六级真题 12.docx

六级真题 12.docx

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六级真题12

2008年12月20日大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowtoImproveStudents’MentalHealth.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.大学生的心理健康十分重要

2.因此，学校可以……

3.我们自己应当……

HowtoImproveStudents’MentalHealth

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PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

SupersizeSurprise

Askanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit’salldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit.Yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate（促成）suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”—reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood—arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.

Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.

1.Notenoughsleep

Itiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?

Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses’HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanthosewhoslept7.

It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:

sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.

Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.

2. Climatecontrol

Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic（新陈代新的）rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.

Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures（环境温度）havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13℃to18℃.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates—whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto70%from37%in1978.

Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?

Sadly,thereissomeevidencethatitdoes—atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy. 

3.Lesssmoking

 Badnews:

smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneissurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotine（尼古丁）isanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.

KatherineFlegalandcolleaguesattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenresponsibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaround1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.

4.Geneticeffects

 Yourchancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.Childrenofobesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grand-childrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally—soyourfatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.

5.Alittleolder…

Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.SurveyscarriedoutbytheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.Non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectrum:

Mexican-Americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobese,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.

IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.Between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.TheproportionofHispanic-Americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.Thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.

6.Maturemums

Mothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.IntheUK,themeanageforhavingafirstchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.MeanageatfirstbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitweren’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.

MichaelSymondsattheUniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bornchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbornsaccountforagreatershareofthepopulation.In1964,Britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.IntheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomenintheir40shadhadonlyonechild;in2004itwas17.4%.Thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.

7.Likemarryinglike

Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers—particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren—itamplifiestheincreasefromothercauses.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

[A]Effectsofobesityonpeople’shealth.

  [B]Thelinkbetweenlifestyleandobesity.

[C]Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemic.

[D]Possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic.

2.IntheUSNurses’HealthStudy,womenwhosleptanaverageof7hoursanight______.

[A]gainedtheleastweight[B]wereinclinedtoeatless

  [C]foundtheirvigorenhanced[D]werelesssusceptibletoillness

3.Thepopularbeliefaboutobesityisthat______.

[A]itmakesussleepy [B]itcausessleeploss

  [C]itincreasesourappetite[D]itresultsfromlackofsleep

4.Howdoesindoorheatingaffectourlife?

[A]Itmakesusstayindoorsmore.[B]Itacceleratesourmetabolicrate.

  [C]Itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic.[D]Itcontributestoourweightgain.

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheeffectofnicotineonsmokers?

[A]Itthreatenstheirhealth.  [B]Itheightenstheirspirits.

  [C]Itsuppressestheirappetite.  [D]Itslowsdowntheirmetabolism.

6.WhoaremostlikelytobeoverweightaccordingtoKatherineFlegal’sstudy?

[A]Heavysmokers.  [B]Passivesmokers.

  [C]Thosewhoneversmoke.  [D]Thosewhoquitsmoking.

7.AccordingtotheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,theincreasedobesityintheUSisaresultof______.

[A]thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeople

  [B]therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation

  [C]theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoods

  [D]theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople

8.AccordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers’childrentendtobeobeseremains________________________.

9.Acco