美国快餐饮食文化和词汇大全.docx

美国快餐饮食文化和词汇大全.docx

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美国快餐饮食文化和词汇大全

美国快餐饮食文化和词汇大全

生活在美国

（一）无所不在地快餐点

随着美国人生活节奏地加快,快餐食品便应运而生．其快餐连锁店遍及世界各地,其中影响最大地当属麦当劳快餐连锁店．供应地快餐食品有：

汉堡包.烤牛肉.牛排.火腿.三明治.肯德鸡.油炸土豆片.烘馅饼.冰淇淋以及各种碳酸饮料等．

　　FastFood快餐食品

　　Fast-foodchains,American-style,arecurrentlyontheincreaseallovertheworld．Mostoftheseplacesworkonasimilarprinciple．Thereisalongcounter,abovewhichisdisplayedalist（oftenwithpictures）oftheitemsavailable,andbehindwhichseveralpeople（oftenstudentsworkingfortheminimumwage）areserving．Individualqueuesforminfrontofeachassistant．Youreceivewhatyouordermoreorlessimmediatelyandtakeitonatraytoatable,pickingupthinglikestraws（吸管）,pepper,salt,ketchup（蕃茄酱）,pickles（泡菜）andnapkins（usuallypapernapkins）ontheway．Ifyoucan’tseeanyknivesandforks,thismeansyouaresupposedtoeatwithyourhands．Ifyoucan’tseeanystraws,that’sbecausetheyarehidinginthestrawdispenser（分配器）thatyouhavetofiddle（拨弄）withthebottomofittogetastraw（oneatatime）toemerge．Whenyou’vefinished,youyourselfthrowawayeverythingexceptthetray．

　　Manyfast-foodplaceshavedrive-infacilities．Youplaceyourorderfromyourcarvia（通过）amicrophoneandthendriveroundtoaspecialwindowtopayandpickitup．Youmayevenencounterplaceswhereawaitressbringyourmealout,andyousitandeatitinthecarfromatrayhookedoverthedoorthroughtheopenwindow．

Youmaybeaskedifyourorderis“forhere”or“togo”（i．e．totakeaway）．Insomestatesthereisnosalestaxonfoodconsumed．

　　TypesofFastFoodRestaurants快餐店地种类

　　Themostwidespreadtypeoffast-foodrestaurantisthatservinghamburgers,suchasthechainsofMacDonald．Allthedifferentchainshavetheirownspecialties．Arby’srestaurantsservelargeroastbeef,hamandcheese,andturkey（火鸡）“sandwiches”．Somerestaurantchainsspecializeinservingsteaksquicklyandcheaply．Andthenthere’sKentuckyFriedChicken．

　　Chips油炸土豆片

　　ChipsinAmericaarecalled“Frenchfries”or“fries”forshort．（NotethatintheUSA“chips”meancrisps）．“Frenchfries”arenormallythinnerthanchips．Americansgenerallyputketchupontheirchips,andyouwillnotnormallyfindvinegar（醋）．

　　Pizzas（意大利式）烘焰饼

　　TherearemanyspecialtypizzarestaurantsinAmerica,andmanyofthemtaketelephoneordersanddeliverpizzastoyourhome,whichcanoftenbeconvenient．Theycomeindifferentsizes,andalargeonecanbebigenoughforapartyoffourpeople．Ifyouwanttoshareapizzabutcan’tagreeontheingredients,itispossibletoordertwodifferentsetsoftoppings,onesetoneachhalf．

　　Ice-Cream冰淇淋

　　Shopssellinglargenumberofdifferentflavorsofice-creamareverycommoninAmerica．Ifyouarenotsurewhatflavoryouwant,generallyyoucansampleasmallspoonfulofaparticularflavortoseeifyoulikeit．Youcaneitherhaveyourice-creamina“plaincone”（普通型锥形物）orina“sugarcone”（甜脆型锥形物）．

　　SoftDrinks软饮料

Fast-foodrestaurantsdonotservealcohol．ThesoftdrinksmostoftensoldareCoca-ColaandPepsi——Cola,plusfizzydrinks（whicharelikelemonade）androotbeer（whichislikecoughmedicine）．Fizzydrinksareknownas“carbonatedbeverages”（碳酸饮料）or,morecolloquially,“soda”,“pop”,“sodapop”,and“softdrinks”．

Allthesedrinkscomewithlostofice．Infact,youwillprobablyfindasmuchiceasdrinkinyourdrink．Ifyouaskforasoftdrinkwithoutice,theywillthinkyouarefunnybutwillprobablyoblige．（Theymaychargeyouabitextra,foriceischeaperthanCoke．）

生活在美国

（二）美国人地用餐习惯

美国人吃饭用刀叉,而且他们地用餐方式是很有讲究地.因此,在应邀与美国朋友一起吃饭时,应特别注意他们地用餐习惯.一般情况下,餐桌上摆放有一幅餐刀和两幅餐叉,外边地餐叉供你吃色拉,里边地餐叉用于吃主食和其它点心食品,餐刀用来切肉食.如果你两手并用,应左手握叉,右手握刀,而且一次握刀时间不能太长.美国人地早餐有：

炒或煮鸡蛋.香肠.油炸土豆片.薄煎饼.果子冻.烤面包.松饼.桔子汁以及咖啡等.

　　EatingCustomandPractice用餐习惯

　　Americaneatingisfunny.Theyeatalmosteverythingwithafork,anditappearsthatholdingaknifeinone'srighthandlongerthanafewsecondsisconsideredtobeagainstgoodtablemanners.

　　Thesystemisthatifitisabsolutelynecessarytouseaknife,peopletaketheforkintheirlefthand,andcutoffapieceofmeatorwhateveritisinthenormalmanner.Thentheyputtheknifedown,transfertheforktotheirrighthand,andonlythendotheytransportthefoodtotheirmouth.Thisisclearlyludicrous（滑稽可笑）,butitisconsideredgoodmanners.

　　Thereareseveralresultsofthissystem.First,ifitisnotabsolutelynecessarytouseaknife,Americansdon'tuseone,becauseobviouslythisgreatlycomplicates（使复杂化）things,andyouwillthereforeseethemtryingtocutthingslikepotatoes,fishandevenbacon（熏猪肉）withafork.Second,towardstheendofacourse,sinceonlyoneimplement（器具）isbeingused,foodhastobechasedaroundtheplatewiththefork—andforthelastmouthfulthethumbhastobeusedtokeepthefoodinplace,althoughoneisnotsupposedtodothis.

　　Third,tablesaregenerallylaidwithoneknifeandtwoforks,theoutsideforkbeingforthesalad.ThereisnoneedforforeignvisitorstofollowtheAmericansystemandtrytoeatthesaladwithonlyafork,butifyoudouseyourknife,remembertosaveitforthemeatcourse.Evendesserts（甜食）（excepticecream）areeatenwithaforkifatallpossible,andthespoonyouseebyyourdessertismeanttobeforcoffee（butifyouuseitforyourdessertnoonewillsayanything）.

　　SomeBreakfastDishes早餐食谱

　　Breakfastinarestaurantisaveryenjoyableexperience.Ifyouordereggsinarestaurant,thewaiter/waitresswillaskyouhowyouwantthem.Youcanreplythatyouwantthem"scrambled（炒）"or"boiled".Itisnotsufficient,however,toaskforthem"fried";youwillhavetospecifywhetheryouwouldpreferthem"sunny-side-up"（煎一面）,"over"（两面煎）,"over-easy/easy-over"（两面煎,但蛋黄仍然呈流体状）.Americansausage（香肠）comesinslicesandisquitespicy.Butyoucanalsohavelinksausage.　　Americanbaconcomesinsmallstrips,canberatherfat,andisservedcrispy.Itisusuallyverytasty,andyoucaneatitwithyourfingers.　"Hashbrows"（油炸土豆片）areshredded（切成碎片地）andfriedpotatoes.Theyarewonderful,especiallywithfriedeggsandketchup（蕃茄酱）.

　　"Pancakes",sometimescalled"hotcakes",aremadewithbakingpower.Theyarenormallyservedinapile,andyouaresupposedtoputbutterandsyrup（果浆）onthem.

"Jelly"（果子冻）isjamandincludesgrapejelly,whichisverytasty.

Toastisoftenservedalreadybuttered.

　　"Englishmuffins（松饼）"arelikesmallcrumpets（烤饼）withouttheholesandareservedtoasted.Youputjamonthem.

　　A"biscuit"（软饼）isasmall,scone-likebreadroll,oftenservedhot.

　　Orangejuiceandcoffeeareoftenservedwithbreakfast.

生活在美国（三）美国人地主食

美国人吃午餐和吃晚餐之前通常要喝点鸡尾酒,但在加利福尼亚州,人们大都喝葡萄酒.吃主食之前,一般都要吃一盘色拉.炸磨茹和炸洋葱圈可作为开胃食品,牛排.猪排和鸡（腿）为主食,龙虾.贝壳类动物以及各种鱼类甚至包括淡水鱼被统称为海鲜.炸土豆条是深受人们喜爱而且几乎成了必不可少地食物.另外应特别注意地一点,如有吃剩地食物,一定要打包带回家,以免浪费.

　　Cocktail鸡尾酒

　　ItisquiteusualtodrinkcocktailsbeforelunchanddinnerinAmericaandsomewhatlessusual,exceptinCalifornia,todrinkwinewithameal.Youcaneitherhaveacocktailinthebar,ifthereisone,whileyouwaitforatableorforfriends,oryoucanhaveoneservedbeforeyourdinnercomes.Atsomerestaurantsthewaiter/waitresswillcometoyourtableassoonasyousitdowntoaskifyouwantacocktail,andyoucanthendrinkthiswhiledecidingwhattoordertoeat.Atothers,theremaybeaseparatecocktailwaiterorwaitress.Inthiscase,youdonotnormallyorderwinefromhimorherbutfromthenormalwaiter-orthewinewaiteristhereisone.

　　DonothesitatetoorderCalifornianwines.Theycanbeexcellentandinmanypartsofthecountryarecheap.

　　Salad　色拉

　　Itisusualtohaveasaladwithyourmeal,andaseparateplateisprovidedforthispurpose.ThenormalpracticeinAmericaistoeatthesaladbeforethemaincourse.AwonderfulAmericaninventionisthesaladbar.Inrestaurantsthathavethesesaladbarsthewaiterdoesnotbringyoursalad.Yougotothesaladbarandhelpyourself,usuallytoasmuchasyouwant.Thisisnormallydoneafteryouhaveorderedyourmeal;youeatthesaladwhilethemaincourseisbeingcooked.

　　ChoosingfromtheMenu　选菜

　　Americanmenuscanlookratherconfusingatfirstsight,fortheymayusesometermswhichareunfamiliartomostvisitors.Herearesomepointswhichmaybeuseful.

　　Friedmushrooms,friedonionrings（洋葱圈）andfriedzucchini（小胡瓜）aresometimesservedasstarters（第一道菜）.

　　Potatoesmostoftencome"French-fried"orbaked.Ifyouorderabakedpotato,thewaiterwillaskyouwhatyouwantonit.Thechoiceisbutterand/orsourcreamandsometimeschives（细香葱）.

　　Veryoftenvegetablesdonotcomeautomaticallywiththemeal,andyouhavetopayextraforthem.

　　"Scrod"（小鳕鱼）,"redsnapper"（啮龟）and"mahihahi"areallnameoffish."Seafood”meanslobster（龙虾）,shellfishandfish,including,funnilyenough,freshwaterfish!

Prawns（对虾）areknownas"shrimp".

　　Americanbeefisusuallygoodandoftenwonderful.

　　Americansaltandpepper（糊椒粉）potsareconfusinguntilyourealizethatthesaltpotmaylooklikeapepperpotexceptthatthesaltpot'sholesarebigger.Pepperisnormallyblackratherthanwhite.Americanmustard（芥末）ismildandnormallyeatenwithhotdogsorhamburgersratherthanmeat.

　　Andthatstuffinadishthatlooksicecreamisactuallywhipped（搅拌过地）butter.

　　Leftovers　吃剩地食物

　　YouhaveprobablyheardthatinAmericanrestaurants,ifyoucan'tfinishyourmeal,youcanputtheremainsina"doggybag"andtakethemhome.Thisisquitetrue.Ifyouleavesomemeat,inparticular,yourwaitermayaskyouifyou'dlikehimtoputitinto"alittlebag",oryoucanaskhimtodothis.

生活在美国（四）美国用餐常识

中国菜着重色.香.味,西餐讲究实惠.初到美国餐馆用餐,应该注意如下事项：

1）选择合适地餐馆（如：

家庭式餐馆.特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等）；

2）餐馆营业时间（上午11：

30开门营业,直到夜晚）；

3）一般都应事先预订餐位：

4）到达餐馆后,不能径直地到餐桌旁入桌,除非餐厅有“随意