托福听力讲义非常详细.docx
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托福听力讲义非常详细
新托福强化听力讲义
新托福考试听力部分介绍
1.新托福和旧托福的对比
考试
形式
预读题目
笔记
题型
PBT旧托福
Paper
Yes
No
1/4multiplechoice
IBT新托福
Internet
No
Yes
Newtypes
2.题量,时间,分数
文章类型
题量
题目数
时间
CONVERSATION
2-3
5/conversation
2-3min/conversation
LECTURE
4-6
6/lecture
4-6min/lecture
TOTAL
6-9(加试)
34
60-90min
SCALESCORE:
30见OG185评分标准
3.题目的考查形式
Ø考场环境:
独立电脑,耳机,铅笔,草稿本
Ø电脑环境:
图片,视频,声音,板书
Ø新题型:
双选题,重听题,表格配对题
Ø答题时间:
总时间限制,每题分配时间不限
Ø答题流程:
永不悔改
4.文章材料的考查形式
Ø文章结构:
删除了旧托福的PARTA部分,更加注重于对于能力的考查
Ø文章长度:
比旧托福长
Ø文章语速:
无所谓快慢,比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活
Ø文章类型:
对话,独白,讨论
ØCONVERSATION文章思路
ØLECTURE文章思路
5.新托福考试题型概述
题号
问题
题型
1
Whydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessor?
Gistquestion
2
Accordingtotheprofessor,whatinformationshouldthestudentincludeinherstatementofpurpose?
DetailQuestion
3
Whatdoestheprofessorconsiderunusualaboutthestudent’sbackground?
DetailQuestion
4
Whydoestheprofessortellastoryabouthisfriendwhowentotmedicalschool?
DetailQuestion
5
Whatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutthepeoplewhoadmitstudentstograduateschool?
Inferencequestion
6
Whatarethestudentsmainlydiscussing?
Gistquestion
7
Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:
Whydoesthewomansaythis?
Purposequestion
8
Accordingtotheconversation,whyaretransposessometimescalled“jumpinggenes”?
DetailQuestion
9
Accordingtotheconversation,whataretwowaysinwhichbacteriacellsgetresistancegenes?
DetailQuestion
10
Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresistancegenesdiscussedintheconversation?
Inferencequestion
11
Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?
Gistquestion
12
Whatistheprofessor’spointofviewconcerningthemethodof“safeyield”?
DetailQuestion
13
Accordingtotheprofessor,whataretwoproblemsassociatedwithremovingwterfromanundergroundsystem?
DetailQuestion
14
Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:
Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?
Purposequestion
15
Whatisakeyfeatureofasustainablewatersystem?
DetailQuestion
16
Whatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutwatersystemsmanagedbythe“safeyield”method?
Inferencequestion
17
WhydoestheprofessortalkaboutPlato’sdescriptionofsociety?
Gistquestion
18
Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:
Whydoestheprofessorimplyaboutplato’sethicaltheory?
Attitudequestion
19
Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:
Whydoestheprofessoraskthis?
Purposequestion
20
WhataretwopointsthatreflectPlato’sviewsabouteducation?
DetailQuestion
21
Basedoninformationinthelecture,indicatewhetherthestatementsbelowabouthumanemotionreflectbeliefsheldbyPlato,
Organizationquestion
22
AccordingtoPlato,whatisthemaincharacteristicofagoodorjustperson?
DetailQuestion
23
Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?
Gistquestion
24
Accordingtotheprofessor,whydidonescientistgrowaryeplantinwater?
DetailQuestion
25
Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:
Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?
Purposequestion
26
Theprofessormentionshouseplantsthatreceivetoomuchwater.Whydoesshementionthem?
DetailQuestion
27
Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:
Whydoestheprofessorintendtoexplain?
Purposequestion
28
Accordingtotheprofessor,whatsimilarityistherebetweencrabgrassandryeplants?
DetailQuestion
29
Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?
Gistquestion
30
Whydoestheprofessortalkaboutaconstructioncompanythathasworkindifferentcities?
DetailQuestion
31
Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:
Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?
Purposequestion
32
Whatisanexampleofaviolationofthe“unityofcommand”principle?
DetailQuestion
33
Accordingtotheprofessor,wheremighttherebeaconflictinanorganizationalstructurebasedonbothprojectsandfunction?
DetailQuestion
34
Indicatewhethereachsentencebelowdescribesfunctionalorganizationorprojectorganization.Placeacheckmarkinthecorrectbox.
Organizationquestion
ØGistquestion:
6
ØDetailquestion:
16
ØPurposequestion:
6
ØAttitudequestion:
1
ØOrganizationquestion:
2
ØInferencequestion:
3
6.界面展示
7.
IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分
图片
资料名称
特点
推荐使用方法
TheOfficialStudyGuide
●题目数量不多
●难度较简单
●题型全面,和考试相同,质量高
●精听精做
●题目分类研究
●文章精读研究
●不建议模考
ETSTOEFLPRACTICEONLINE
●一共14套,其中新东方引进4套,还有2套是OG题目,其他全部为全真试题
●难度和考试相当,已经有较全的版本出现
●题型全面,场景全面
●精听精做
●建议最后冲刺模考
DELTA新托福考试备考策略与模拟试题
●题目数量大,后面有四套模拟试题
●前面的训练题目文章较短,不是托福模拟
●听力材料要比考试稍难些,速度也稍快些
●题型和考试相差很多,不建议细钻
●精听精做
●建议考前强化训练
●对语速跟读模仿
DELTA新托福考试模拟试题
●题目数量大,有六套模拟试题
●具体特点同蓝皮delta
●建议考前模拟
●对语速跟读模仿
BARRON新托福考试全真模考题与精解
●题目数量大,后面有7套模拟试题
●难度偏小,在基础班使用
●建议平时精听训练
KAPLAN模考试题四套
●有四套模拟试题
●听力部分略难,语速略快
●配合模拟光盘,有临考感觉
●考前模考
THOMSON模考试题两套
●只有两套题,但质量很好,文章难度适中,题目难度和Barron相近,感觉上略难一些,和考试非常相似。
●建议模考
Longman新托福考试综合教程
●题目非常简单
●题型脱离托福考试,可以做基础教材
●对水平不好的学生进行基础训练,循序渐进
北极星英语系列教程——新TOEFL考试技能培训教程系列
●由大约10个单元的题材加最后的一些模考题组成
●题材贴近托福考试范围,可以做基础训练使用
●建议做基础训练
《新托福考试听力特训》
●文章难略不平均
●题目脱离托福考试
●不建议使用
《TOEFLiBT听力新思维》
●技巧讲解偏多
●涉及语音、词汇的部分讲解很详细
●建议通读
《TOEFLiBT听力习语必备》
●和旧托福版本改版不多
●新托福考试更少的设计听力习语
●建议通读
托福听力中的九大语音问题
1.语速问题
Ø托福听力过程中的语速问题
Ø如何解决语速问题
2.连读问题
Ø托福听力过程中的连读问题
(1)关键性词语出现连读:
否定形式
●notatall:
Themeetingyesterdaywasn’tatallboring.
(2)常用性词语出现连读
●forhim
Ø连读中的基本规则
(1)辅音+元音连读
●Iwasfoundonthegroundbythefountainaboutafieldofasummerstride.
●Notatall.
●Rushhour.
●ThisdictionaryisnotexactlywhatIwantedbutitwilldo.
●Travelagency,travelagent
(2)辅音+辅音连读
●Somemoney,bikekey
(3)元音+元音连读
●Beontime
●Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway
(4)H连读
●Ilenthimabook.
●Larryistakingalotofart,isn’the?
●Thestuffthenursegavemeseemedtohavehelped.
●Imusthaveleftmykeysatmysister’shouse.
●Shelearnedtousethecomputeronherown.
(5)其他特殊连读
●【t】+【j】=【ch】:
meetyou,hurtyou,thatyour
●【d】+【j】=【dg】:
wouldyou,handyour,didyou
●【s】+【j】=【sh】:
missyou,thisyear
●【z】+【j】=【g】:
asusual,becauseyou
●Example:
won’tyou,don’tyou,didn’tyou,haven’tyou,hadn’tyou,wouldn’tyou,weren’tyou,lastyear,nextyear,notyet,didyou,hadyou,wouldyou,Iadviceyou,Iuseyour,how’syour
Ø如何解决连读问题
3.失爆问题
Ø托福听力过程中的失爆问题:
【p】,【b】,【t】,【d】,【k】,【g】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象
●Sitdown,goodnight,friendly
●-thiscalculatorisn’tworkingright.
-Ithinkyou’vegotthebatteryinupsidedown.
Ø如何解决失爆问题
4.略读问题
Ø托福听力过程中的略读问题:
书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来
●Iam=I’m,youhave=you’ve,howis=how’s,thatwould=that’d
●Doesn’t,didn’t,shouldn’t,hadn’t,hasn’t,wouldn’t,won’t
●OfficialguideP199:
OK.Sowe’vetalkedaboutsomedifferenttypesofrootsystemsofplants,andI’veshownyousomeprettycoolslides,butnowIwanttotalkabouttheextentoftherotsystem-theoverallsizeoftherootsystem…thedepth.
Ø如何解决略读问题
●I’m,you’re,she’s,they’re,there’s,he’s,who’s
●We’ve,he’ll,she’d,she’ll,she’s,they’d,they’ve,they’ll
●Can’t,weren’t,won’t,aren’t,wouldn’t,shouldn’t
●Gotta,gonna
5.弱读问题
Ø托福听力过程中的弱读问题
(1)介词弱化:
●stayathome,doitforfun,comefromChina,gointhehouse,acupofcoffee,thetraintoParis
(2)代词弱化:
●Phoneuswhenyouarefree.
●I’velostmybook.
(3)连词弱化:
●Pleasegivemesomecreamandsugar.
●EitherTomorPetercancome.
Ø如何解决弱读问题
6.英美音差异问题
Ø托福听力过程中的英美音问题
(1)【r】音问题
●Idea,really
●Theyweren’tatthedormlastnight.
(A)Theywenttothedormitory.
(B)Theydidn’tgotothedormitory.
●-Thesnowisreallycomingdown,isn’tit?
-RarelydowehavesomuchsnowinDecember.
-Whatdoesthemanmean?
(A)itistypicalDecemberweatherforthisregion.
(B)suchalargeamountofsnowisunusualforthismonth.
(2)【o】【a:
】
●Glass,class,fast
●Hot,box,rock
(3)其他情况
●Neither
Ø如何解决英美音问题
●常见易混音:
Course-cause,oncemore-onesmall,career-Korea,worse-was,bore-ball,door-doll,core-call,tear-tea,short-shot
●不加儿化音的词:
China,Australia,banana,wall
●常见英美音不同读法:
Neither,either,record,cupboard,cassette,garage,laboratory,adult,ordinary,secretary,dictionary
7.词性变音问题
Ø托福听力过程中的词性变音问题
●Method-methodically
●校园词汇的变音:
meteorology,economics,geography
Ø如何解决词性变音问题
8.Company-companion,library-librarian,geography-geographical,ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic,declare-declaration,economy-economic-economical,invite-invitation,technology-technological,type-typical缩写问题
Ø托福听力过程中的缩写问题
●Sitcom
●Chemlab
●prof
Ø如何解决词性缩写问题
●Intro.Course=introductorycourse导论性课Demo=demonstration演示
●Memo=memorandum备忘录Info.=Information信息
●Expo=exposition博览会Chem.=chemistry化学
●Comm.=commerce商业Tech=technology技术
●Ad.=advertisement广告Dorm=dormitory寝室
●M.A.=MasterofArts文学硕士M.S.=MasterofScience理学硕士
●B.A.=BachelorofArts文学士B.S.=BachelorofScience理学士
●alga=algebra代数学、代数anat=anatomy解剖学、解剖
●archit=architecture建筑学、建筑arith=arithmetic算术、算术
●astron=astronomy天文学、天文eng=engineering工程学、工程
●electr=electricity电学、电fin=finance财政学、财政
●geol=geology地质学、地质geom=geometry几何学、几何
●gram=grammar文法hist=history历史、史
●ling=linguistics语言学、语言maths=mathematics数学、数学
●mech=mechanics机械学、机械med=medical医学、医
●met=meteorology气象学、气象myth=mythology神话
●phil=philosophy哲学phon=phonetics语言学、语言
●photo=photography摄影术、摄影phys=physics物理学、物理
●physiol=physiology生理学、生理pol=politics政治学、政治
●psych=psychology心理学、心理
9.数字问题
Ø托福听力过程中的数字问题
●Whatisthelengthofeachoftheserivers?
Miles
2,307
3,436
4,007
4,145
Amazon
Mississippi
Nile
Yangtze
Ø如何解决词性数字问题
●逗号原则
●1,234,567,890:
新托福听力记