinishthetest.
10.Shesings________________shewalks.
11.Hewon’tcometotheparty________________heisinvited.
12.________________sheisonlysevenyearsold,sheknowsquitealot.
13.________________heisnotold,hishairisturninggrey.
14.Theteacherdidn’tbeginhisclass________________allthestudentswereseated.
15.________________Jamescaughta
badcoldyesterday,hehadtostayathome.
16.________________yougotobedearlier,youwon’tfeeltiredinthemorning.
17.IwaswatchingTV,________________mysisterwaslisteningtomusic.
18.Theclassroomisnotsoclean________________itwasyesterday.
19.MoreandmoreforeignersarelearningChinese________________theycancommunicatewellwiththeChinese.
20.________________IgettoGuangzhou,Iwillwritetoyou.
Ⅵ.请选择适当的词语填空(每项限用一次)。
1.when,while,as,assoonas,until,since
(1)It’smanyyears________________theWorldWarⅡ.
(2)I’lltellyouthegoodnews________________Igetthere.
(3)Hedidn’tgotobed________________11o’clocklastnight.
(4)Wewereswimmingintheriver________________itstartedtorain.
(5)Sportsbuildourbody________________readingbuildsourmind.
(6)Hejumps________________hegoesalong.
2.so...that,such...that,sothat
(1)Theanimalswere________________lovely________________Ispentthewholedayinthezoo.
(2)I’dliketoarrivethere20minutesearlier_______________Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.
(3)It’s________________abigfish________________itneeds
manypeopletocatchit.
3.because,since
(1)________________youhavegrownup,youshouldnotdependonyourparents.
(2)Hecouldn’tcometoyourparty________________hewasill.
4.although,though,but
(1)________________itwassocold,hewentoutwithoutacoa