高教版跨文化交际与地球村民部分练习参考答案.docx

高教版跨文化交际与地球村民部分练习参考答案.docx

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高教版跨文化交际与地球村民部分练习参考答案

高教版《跨文化交际与地球村民》部分练习参考答案

KeytoSomeoftheExercises

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UNIT1GlobalizationandInterculturalCommunication

PartOneWarmUp

Question4

ThisisaCanadianhostfamily（Canadianhusbandontheleft,Russianwifeinthemiddleandtheirsonlefttothemother）hostingstudentsabroad.Fromlefttoright,thereareChinese,Malaysian,JapaneseandSingaporeanwhoareinternationalstudentsinCanada.Thispicturebestillustratestheconceptofglobalvillagewherepeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundsmeetandevenlivetogetherforwhateverreasons.

PartThreeExercises

SectionACultureQuiz

1.nationallevel2.globalstandard3.cheapproduction

4.financialcrises5.popularculture6.newopportunitiesandnewchallenges

SectionDCaseStudies

Case1FindinganInterestedBuyer

Explanations

A.Thiscouldbeanexplanationforwhathappened.However,notenoughinformationwasprovidedtosupportthischoice.Hadhetrulybeeninterestedandthenunexpectedlydetainedbyimportantbusinessmatters,itismostlikelythatMr.Liwouldhaveleftadditionalinstructionssuggestinganewtimetomeetoramethodofcontact.Thereisabetteralternative.

B.Thisisaninaccurategeneralization.Althoughtimeconceptsvaryacrossnationalborders,businesspeopleinChinaaregenerallyasdependableasthoseintheUnitedStateanddependabilityisconsideredavirtueinChinesesociety.IfMr.LibelievedthathehadsetafirmappointmentwithGeorge,hewouldhavebeenattheappointedplace,andhewouldhavebeenontime.

C.Thisisthebestanswer.Therearetwoimportantculturalaspectsatworkinthisinteraction.Thefirstistheissueofdirectness.InmanysituationswhereAmericanstendtopreferdirectness,theChineseareusuallymorecomfortablewithindirectnessandambiguity.Thesecondistheconceptof“face”.Havingfacemeansthatoneisingoodstandingwithothersvis-à-vis（面对）hisorherobligationtopeers,subordinates,andsuperiorsandismaintainingharmonyinsocietyasawhole.Itisimportanttopreserveone’sfaceand,asmuchaspossible,thefaceofothers.

AChinesepersonwouldhaverecognizedthatMr.LiwasclearlynotinterestedinGeorge’sproductsatall.Hehadindicatedhislackofinterestbysayingthathewasbusy.However,Georgefailedtopickupthesignal.Insteadofsaying“Iamnotinterested”directly,Mr.Lichoseamorepoliteway,accordingtoChineseculturalnorms,toconveythismessagetoGeorge.Mr.LididnotwanttotellGeorge“no”directlyandcauseGeorgetoloseface（becausehisproductswererejected）.Byfailingtosetadefinitetimeforafollow-upmeetingandbyonlyhalf-agreeingtothespecificsthatGeorgewaspressingonhim,Mr.Liwassaying,innouncertainterms（直截了当地）,thathewasnotinterestedinpursuingthematter.Georgedidn’thavetheculturalsensitivitytointerpretMr.Li’sresponsecorrectly.

D.Thisisnotagoodexplanation.Mr.Lididn’tshowanyinterestintheexchange.Georgewastheonewhoshowedalotofenthusiasm.

E.Thisisatruestatement.However,itdoesn’tapplytothesituationdescribedintheincident.Thiswasatradeshow,wherecompaniescouldestablishinitialcontactsandintroducenewproducts.Therefore,GeorgereallyhadnochancetodeveloparelationshipoftrustwithMr.Li,whowasobviouslynotimpressedbyGeorge’sinitialapproach.

Case2UnderstandingtheCulturalBackground

Explanation

TheinsurancesaleswomancouldarguethatthepeopleshedealswithareintheUnitedStatesandtherefore,shouldadapttoAmericanpractices;however,withthatattitudeshewouldnotreachhercustomers,whoarefromEastAsiancountries.Theresultwouldhavebeenasevererestrictionofherbusinesspractice.Instead,herabilitytocommunicateinaforeignlanguageandatthesametimeunderstandtheculturalbackgroundofherclientelemakeshersuccessful.

UNIT2CommunicationandCulture

PartThreeExercises

SectionACultureQuiz

1.WatchthevideoCollectivism-IndividualismThroughDancetolearnsomedifferencesbetweenme-cultureandwe-cultureandfillinthefollowingblanks,andthenexplainwhythestudentandtheteacherhavetheirdifferentopinionsonthesameanswerintheexam.

Me-culturemeansindividualisticculturewhichplaysindividualfirst.PeoplefromindividualisticculturesliketheUnitedStatesandWesternEuropearemorelikelytovalueuniquenessoverharmony,expressionoveragreement,andtodefinethemselvesasuniqueordifferentfromthegroup,

We-culturemeanscollectivistculturewhichplaysgroupfirst.Peoplefromcollectivistculturesaremorelikelytovaluesocialharmonyoverindividuality.Relativetopeopleinanindividualisticculture,theyaremorelikelytoendorsebehaviorsthatincreasegroupcohesionandinterdependence,

2.Thefollowingisacommunicationmodel.WouldyoupleasefillinthemissingelementsbasedonwhatyouhavelearnedinPassageOne,andthenretelltheprocessofcommunicationinyourownwords?

SectionDCaseStudies

Case1AmIaGoodTeacher?

Explanation

Theirdifferentunderstandingofterritoryandtheirdifferentculturescausedtheconflictinthiscase.InSarah’sopinion,herapartmentisherterritory.Thoughsheinvitesthestudentsintohersittingroom,itdoesn’tmeanthattheycangointoherstudyandreadherbook.Asfortheboy,heobviouslydoesn’tknowtheBritishwayofbeingaguest.InChina,ifyouareinvitedintoothers’house,itmeansyouarepermittedintoanyroomwithanopendoorwithoutaskingforpermission.Tosearchthroughthehouseisimpolite,buttoreadthebookonthedeskseemsacceptable.ButforSarah,thatisherprivatething.Anyonewhowouldliketotouchitshouldgetherpermission.

Thesignificanceandunderstandingofterritorydiffersfromoneculturetoanother.InChina,whenbeinginvitedtoahouse,guestsarepermittedintoroomswithanopendoorandcantouchthingsonthetableorsofa.Ifsomeroomisconsideredinappropriatetolettheguestsin,thehostmaycloseitorevenlockit.Thethingsthatthehostdoesn’twantthegueststotouchwillbeputawaybeforetheycome.Sothingsthatareunlockedusuallymeannosecrets.

AsforBritish,thehouseisone’sterritory,andwithoutpermission,noonecanenteranyroom,nomatterwhetherit’sopenornot.Likewise，withoutaskingforpermission,oneisnotexpectedtotouchother’spossessions,eventhoughtheyareplacedbyyourhand.Generallyspeaking,Westernershaveastrongersenseofclaimingterritoryandprotectingprivacy.

BecauseSarahandtheboyhavedifferentviewsaboutterritory,misunderstandingarises,whichevenleadsSarahtothinkofquittingthejob.Perhapsshebelievesthatthestudentsdon’trespectheranddon’tappreciateherteaching.Thefactisthattheboyjustdoessomethingheusuallydoesinhisfriend’shouse.Soifyouareinvitedtoaforeigner’shouse,youshould“doinRomeastheRomansdo”.

Case2FirstNameorLastName?

Explanation

Itisbecausetheyhavedifferentculturalbackgrounds.ThereisatendencyinAmericanbusinesscirclestopreferclose,friendly,egalitarian（平等的）relationshipsinbusinessengagements.Thissystemofsymmetricalsolidarity（一致）isoftenexpressedintheuseofgiven（or“first”）namesinbusinessencounters.Mr.RichardsonfeelsmostcomfortableinbeingcalledAndy,andhewouldliketocallMr.Chubyhisfirstname.Atthesametime,hewishestoshowconsiderationoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenthembyavoidingMr.Chu’swesternname,David.HissolutiontothisculturaldifferenceistoaddressMr.Chubythegivennameheseesonthebusinesscard,Hon-fai.

Mr.Chu,ontheotherhand,prefersaninitialbusinessrelationshipofsymmetricaldeference（尊敬）.HewouldfeelmorecomfortableiftheycalledeachotherMr.ChuandMr.Richardson.Nevertheless,whenhewasawayatschoolinNorthAmericahelearnedthatAmericansfeeluncomfortablecallingpeopleMr.forextendedperiodoftime.Hissolutionwastoadaptawesternname.HechoseDavidforuseinsuchsituations.

WhenMr.RichardsoninsistsonusingMr.Chu’sChinesegivenname,Hon-fai,Mr.Chufeelsuncomfortable.Thenameisrarelyusedbyanyone,infact.WhatMr.RichardsondoesnotknowisthatChinesehavearathercomplexstructureofnameswhichdependsuponsituationsandrelationships,whichincludesschoolnames,intimateandfamilybabynames,andevenwesternnames,eachofwhichisusedjustbythepeoplewithwhomapersonhasacertainrelationship.Isolatingjustthegivenname,Hon-fai,isrelativelyunusualandtohearhimselfcalledthisbyastrangermakesMr.Chufeelquiteuncomfortable.Hisreaction,whichisalsoculturallyconditioned,istosmile.

Unfortunately,Mr.RichardsonisnotawarethatonemeansofexpressingacuteembarrassmentforMr.Chuistosmile.WhilewithinNorthAmericanculturethereisconsciousnessofwhatmightbecalled“nervouslaughter”,thereisageneralexpectationthatasmilecanbetakenasadirectexpressionofpleasureorsatisfaction.Mr.RichardsonmisinterpretsMr.Chu’sembarrassmentasagreementorevenpleasureattheirfirstencounter,andasaresult,hegoesawayfromtheencounterunawarenessoftheextenttowhichhehascomplicatedtheirinitialintroduction.

Wecanseefromtheabovecase,cultureplaysaveryimportantroleinthecommunicationbetweenthesetwomen.Thougheveryonehasauniquestyleofcommunication,culturedeterminesageneralstyleforitsmembers.Wearenotalwaysawareofthesubtleinfluencesofourculture.Likewise,wemaynotperceivethatothersareinfluencedbytheirculturesaswell.

Case3FriendsWereFriendsForever?

Explanation

Intheabovec