黑龙江省哈尔滨市高考英语 阅读理解动词短语精讲讲练3.docx
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黑龙江省哈尔滨市高考英语阅读理解动词短语精讲讲练3
哈尔滨市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练(3)及答案
Ascomputergamesgettolookmorelifelike,itseemsthattheirviolenceisspillingoverintoreallife.Itisreportedthatsomedozensofchildrenhavebeenmurderedsince1997,whichhasbeenlinkedtoallobsession(着迷)withviolentvideogames.Recentlytheparentsofa14-year-oldmurdervictimintheUKblamedthekiller'sobsessionwiththegameManhunt,causingagovernmentreviewoflegislation(立法)toprotectchildren.
Psychologiststhinktheremaybemanyreasonswhyviolentgamesaremoreharmfultochildrenthanviolentmovies.Firstly,playersareactivelyinvolvedinviolence,andmaybegintoseeusingweaponsassecondnature.Secondly,violentgamesproviderepetitiveaggressive(侵犯的)experiencesthatarerewardedbymorekilling.
Manystudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoplayviolentgamesregularlyaremorelikelytoshowhighlevelsofaggression.Forinstance,in2000,scientistsinIowaStateUniversityfoundthatpeoplewhoplayedviolentgamesweremorelikelytoadmitinvolvementinaggressivebehaviors,includingassaults(侵犯人体罪)orrobberies.
Astudyof13to14-year-oldchildrenshowedthatmorethanhalfhadplayedgamesrecommendedonlyforover18s.Themoreviolentthegamestheyplayed,themoretheyconsideredphysicalaggressiontobeacceptable.Besides,childrenwhoplayviolentgamesaremoreprone(有做……倾向的)toarguingwithteachersandfighting.
Experimentalstudieshavealsohintedatapossiblelink.Inone,scientistsaskedagroupofstudentstoplayaviolentgame,whileanothergroupplayedthenonviolent.Thosewhoplayedtheviolentgameswerefastertoreacttoaggressivewordssubsequently(随后)flashedonscreen.
49.Wemayinferfromthefirstparagraphthat .
A.computergameshavelittletodowithviolenceinreallife
B.Manhunthasresultedinthedeathofoneofitsplays
C.lifelikecomputergamesareforbiddenintheUK
D.legislationtoprotectchildrenintheUKstillneedsimproving
50.Violentgamesaremoreharmfultochildrenthanviolentmoviesbecause .
A.violentmoviesarenotsoattractivetochildren
B.theviewerscan'ttakepartinviolentmovies
C.violentmoviesarenotpopularwithchildren
D.childrencanwinawardsinviolentgames
51.Whatwillbeprobablydiscussedintheparagraphfollowingthepassage?
A.Furtherresearchontheharmofviolentgames.
B.Furtherdifferencesbetweenviolentgameandnonviolentgames.
C.Waystoprotectchildrenfromviolentgames.
D.Theresultofmoreexperimentalstudies.
52.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.GamesandMurder
B.ShouldComputerGamesbecomelifelike?
C.Legislation,effectiveornot?
D.ViolentGamesandNonviolentGames
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动词和动词词组
热点2常见动词近义词辨析
常见动词近义词很多,有必要掌握以下常见词类:
1.关于win,defeat,beat和gain
(1)win作“赢”讲时,其宾语常是:
war,battle,game,match,argument,avictory,theprize,100yuan,arace,honorfor,thepraise,thefirstplace…等,而不能是表示人的名词。
(2)beat及物动词,后面的宾语是“对手”,表示结果。
如:
beatsb.in…在比赛、战斗、争论中击败某人。
beathimattabletennis在乒乓球赛中击败他
(3)defeatsb.在战斗、战争、比赛中击败对手。
强调暂时行为。
如:
defeattheenemyinthewar在战争中击败敌人
(4)gain及物动词,表示“获得、赢得所需之物/利益或好处”。
如:
gainexperience/wealth/areputation/thetime/themarks/therank/theprize/one’srespect/success/knowledge/one’sliving/happiness/asalary/anhonor…。
[典例1]Ourbasketballteam____theirsbyascoreof100:
98.
A.wonB.defeatC.beatD.gained
解析C近义词辨析题。
根据win不和theirs(theirteams)搭配;defeat与sb.连接;gain常有“获得……”,也不与theirs搭配。
只有beat与“(击败的)对手”搭配,强调结果,故选C。
2.关于fit,suit和match
(1)fit作及物动词,表示“适合、配上、合身”。
如:
Thiscoatfitshernicely.这件外套非常合适。
Thekeydoesn’tfitthelock,这把钥匙不合这把锁。
(2)作形容词,表示“适合、健康”》常构成befitfor。
如:
Heisfitforthejob,他适合这份工作。
Thewaterisfittodrink.这水适合喝。
(3)作不及物动词,表示“吻合、合身”。
如:
Doesthecoatfit?
这件大衣合身吗?
(4)suit作适合,常强调颜色、款式等适合某人,而fit则强调大小合身。
如:
Thatcolordoesn’tsuityourcomplexion(肤色)。
这颜色不适合你的肤色。
(5)match表示“在(品质、颜色、设计等方面)与……相配”。
如:
Carpetsshouldmatchthecurtains.地毯必须与窗帘区配。
[典例2]Theredtieyouboughtdoesn’t______mycoat.
A.fitB.fitforC.suitD.match
解析D近义词辨析题目。
fit作及物动词,表示大小合身;作不及物动词,强调“吻合”;作形容词,则须用befitfor;suit强调“款式合适”,只有match强调“与……匹配”。
故选D。
3.关于cost,spend,take和pay
(1)从意义上讲,都可表示“花钱”。
如:
“我花10元钱买衬衣”。
这一句话可有四种翻译:
Theshirtcostmetenyuan.
Ispenttenyuanontheshirt.
Ittookmetenyuantobuytheshirt.
Ipaidtenyuanfortheshirt.
(2)结构搭配上的不同
①spend的主语只能是人。
常用结构:
sb.+spend(s)+time/moneyonsth./indoingsth.
②cost的主语只能是指事或物的名词、代词或名词性短语。
常用结构:
sth.+cost(s)+sb.+time/money
③take的主语多为指物的名词。
常用结构:
It+takes+time/money+todosth.
④pay的主语是人,为买某物而付钱。
常用结构:
sb.+pay(s)+money+forsth.
[典例3]I_____thecoatinthesupermarketfor260yuan.
A.costB.paidC.pentD.bought
解析D近义词辨析题。
用cost,则主谓搭配不当;用pay,则260yuan作宾语;用spend,则与for260yuan搭配不当;应选用buy,其用法和搭配均与句意吻合。
4.关于hurt,wound,injure和harm
(1)hurt:
表示“肉体或情感上的痛苦,强调疼痛感”。
如:
Manypeoplewerehurtwhenabusandatruckcollided.
一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞,许多人受了伤。
(2)wound:
表示“由于剑、刀、枪等锐器造成身体上较严重的外伤,特别是在战争中受伤”。
如:
Thesoldierwaswoundedinthearm.这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。
(3)injure:
表示“指意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害”。
如:
Thereweretwopeopleinjuredinthecaraccident.
有两个人在车祸中受了伤。
(4)harm:
表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或损失,其对象可以是自己,也可以是其他人或物”。
如:
Ourdogwon’tharmyou.我们的狗不会伤害你的。
Gettingupearlywon’tharmyou!
早起对你没有坏处。
[典例4]Therewasanunexpectedexplosioninourstreet,butourbuildingwasn’t_____atall.
A.hurtB.woundedC.harmedD.injured
解析C近义词辨析题目。
hurt强调“精神或肉体上的疼痛”;wound强调“刀、枪伤”;harm强调“危害、损失”;injure强调“意外伤害”。
名意为:
我们住的街道发生了一次意外的爆炸事故,但我们的大楼却丝毫没有受损。
故用harmed合句意。
重点1两种常错常考的可作谓语的动词
1.几组拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词
hanghangedhanged(绞死)laylaidlaid(放置)
hanghunghung(悬挂)lieliedlied(说慌)
lielaylain(平卧)
findfoundfound(发现)fallfellfallen(跌倒)
foundfoundedfounded(建立)fellfelledfelled(砍伐、击倒)
failfailedfailed(失败)
[典例1]Thecarpetwherehe_____waswarmandcomfortable,sohesleptsoundly.
A.waslayingB.waslyingC.hadlaidD.了hadlied
解析B易混淆词辨析题。
动词lay表示“搁置、放”时,现在分词为laying,过去分词为laid;而lie作“躺”讲时,现在分词为lying,过去分词为lain,如其过去分词为lied,则含义为“撒谎”。
此处为“躺的地方”,故用waslying。
2.实为及物动词却常被误为不及物动词
enter(误为enterinto)marry(误为marrywith)
reach(误为reachto)mention(误为mentionabout)
serve(误为servefor)address(误为addressto)
approach(误为approachwith)salute(误为saluteto)
fit(误为fitfor)benefit(误为benefitto)
[典例2]She____Johntogetawayfromherstep-mother.
A.marriedB.marriedwithC.marriedtoD.wasmarried
解析A此句中的marry表示“嫁给”,为及物动词,可直接带宾语。
A
About1966orso,aNASA(美国宇航局)teamdoingworkfortheApollomoonmission(阿波罗登月计划)tooktheastronautsnearTubaCity.TherethelandoftheNavajoReservationlooksverymuchlikethelunarsurface.Amongallthetrucksandlargevehiclesweretwolargefiguresthatweredressedinfulllunarspacesuits.
Nearby,aNavajoshepherd(牧羊人)andhissonwerewatchingthestrangecreatureswalkabout,occasionallybeingwatchedoverbyotherNASAworkers.ThetwoNavajopeoplewerenoticedandapproachedbytheNASApeople.SincetheshepherdandhissondidnotknowEnglish,theyaskedtheNASApeoplewhothestrangecreatureswere.TheNASApeopletoldthemthattheywerejustmenthatweregettingreadytogotothemoon.Theshepherdbecameveryexcitedandaskedifhecouldsendamessagetothemoonwiththeastronauts.
TheNASAofficialsthoughtthiswasagreatideasotheyprovidedataperecorder.Afterthemangavethemhismessage,theyaskedhissontotranslate.Hissonwouldnot.
Later,theytriedafewmorepeopleontheNavajoReservationtotranslateandeverypersontheyaskedwouldchuckle(偷偷地笑)andthenrefusetotranslate.Finally,withcashinhandsomeonetranslatedthemessage,“Watchoutfortheseguys,theyhavecometotakeyourland!
”
56.TheappearanceoftheNavajoReservationisverysimilartothatof________.
A.theTubaCity
B.themoon
C.theNASAresearchcenter
D.theApollomoonmission
57.WhentheolderNavajoheardthatthemeninfrontofhimweregoingtothemoon,he________.
A.feltfrightenedandranawayquickly
B.chattedexcitedlywiththeNASAworkers
C.gotonthemoderntrucksandlargevehiclesforfun
D.triedtosaysomethingtothemooncreatures
58.Thesondidnottranslatethewordshisfathersaidbecause________.
A.hehadtroubleinunderstandinghisfather
B.thewordshisfatherusedweretoodifficulttobetranslated
C.hisfatherwassendingawarningagainsttheNASApeople
D.hebelievedthattheNASAworkerscouldunderstandtheirlanguage
59.Accordingtothispassage,wecanknowthattheshepherdwas________.
A.patientandbrave
B.foolishandimpolite
C.humorousandintelligent
D.knowledgeableandtalkative
参考答案56—59BDCC
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Norway-TenChinesecollegestudentsarrivedatthecountry’sArcticresearchbase,theYellowRiverStation,onFriday.
OnSaturday,thestudentsareexpectedtowitnesstheendoffourmonthsofdarknessinthearea,asthesunmakesarareappearance.
Duringtheirfour-daystayatthestation,thestudentswillmeetandlearnfromsomeofChina’sleadingpolarresearchers.Theywerewelcomedatthestationyesterdaybyitsdirector,HeJianfeng,whoisanexpertonmarinemicro-ecosystems(海洋微生态系统).
ThestudentswillalsovisittheGermanandNorwegianstationsandmeetresearchersthere.
Asforentertainment,thevisitorswillgetthechancetoplayicehockeyattheworld’smostnortherlystadium.
AmongthevisitorsisZhengLi,astudentmajoringintelecommunicationsatDalianMarinetimeUniversity.
“ItissoexcitingtoseehowtheChineseresearchersworkintheworld’smostnortherlylaboratory,”shesaid.
“Thisopportunityisprecious.Mostpeoplewillnevergetthechancetotravelsofarfromhomeandvisitsuchanamazingplace.It’saonce-in-a-lifetimet