完形填空大纲版.docx
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完形填空大纲版
Cloze:
☐1词汇错误
☐用词不当:
首先是同义词、反义词、易混词的误用。
即错误地使用一组易混词中的一个。
英语中有许多词义相近或拼写相近的词,但它们在用法上或意义上存在差异,不能混用。
☐如consist(包括,由…组成)与compose(组成),arise(出现、起来)与rise(上升、站起)等。
☐这是词汇部分出现频率高的考查点,主要表现为:
故意使用一个与句意或上下文意义要求相反的词;同义词的误用;词形相近词的辨析。
☐*名词的单复数问题
☐*及物与不及物动词的用法
☐*形容词用法中有一种容易混淆的情况,那就是有些形
☐容词在拼写上相近,但意思不同。
如:
☐regretful懊悔的regrettable令人遗憾的
☐sensitive敏感的sensible能感觉到的
☐considerable可观的,considerate体谅人的
☐industrial工业的industrious勤劳的
☐economic经济上的economical节俭的
☐historic有历史意义的historical历史上的
搭配错误
☐固定的搭配表达的意思是固定的,所搭配的词不能随意变动。
☐常见的有:
☐①介词+名词,如:
byaccident,onboard,
☐inconclusion(总之)offduty(下班)indetail等。
☐②动词+名词,如:
takeadvantageof,
☐takeeffect(生效,起作用)等。
☐③动词+介词,如:
accountfor,allowfor(考虑到),
☐callfor(要求),
☐④动词+副词,如:
breakdown,
☐catchon(明白、理解),
☐comethrough(经历)等。
☐⑤形容词短语,如:
beaccustomedto,
☐beanxiousto(do)渴望做,
☐beanxiousabout(为…担心)
☐bebusywith,
☐bepopularwith(受…欢迎的)等。
☐⑥其它搭配,如:
onceinawhile(有时),
☐heartandsoul(全心全意),
☐backandforth(来来往往地)
☐nowandthen(不时)等。
☐这类的短语在英语中数量较大,其中的许多易混淆,而它们常被用来考查学生对词的用法的掌握情况
卷四完型二
☐soeaseperspectivebecause
☐Justtocreateflexibility
☐realizetowardswithtakerecognitionresponsibleout
fromreflectresponsenational
multinational
需要宾语(名词)
☐ForcompanieslikeIBM,work-lifebalanceinitiativesarenothingnew.IBM‘sPaulHellyergiveshisbroad__1perspective__onWLB.Asamanager,anemployeeandthefatherofateenagesonanddaughter,IBM’sPaulHellyerhasabroadperspectiveofwork-lifebalance.
不定式后需要动词
☐Hesaysitisorganizations’“beingwillingtothinkoutsidethesquareto__2create__awin-winsituationforemployeesandemployers".
考虑结构
☐Hebelievesthatsmallandlargescale__3responses__topersonnelissuesrequirethinkingandcommunicationthatisnot__4so__muchrule-boundassolutions-orientated.
根据句意语法选用介词
☐Asolutionsapproachisvalidinanyworkplace.Peopleneedtofeelthattheyareindividuals__5with__individualcircumstances,saysPaul.
注意搭配
☐"Work-lifebalanceisnotaboutworkingless,__6just__differently."ForPaulthisplaysoutinrealityashiscompanyallowshimtoarrangehistime__7taking__intoaccountothercommitments.
句意(名词做主语)+搭配
☐__8Flexibility__meansbeingopen-mindedandcreativeinaddressingemployeeneeds.PaulhasfoundthatIBM'ssolutionsapproach__9towards__humanresourceissueshascreatedapositiveworkplaceculture.
注意搭配
☐Whenhisownfamilycircumstancesledhisfamily__10to__relocatetoHungaryin2001,hefoundthatthecompany'sbroad-mindedattitudemeantthathewasabletocontinuetoworkforIBM__11from__hisnewlocation."Someoneintheteamsaidwhydon'tyouworkfromHungaryandwefigured__12out__thatcouldalsoworkforIBM."
需要形容词和动词
☐Paulconcedesthatworkingfora__13multi-national__companywithtechnologicalaccessisaparticularadvantage.Howeverheisquicktopointoutthatforeveryemployeesimplesolutionssuchasaccesstoatelephonetocallfamilycanreally__14ease__thepressureofjugglingvariouscommitments.
以此类推…
☐Paulemphasizesthat"socialactivitiessuchasChristmaspartiesdomatter"astheyshowa__15recognition__ofpeople'swiderlifeoutsidework.
☐"Work-lifebalanceisnotjustaboutformalpolicies;itisaboutcreatingpositivesolutionswhichreflectthevalueofemployeesandtheirfamilies."
Compare:
☐nomore…than与…一样不
☐sheisnomoreprettythanheryoungersister.
☐noless…than与…一样
☐sheisnolesscapablethanmeninbusiness.
对几个特殊形式的情态动词的处理
☐cannotbut(不得不)
☐Itisreallyunbelievablethathesucceeded.Thosewhodoubtedabouthimatthebeginningcannotbutadmirehim.
☐Inthearmy,whenheiscalledforanmilitarytask,ansoldiercannot(help)butobeytheorder.
☐soldiercannot(help)butobeytheorder.
mayaswell不妨
☐Youmayaswelladapttothenewunfavorablesituationandtrytodevelopyourpotentialandtransformtheunfavorabletothefavorable
cannot…too越…越好;
随便怎样…都不过分.
☐Today’sexamisveryimportanttome.Icannotbetooseriousandcareful.
☐Thesignificanceoftheprojecttothedevelopmentofthecitycannotbetooexaggerated.
名词的复数形式(特殊).
.
arm手臂arms武器
Content内容contents目录
Brain大脑brains智力
Custom习俗customs海关
Damage损害damages赔偿
Fund基金funds现款
Tobecontinued…
☐Look神色looks容貌
☐Painpains辛苦
☐Quarter1/4quarters住所
☐例:
headquarters
☐Spirit精神spirits心境
☐Air空气airs装腔作势
☐Force力量forces军队
☐Color
☐colors颜色,旗帜(复数形式有多种含义)
☐Effecteffects效果,财物(同上)
☐Green草地greens蔬菜
☐Tropic回归线tropics热带
☐Advice忠告advices通知
☐Particular项目particulars细节
Agreement:
物资名词
☐物资名词属不可数名词,一般无复数形式.例如:
cheese,copper,iron,coal,bread,chalk…
☐但是:
☐若表示1)各种类
☐2)一定(大)数量,范围和程度,也可用复数形式:
☐表示各种类:
☐Weexportvarietiesofteas.出口各种茶叶
☐表示一定(大)数量,范围和程度:
☐ThesandsoftheSahara撒哈拉沙漠
☐ThewatersoftheAtlantic大西洋水域
NOT在句中的位置
☐NOT在动词不定式中的位置:
nottodo…
☐I’’llhaveeverythingreadysoasnottokeepyouwaiting.
☐Sheiswhisperinginordernottowakethechildren.
☐NOT在完成时不定式中的位置:
在对may(might,should,can)+havedone结构否定时,放情态动词后,不定式的完成式前:
☐Youmightnothavemetmygrandmother.
☐Theyshouldn’thavecome.
Not在分词和动名词结构中的位置
☐NOT放分词和动名词前
☐Thepursenothavingbeenfound,wewenttothepolice.
☐Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
☐Don’tbeangrywithmefornothavingwritten.
☐Not否定从句的谓语动词:
把not直接放到谓语动词前
☐Theyinsistedthatwenoteatmeat.
☐It’sessential(important)thatthismissionnotfail.
NOT用于双从否定
☐Ishouldn’tbesurprisediftheydidn’tgetmarriedsoon.(=…iftheygotmarriedsoon.)
☐如果他们很快就结婚,我不会感到意外.
☐Thetractordidn’tmissrunningovermebymorethananinch.(didn’tmiss=missed.)
☐拖拉机差点儿(没)撞到我.
☐此类句真实含义恰好是去掉NOT后的含义.
not…because
☐Ididn’tleavehomebecauseIwasafraidof
☐myfather.
☐我并不是因为怕父亲才离开家.
☐BecauseIwasafraidofmyfather,Ididn’tleavehome.
☐因为我怕父亲,所以没有离开家.
☐为一歧义结构.可译为
☐不是因为……而是……
☐又可译为:
☐不……是因为……
not…or/not…and…
☐Ididn’tlikechichenorfish.
☐我不喜欢吃鸡也不喜欢吃鱼
☐Ididn’tlikechichenandfish.
☐我不喜欢既吃鸡有吃鱼.
☐当逐个否定两个独立事物(事件)时,
☐要使用:
NotAorB
☐当把两个事物(事件)结为一个整体加以否定时,
☐要使用:
NotAandB=not(A+B)
notsomuch…as
☐Hissuccessisnotsomuchbytalentasbyenergy.
☐他的成功与其说是由于才能,不如说是由于精力(充沛).
☐此句绝不能理解为:
他的成功与才能无关.
☐notsomuch…as在意义和用法上相当于lessthan.
☐此用法并不是肯定一项而否定另一项,而是表示两项兼而有之.
☐此结构常用来表达两种说法的正确程度.
not/so
☐A:
Hasthenewsreachedhomeyet?
☐B:
I’mafraidnot.恐怕还未
☐C:
I’mafraidso.我想已送到家了.
☐not如so一样,可代替整个(that)从句.
☐B:
句中的not=(that)thenewshasnotreachedhome.
Examples:
☐Heregreted____yourinvitationlasttime.
☐A)notacceptedB)havingnotaccepted
☐C)nothavingacceptedD)notaccept
☐A:
Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.
☐B:
itdoesn’tmatter.
☐A)lettingyounotknow
☐B)notlettingyouknow
☐C)notlettingyoutoknow
☐D)lettingyounotknow
Key:
c.b
☐______necessarypreparationstheythoughtitbettertopostponethemeetingtillnexttime.
☐A)NothavingmadeB)Havingnotmade
☐C)NotmakingD)Making
☐Helenapologizedfor_________.
☐A)hernotbeingabletocome
☐B)herbeingnotabletocome
☐C)herbeingablenottocome
☐D)herbeingabletonotcome
Key;a,a
☐Tonywasveryunhappyfor____totheparty.
☐A)havingnotbeeninvited
☐B)nothavinginvited
☐C)havingnotinvited
☐D)nothavingbeeninvited.
Key;d
☐A:
“Doyouthinkhewillpasstheentrance
☐examination?
”
☐B:
_____________.
☐A)I’mnotafraidofthat
☐B)I’mnotafraidhewill
☐C)I’mnotafraid
☐D)I’mafraidnot.
Key;a
☐I’llhavemywatchrepaired,____lateagaintomorrow.
☐A)notsoastobeB)sonotastobe
☐C)soasnottobeD)soastobenot
☐John’suncleinsists____inthishotel.
☐A)notstayingB)nottostay
☐C)thathenotstayD)stayingnot
Key;c,c
☐“Wasthehousemasterstrict?
”
☐“Yes.Herequestedthatwe_____TVon
☐weeknights.”
☐A)notwatchB)mustnottowatch
☐C)notbewatchingD)havenotwatched
Key:
a
☐A:
It’sverykindofyoutoseemeoff,Mr.
☐Henry.
☐B:
_____.It’stheleastweweshoulddo.
☐Question:
☐A)that’strue.B)notatall
☐C)Idon’tthinksoD)don’tsayso.
Key:
b
☐IdiomaticExpressions:
☐Nothalf一点也不
☐Notthat并不是说:
It’snotthatIdislikedhim.
☐Notbutthat虽然;He’sverystrong---notbutthathe’llcatchcoldsometimes….虽然他有时患感冒.
☐Assoonasnot非常愿意
☐Notallthat不那么……Idonotlikefishallthatmuch.我不那么喜欢吃鱼
cloze
☐Morethanfortythousandreaderstolduswhattheylookedforinclosefriendships,whattheyexpectedoffriends,whattheywerewillingtogiveinreturn,andhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththequalityoftheirfriendships.The(expectation)givelittlecomforttosocialcritics.
cloze
☐Friendship1tobeauniqueformof2bonding.
☐1.A)feelsB)leads
☐C)soundsD)appears
☐2.A)humanB)mankind
☐C)individualD)civil
1.d2.a
☐1.系动词短语语意辨析.appeartobe的意思是“看起来似乎是”。
文中“Friendshipappearstobeauniqueformofhumanbonding.”一句的意思是“友谊看起来似乎是人们亲密关系的一种独特方式。
”
☐2.形容词语意辨析.human的意思是“人的,由人构成的”。
文中“Friendshipappearstobeauniqueformofhumanbonding.”individual的意思是“个人的”;mankind的意思是“人类的”;civil的意思是“国内的,公民的”。
这三项放在文中都不符合逻辑。
cloze
☐Unlikemarriageorthetiesthat3parentsandchildren,itisnotdefinedorregulatedby4.
☐3.A)bindB)attach
☐C)controlD)attract
☐4.A)disciplineB)law
☐C)ruleD)regulation
3.a4.b
☐3.动词词义辨析.bind的意思是“束缚,使连接在一起”。
常与名词搭配。
文中“Unlikemarriageorthetiesthatbindparentsandchildren,---”的意思是“与婚姻及连接父母和子女的纽带不同……”。
attach的意思是“系,连接”,它常与介词搭配;attract的意思是“吸引”。
☐4.名词词义辨析。
根据上文中的父母与子女之间的联结关系及常识,在这里应选此项