高教版跨文化交际与地球村民部分练习参考答案.docx
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高教版跨文化交际与地球村民部分练习参考答案
高教版《跨文化交际与地球村民》部分练习参考答案
KeytoSomeoftheExercises
(foryourreferenceonly)
UNIT1GlobalizationandInterculturalCommunication
PartOneWarmUp
Question4
ThisisaCanadianhostfamily(Canadianhusbandontheleft,Russianwifeinthemiddleandtheirsonlefttothemother)hostingstudentsabroad.Fromlefttoright,thereareChinese,Malaysian,JapaneseandSingaporeanwhoareinternationalstudentsinCanada.Thispicturebestillustratestheconceptofglobalvillagewherepeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundsmeetandevenlivetogetherforwhateverreasons.
PartThreeExercises
SectionACultureQuiz
1.nationallevel2.globalstandard3.cheapproduction
4.financialcrises5.popularculture6.newopportunitiesandnewchallenges
SectionDCaseStudies
Case1FindinganInterestedBuyer
Explanations
A.Thiscouldbeanexplanationforwhathappened.However,notenoughinformationwasprovidedtosupportthischoice.Hadhetrulybeeninterestedandthenunexpectedlydetainedbyimportantbusinessmatters,itismostlikelythatMr.Liwouldhaveleftadditionalinstructionssuggestinganewtimetomeetoramethodofcontact.Thereisabetteralternative.
B.Thisisaninaccurategeneralization.Althoughtimeconceptsvaryacrossnationalborders,businesspeopleinChinaaregenerallyasdependableasthoseintheUnitedStateanddependabilityisconsideredavirtueinChinesesociety.IfMr.LibelievedthathehadsetafirmappointmentwithGeorge,hewouldhavebeenattheappointedplace,andhewouldhavebeenontime.
C.Thisisthebestanswer.Therearetwoimportantculturalaspectsatworkinthisinteraction.Thefirstistheissueofdirectness.InmanysituationswhereAmericanstendtopreferdirectness,theChineseareusuallymorecomfortablewithindirectnessandambiguity.Thesecondistheconceptof“face”.Havingfacemeansthatoneisingoodstandingwithothersvis-à-vis(面对)hisorherobligationtopeers,subordinates,andsuperiorsandismaintainingharmonyinsocietyasawhole.Itisimportanttopreserveone’sfaceand,asmuchaspossible,thefaceofothers.
AChinesepersonwouldhaverecognizedthatMr.LiwasclearlynotinterestedinGeorge’sproductsatall.Hehadindicatedhislackofinterestbysayingthathewasbusy.However,Georgefailedtopickupthesignal.Insteadofsaying“Iamnotinterested”directly,Mr.Lichoseamorepoliteway,accordingtoChineseculturalnorms,toconveythismessagetoGeorge.Mr.LididnotwanttotellGeorge“no”directlyandcauseGeorgetoloseface(becausehisproductswererejected).Byfailingtosetadefinitetimeforafollow-upmeetingandbyonlyhalf-agreeingtothespecificsthatGeorgewaspressingonhim,Mr.Liwassaying,innouncertainterms(直截了当地),thathewasnotinterestedinpursuingthematter.Georgedidn’thavetheculturalsensitivitytointerpretMr.Li’sresponsecorrectly.
D.Thisisnotagoodexplanation.Mr.Lididn’tshowanyinterestintheexchange.Georgewastheonewhoshowedalotofenthusiasm.
E.Thisisatruestatement.However,itdoesn’tapplytothesituationdescribedintheincident.Thiswasatradeshow,wherecompaniescouldestablishinitialcontactsandintroducenewproducts.Therefore,GeorgereallyhadnochancetodeveloparelationshipoftrustwithMr.Li,whowasobviouslynotimpressedbyGeorge’sinitialapproach.
Case2UnderstandingtheCulturalBackground
Explanation
TheinsurancesaleswomancouldarguethatthepeopleshedealswithareintheUnitedStatesandtherefore,shouldadapttoAmericanpractices;however,withthatattitudeshewouldnotreachhercustomers,whoarefromEastAsiancountries.Theresultwouldhavebeenasevererestrictionofherbusinesspractice.Instead,herabilitytocommunicateinaforeignlanguageandatthesametimeunderstandtheculturalbackgroundofherclientelemakeshersuccessful.
UNIT2CommunicationandCulture
PartThreeExercises
SectionACultureQuiz
1.WatchthevideoCollectivism-IndividualismThroughDancetolearnsomedifferencesbetweenme-cultureandwe-cultureandfillinthefollowingblanks,andthenexplainwhythestudentandtheteacherhavetheirdifferentopinionsonthesameanswerintheexam.
Me-culturemeansindividualisticculturewhichplaysindividualfirst.PeoplefromindividualisticculturesliketheUnitedStatesandWesternEuropearemorelikelytovalueuniquenessoverharmony,expressionoveragreement,andtodefinethemselvesasuniqueordifferentfromthegroup,
We-culturemeanscollectivistculturewhichplaysgroupfirst.Peoplefromcollectivistculturesaremorelikelytovaluesocialharmonyoverindividuality.Relativetopeopleinanindividualisticculture,theyaremorelikelytoendorsebehaviorsthatincreasegroupcohesionandinterdependence,
2.Thefollowingisacommunicationmodel.WouldyoupleasefillinthemissingelementsbasedonwhatyouhavelearnedinPassageOne,andthenretelltheprocessofcommunicationinyourownwords?
SectionDCaseStudies
Case1AmIaGoodTeacher?
Explanation
Theirdifferentunderstandingofterritoryandtheirdifferentculturescausedtheconflictinthiscase.InSarah’sopinion,herapartmentisherterritory.Thoughsheinvitesthestudentsintohersittingroom,itdoesn’tmeanthattheycangointoherstudyandreadherbook.Asfortheboy,heobviouslydoesn’tknowtheBritishwayofbeingaguest.InChina,ifyouareinvitedintoothers’house,itmeansyouarepermittedintoanyroomwithanopendoorwithoutaskingforpermission.Tosearchthroughthehouseisimpolite,buttoreadthebookonthedeskseemsacceptable.ButforSarah,thatisherprivatething.Anyonewhowouldliketotouchitshouldgetherpermission.
Thesignificanceandunderstandingofterritorydiffersfromoneculturetoanother.InChina,whenbeinginvitedtoahouse,guestsarepermittedintoroomswithanopendoorandcantouchthingsonthetableorsofa.Ifsomeroomisconsideredinappropriatetolettheguestsin,thehostmaycloseitorevenlockit.Thethingsthatthehostdoesn’twantthegueststotouchwillbeputawaybeforetheycome.Sothingsthatareunlockedusuallymeannosecrets.
AsforBritish,thehouseisone’sterritory,andwithoutpermission,noonecanenteranyroom,nomatterwhetherit’sopenornot.Likewise,withoutaskingforpermission,oneisnotexpectedtotouchother’spossessions,eventhoughtheyareplacedbyyourhand.Generallyspeaking,Westernershaveastrongersenseofclaimingterritoryandprotectingprivacy.
BecauseSarahandtheboyhavedifferentviewsaboutterritory,misunderstandingarises,whichevenleadsSarahtothinkofquittingthejob.Perhapsshebelievesthatthestudentsdon’trespectheranddon’tappreciateherteaching.Thefactisthattheboyjustdoessomethingheusuallydoesinhisfriend’shouse.Soifyouareinvitedtoaforeigner’shouse,youshould“doinRomeastheRomansdo”.
Case2FirstNameorLastName?
Explanation
Itisbecausetheyhavedifferentculturalbackgrounds.ThereisatendencyinAmericanbusinesscirclestopreferclose,friendly,egalitarian(平等的)relationshipsinbusinessengagements.Thissystemofsymmetricalsolidarity(一致)isoftenexpressedintheuseofgiven(or“first”)namesinbusinessencounters.Mr.RichardsonfeelsmostcomfortableinbeingcalledAndy,andhewouldliketocallMr.Chubyhisfirstname.Atthesametime,hewishestoshowconsiderationoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenthembyavoidingMr.Chu’swesternname,David.HissolutiontothisculturaldifferenceistoaddressMr.Chubythegivennameheseesonthebusinesscard,Hon-fai.
Mr.Chu,ontheotherhand,prefersaninitialbusinessrelationshipofsymmetricaldeference(尊敬).HewouldfeelmorecomfortableiftheycalledeachotherMr.ChuandMr.Richardson.Nevertheless,whenhewasawayatschoolinNorthAmericahelearnedthatAmericansfeeluncomfortablecallingpeopleMr.forextendedperiodoftime.Hissolutionwastoadaptawesternname.HechoseDavidforuseinsuchsituations.
WhenMr.RichardsoninsistsonusingMr.Chu’sChinesegivenname,Hon-fai,Mr.Chufeelsuncomfortable.Thenameisrarelyusedbyanyone,infact.WhatMr.RichardsondoesnotknowisthatChinesehavearathercomplexstructureofnameswhichdependsuponsituationsandrelationships,whichincludesschoolnames,intimateandfamilybabynames,andevenwesternnames,eachofwhichisusedjustbythepeoplewithwhomapersonhasacertainrelationship.Isolatingjustthegivenname,Hon-fai,isrelativelyunusualandtohearhimselfcalledthisbyastrangermakesMr.Chufeelquiteuncomfortable.Hisreaction,whichisalsoculturallyconditioned,istosmile.
Unfortunately,Mr.RichardsonisnotawarethatonemeansofexpressingacuteembarrassmentforMr.Chuistosmile.WhilewithinNorthAmericanculturethereisconsciousnessofwhatmightbecalled“nervouslaughter”,thereisageneralexpectationthatasmilecanbetakenasadirectexpressionofpleasureorsatisfaction.Mr.RichardsonmisinterpretsMr.Chu’sembarrassmentasagreementorevenpleasureattheirfirstencounter,andasaresult,hegoesawayfromtheencounterunawarenessoftheextenttowhichhehascomplicatedtheirinitialintroduction.
Wecanseefromtheabovecase,cultureplaysaveryimportantroleinthecommunicationbetweenthesetwomen.Thougheveryonehasauniquestyleofcommunication,culturedeterminesageneralstyleforitsmembers.Wearenotalwaysawareofthesubtleinfluencesofourculture.Likewise,wemaynotperceivethatothersareinfluencedbytheirculturesaswell.
Case3FriendsWereFriendsForever?
Explanation
Intheabovec