宁波大学研究生第一学期英语期末考试答案.docx

宁波大学研究生第一学期英语期末考试答案.docx

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宁波大学研究生第一学期英语期末考试答案

Part1：

Vocabulary2008/2009；2009/2010

SectionA

Duetothedestructionofrefiningcapabilitiesbyhurricanes,andanexpectedlylargedeclineincommercialoilreservesinrecentdays,theNewYorkmarket,forthefirsttime,closedonapriceabove80U.S.dollarsperbarrelonSept.13;andhitanewrecordinthehistoryofnominalprices.Asamatteroffact,oilpriceshavebeenrisingsince2002atapaceandwithalastingtimerarelyseenin"peace"time.So,whatexactlyisbehindthisroundofpricehikes?

Firstly,anincreasinglyshortsupplyofoilintheworldisthefundamentalcause.AccordingtostatisticsfromtheBritishfirmBP,theworldhasbeendemandingmoreoilthancanbeproducedsince1981;andthecaseisstillthesametoday.Currently,oilproductioninmostcountrieshasalreadyorwillsoongodown-leavinglessofasurplustouse-butatthesametime,demandkeepsincreasing.ThesupplyremainstightandpriceskeepsoaringdespiteOPEC'sdecisiontoincreasecrudeoilproductionby500,000barrelsperdayasofNov.1.Withlittlepriceelasticityfrombothdemandandsupply,anytrivialeventwillsendpricesskyrocketing.

Secondly,short-termspeculationsonoilfuturesbylargeamountsoffundingalsodrivepricesup.ACitireportinMay2006mentionedthatU.S.commoditymarketsholdanaveragespeculationvolumeofover120billionUSdollarseachmonth,chieflycomingfromnaturalgas（30.3billiondollars）andcrudeoil（30.1billiondollars）.Thenumerousspeculationdealshaveamassiveimpactonoilfuturespricesconsideringtheleverageeffectoffuturesmargindeals.Withexcessiveliquidityworldwide,fundsbehindoilfuturesspeculationswillremainthesame.

Thirdly,theU.S.government'spursuitofaweakdollarpolicyinrecentyearshasalsocontributed,toacertaindegree,tothehikeinoilprices.AlmostalloildealsworldwidearepricedinUSdollars;andthedollar'sdevaluationputsonthepressureforhigheroilprices.Tomaintainanincomeandpurchasingpower,raisingpriceshasbecomeamajorstrategyofOPECmembers.Accordingtostudies,whenthedollardevaluesby1percent,itcausesanoilpricehikeofthesamedegree.Inaddition,technical,meteorologicalandpoliticalelementsalsoaffectprices.

Itshouldbenotedthatalthoughnominaloilpriceshitonepeakafteranother,actualpricesstillremainedbelowhistoricalrecords;andhavearelativelylimitedimpactontheworldeconomy.Itappearsthatthepresentworldeconomicaggregateismuchbiggerthanthatduringtheoilcrisisinthe1970s;butnowcountriesaremuchstrongerintheirabilitytomacro-regulate.Developedcountries,inparticular,useenergieslesscrazily.Therefore,highoilpricesnowhaveamuchsmallerimpactontheworldeconomythaninthepast.

注：

红色字体为2008/2009学年第1学期期末试卷的blank；绿色字体为2009/2010学年的blank；蓝色字体为重复blank。

原文链接：

2008/2009

Part

SectionB

TheeasiestamongtherichIslamicsocietiestostudyisSaudiArabia.OnesinglestatisticismosttellingindetailingthefailureofSaudisocietytogrow-despitebeingthelargestproducerofcrudeoilintheworld,SaudiArabiaactuallyimportsmostofitsfuel,egdieselandrefinedproductssuchaslubricants.

Thefailureofindustryisinessenceafailureofcapitalism.Inmostcountrieswherewealthisconcentratedinthehandsofafew-suchasthe"robberbarons"periodofUShistoryintheearly20thcenturyortoday'sRussia-afunctioningfinancialsystemhelpedtointermediaterisks.

ThisisnotpossibleinstrictIslamicsocietiesasthereligionbansusury,thusdisallowingtheflowofcapitaltothepeopleneedingitthemost,ie,youngentrepreneurs.Facedwithuneconomicreturnsathome,mostMiddleEasternrulersdeposittheirmoneyathigherrateswithEuropeanbanks.

AsecondfailureinSaudisocietyistheabsenceofappropriateeducationforrestlessyouth.Religiouseducation,ratherthangroundinginmodernsciences,remainsthenorm.Thuswhiletheproductionofmuezzinsisguaranteed,hiringapetroleumengineercanbetricky.Inturn,thiscausesanexcessiverelianceon"infidel"immigrants,whichinturncreatesamulti-tiersociety,focusingmuchoftheangeroflocalsonthewrongtargets-thepeoplewhotaketheirjobs,ratherthantheonesingovernmentandreligiousschoolswhoactuallycausedthesituationtoemerge.

Religiouseducationalsoproducesfamouslyinsularpeople.AUSmagazine'spollofArabyouthfoundthatveryfewhadheardoftheApollomoonlandings,andindeedallofthemdismissedsuchfeatsasUSpropaganda.Thenotionthathumanbeingscouldlandonthemoonwouldappearfar-fetchedtoanyonewhoholdsthesatelliteasacelestialobjectratherthananastronomicaloddity.

TheruleofironywithwhichIstartedthisarticleholdstruehere-intheDarkAgesforEurope,itwasIslamicsocietiesthatledtheworldintheadoptionandspreadofscienceandtechnology.Whiletheycannotclaimtohaveinventedmuch,ascreditgoestotheChineseandIndiancivilizations,theycertainlyusedinventionstotheiradvantagewellbeforetheEuropeanscaughton.

原文链接

Part

:

ReadingComprehension

PassageOne

MostpeoplethinkoflionsasstrictlyAfricanbeasts，butonlybecausethey’vebeenkilledoffalmosteverywhereelse.Tenthousandyearsagolionsspannedvastsectionsoftheglobe.Nowlionsholdonlyasmallfractionoftheirformerhabitat，andAsiaticlions，asubspeciesthatspitfromAfricanlionsperhaps100000yearsago，hangontoanalmostimpossiblysmallsliceoftheirformerterritory.

Indiaistheproudstewardofthese300orsolions，whichliveprimarilyina560-square-milesanctuary（保护区）.IttookmeayearandahalftogetapermittoexploretheentireGirForest—andnotimeatalltoseewhytheselionsbecamesymbolsofroyaltyandgreatness.Atigerwillhideintheforestunseen，butalionstandsitsground，curiousandunafraid—lionhearted.ThoughtheytoldmeinsubtlewayswhenIgottooclose，Gir’slionsallowedmeuniqueglimpsesintotheirlivesduringmythreemonthsintheforest.It’soddtothinkthattheyarethreatenedbyextinction；Girhasasmanylionsasitcanhold—toomany，infact.Withterritoryinshortsupply，lionsmoveaboutneartheboundaryoftheforestandevenleaveitaltogether，oftenclashingwithpeople.That’sonereasonIndiaiscreatingasecondsanctuary.Thereareotherpressingreasons：

outbreaksofdiseaseornaturaldisasters.In1994aseriousdiseasekilledmorethanathirdofAfrica’sSerengetilions—athousandanimals—afatethatcouldeasilyhappentoGir’scats.Theselionsareespeciallyvulnerabletodiseasebecausetheydescendfromasfewasadozenindividuals.“IfyoudoaDNAtest，Asiaticlionsactuallylooklikeidenticaltwins.”saysStephenO’Brien，ageneticist（基因学家）whohasstudiedthem.Yetthedangersarehidden，andyouwouldn’tsuspectthembywatchingtheselordsoftheforest.Thelionsdisplayvitality，andnosmallmeasureofcharm.

Thoughthegentleintimacyofplayvanisheswhenit’stimetoeat，mealsinGirarenotnecessarilyfranticaffairs.Foramotherandherbabylionsharingadeer，orayoungmaleeatinganantelope（羚羊），there’snoneedtofightforacutofthekill.TheanimalstheyhuntforfoodaregenerallysmallerinGirthanthoseinAfrica，andhuntinggroupstendtobesmalleraswell.

1.Inthefirstparagraph，theauthortellsusthatAsiaticlions.

A.havekilledoffotherlions

B.havedescendedfromAfricanlions

C.usedtospanvastsectionsoftheglobe

D.havelosttheirhabitat

2.WhatimpressedtheauthormostwhenhewenttowatchthelionsintheGirForest？

A.Theirfriendliness.B.Theirsize.

C.Theirintimacy.D.Theirvitality.

3.Whatdoesthesentence“...mealsinGirarenotnecessarilyfranticaffair”mean？

A.Thelionsdonotshowintimacyamongthemanymore.

B.Thelionsmaynotdeedtofightforfood.

C.Foodisnotreadilyavailableinthatregion.

D.Mealscanbeobtainedonlywithgreateffort.

4.ThelionsintheGirForestareespeciallyvulnerabletodiseasebecause.

A.theyhavedescendedfromadozenorsoancestors

B.theyaresmallerthantheAfricanlions

C.theydonothaveenoughtoeat

D.theyarephysicallyweakerthantheAfricanlions

5.OneofthereasonswhyIndiaiscreatingasecondarysanctuaryfortheAsiaticlionsisthat

A.thepresentsanctuaryisnotlargeenough

B.scientistswanttodomoreresearchonthem

C.theyhavekilledmanypeople

D.theforestisshrinkinginsize

大多数人认为狮子绝对是非洲猛兽，但这仅仅因为其他地方的狮子几乎都被杀光了。

一万年以前，狮子广泛分布于全世界每一个地方。

现在，狮子占据着和以前它们居住的地盘相比很小的一部分，亚洲狮是十万年以前从非洲狮中分离出来的一个品种，坚守在一块不可能再小的土地上。

印度以成为大约300只这样的狮子的管理地为荣，这些狮子主要生活在一块约560平方英里的保护区里。

我花了一年半的时间得到去探索整个格森林的许可，根本没有时间去研究为什么这些狮子成为高贵和伟大的象征。

老虎可能会隐藏在森林深处让人看不到，但狮子坚守着它的领地，好奇、无惧、威武勇猛。

尽管当我太亲近它们的时候，它们就会以一种微妙的方式告诉我，但是，在我待在森林的三个月里，它们允许我瞥了一眼它们的生活。

认为它们正处于种族灭绝的危险中的想法是奇怪的；格森林有多少狮子，它就能容纳多少狮子——事实上，有太多的狮子。

由于生存领地紧缺，狮子便经常出没在森林边缘地区，甚至集体离开森林，经常与人类发生冲突。

这就是为什么印度打算创建第二个保护区。

还有一些其他紧迫的原因：

疾病的爆发以及自然灾害。

1994年，一场疾病导致了超过1/3的非洲赛温葛蒂狮子的死亡——1000只，这种命运极可能发生在格森林的猫科动物身上。

这些狮子尤其容易患病，因为它们是少有的十来只狮子遗传下来的个体。

“如果给狮子做个DNA测试，你就会发现，亚洲狮看起来就像双胞胎”。

史蒂芬奥布瑞恩说，他是一名研究狮子的基因学家。

不过，危险是隐藏的，你不可能通过观察它们在森林中的统治地位而猜测它们。

狮子展示了活力，也展示了非常的魅力。

尽管玩耍中所表现出的温顺的亲近行为在进食时消失了，但是，格森林中的进食肯定不是疯狂的行为。

对于一只母狮子和她的孩子分享一只鹿，或是与一只年轻的雄狮分享一只羚羊，它们没有必要为了分食猎物而争斗。

格森林中狮子当做食物而捕食的动物一般比非洲狮子捕食的动物小，狩猎的群体也更小。

1.【正确答案】B

【考点类型】细节判断

【解析过程】在文章第1段，作者告诉我们亚洲狮子。

A.已经杀死了其他的狮子B.来自于非洲狮子

C.过去横跨了大半个地球D.已经丢掉了他们的栖息地

线索：

文章的第1段提到“asubspeciesthatspitfromAfricanlionsperhaps100000yearsago”，表明选项B是正确答案。

选项C和原文的内容“Tenthousandyearsagolionsspannedvastsectionsoftheglobe”不符合，原文说的是狮子不是亚洲狮子。

选项D和原文第1段的内容不符合“Nowlionsholdonlyasmallfraction