商务英语翻译.docx
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商务英语翻译
PartsofTeachingMaterialsofTranslationforInternationalBusiness
Contents
Chapter
ABriefIntroductiontoTranslation
ChapterⅡBusinessEnglishandItsLanguageFeatures
ChapterⅢ.CriteriaofTranslation
Part
AbriefIntroducyiontoTranslationStandardsBothatHomeandAbroad
Part
YanFuandHisThree-pointTheory
Part
StandardforBusinessEnglishTranslation
ChapterⅣTheProcessofTranslation
PartⅠProcess
PartⅡComprehension
Part
Expression
PartⅣ.Multi-expressions
Chapter
TranslationTechniquesandMethods
•Part1Diction
PartⅡExtexsion
Part
Conversion
PartⅣ.Amplification
Part
Omission
Part
Division
Part
TranslationofEnglishAttributiveClauses
Part
TranslationTechniquesofEnglishPassiveVoice
Part
TranslationofEnglishLongSentences
Part
EnglishBusinessAbbreviationsandTheirTranslationintoChinese
Part
TranslationofFigures
Part
TranslationofPracticalWriting
(AppliedTranslation)
Part
TranslationofOrganizationsandCompanyIntroduction
Part
Translationofproductsdescriptions
Part
TranslationofAdvertisements
Part
TranslationofBusinessLetters
Part
TranslationofPRDocumentsandBusinessReports
Part
TranslationofContracts
Chapter
ABriefIntroductiontoTranslation
IWhatIsTranslation
Translationis,essentially,thefaithfulrepresentation,inonelanguage,ofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage.Byfaithfulrepresentation,itismeantthattranslatingmustaimprimarilyatreproducingthemessageratherthanthekeepingoftheformoftheorginaltext.AsEnglishandChinesebelongtoentirelydifferentlanguagefamilies,thereisagreatdiscrepancybetweentheminculturalsetting,wayofthinking,expressions,diction,sentencesructures,sentenceorder,etc.Forachievingachievingfunctionalequivalence,thatis,equalityofmeanings,itoftenrequiresadjustmentoftheorginalform.
e.g.公司简介,公司结构,业务范围,公司历程
CoporateProfile/AboutUs;OrganizationChart;MajorBusinesses/BusinessLine;History
Differentlanguageshavedifferentwaysofsayingthings.Forachievinggenuineequivalence,sometimeswehavetotransferfromoneformintoanother.Theaboveservesasareadyinstance.
Thereisanhourly
(1)shiftfromLondontoParis
(2)knownastheAirbus(3)capableofseating521people.
从伦敦到巴黎的航线上
(2)有一种称之为“空中公汽车”的客机,(3)能够乘坐521名乘客,
(1)每小时一航班。
Asimplesentenceasitis,theoriginalisabitcomplicatedinstructure,containingaparticipialphraseandanadjectivephrasecarryingmuchinformation.AsaChinesesentencetendstobeshortandlaconic,intranslationitisimpossibletokeeptheoriginalstructurebutnecessarytoseparateitintoseveralparts.Besides,asemphasisfallsonaction(shift)intheoriginalsentencewhichgoescontrarytotheusageofChinese,sothereshouldbearearrangementofsentenceorderintheverion.
Mattercanbeturnedintoenergyandenergy,matter.
物质能够转换成能量,能量能够转换成物质。
Youcanfindoutthewavelengthifyouknowthefrequency.
知道频率,就可以求出波长。
我今天准备吃食堂。
I’mgoingtohavemymealsinthedininghall.
Intheabovethreeexamples,toreproducetheclosestnaturalequivalent,someadjustments,includingamplification,omissionandconversion,areneeded.
Typesoftranslation:
1)accordingtoscope
full
partialtranslation
2)accordingtobasicmethods
free
literal
word-for-wordtranslation
(foreignization、domestication)
3)accordingtowayofwork
translationtranslator
interpretationinterpreter
4)accordingtomaterial
scientific
literary
documentarytranslation
translationofpracticalwriting(includingBusinessEnglish,TourismEnglishetc.)
5)linguisticelements
theoriginal(source)
target(receptor)language
II.Translationisthecombinationofscienceandart
Translation,ononehand,hasmuchtodowithlinguistics,rhetorics,psychology,sociology,semiotics,etc,andshouldbegovernedbytheirrules.Forinstance,indoingtranslationwehavetofollowtheprinciplesandwayofworkoflinguisticstostudywordsandanalysestructures.Onanotherhand,itseeksthehelpofpersons’inspiration,appreciationandartisticaccomplishment.
Asaresultoftheabovetwofactors,itcanbeseenthattranslationisnoeasythingtodo,requringpainstakingefforts,evenifwhatwetranslateisasimplesentence.
e.g.Hesentmeanoteofwelcome,assunnyashisface.
他送给我一封短信,对我表示欢迎;那信写得热情洋溢,一如其人。
Asimplesentenceasitis,itisnoteasytounderstandit,includingtherealordeepmeaningof“note”and“sunny”,astheformerisapolysemouswordandthelaterisafigurativeone.Wehavetomakesuretheexactmeaningof“note”(ashortletter)accordingtothecontextandtodigouttheextendedmeaningof“sunny”(warm)here.
Besides,wehavealsotocomprehendthefunctionof“of”inthissentence.
c.f.abookofmine;thecityofNewYork;theoverthrowofthatreactionarygovernment.
Ⅱ.)Effective(Meaningful)translationispossiblebecause
A..humanexperienceismuchalikethroughouttheworld.Everyoneeats,sleeps,works,isrelatedtofamilies,experienceslove,hatred,jealousy,etc,iscapableofloyaltyandfriendshipandemploysmanyfacialgestureswhicharealmostuniversal(laughing,smiling,frowning,etc.)Infact,whatpeopleofdifferentcultureshaveincommonisfargreaterthanwhatseparatesthemfromoneanother.Thatis,thereisnormalorstandardbehaviorbetweenlanguages.
B.peopletendtothinkmuchthesamewaythoughtheyhavedifferentcultures.Theyfollowthesametrainofthoughtandtrytobereasonableinwritingortalk.Theyhavethecapacitytoimaginewhatotherpeoplethinkandact,and
C.differentLanguageshavedifferentforms,buttheyenjoythesameeffect.Inotherwords,differentformscanbeusedtosuggestthesameobject,ideas,etc.Forexample,theEnglishword“school”anditsChineseequivalent“学校” aredifferentinformbutareusedforexpressingthesameidea,namely,“aplaceforpeople,usuallychildren,tolearn.
ChapterⅡBusinessEnglishandItsLanguageFeatures
.WhatIsBusinessEnglish?
TheEnglishconcrenedwithvariousfieldsofcommercialactivitiessuchasthetechnologytransfer,foreigntrade,theintroductionofforeigninvestment,internationalfinancing,transnationaltourism,internationaltransportation,isasawholecalledbusinessEnglish.BusinessEnglishletters,contracts,telexesandtelegrams,documents,advertisementsallbelongtothiscategory.
BusinessEnglishisabranchofspecialEnglishinuseandanapplicationofEnglishinbusinessoccasion.ItisclassifiedbymanylinguistsintoEnglishforSpecialPurposes(ESP).
.LanguageFeaturesofBusinessEnglish
).BusinessEnglishmainlybelongstoexpositorywriting,givingexplanation,illustration,classification,instructiondefinition,etc.
andpresentinginformation,facts,figures,numbers,terms,…beingobjectiveandimpersonal
e.g.”Deliverydate”meanstheseconddayofthedeadline oftheoperationperiod.
“转让日期”指运行期最后一天的第二天.(definition)
Acontractshallbeanagreementwherebythepartiesestablish,changeorterminatetheircivilrelationship.
合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事关系的协议。
(definition)
Businessisacombinationofalltheseactivities:
production.distributionandsale,throughwhichprofitoreconomicsurpluswillbecreated.
商务是指生产、配送、销售等一切活动的组合,通过这些活动,创造利润和经济盈余。
(definition)
TheresultingGeneralLedgersubsystemhasfourparts:
entryprocessing,financialreporting,accountdetailinquiryandperiodendprocessing.
因而总帐的子系统包括四部分:
记录处理、财务报告、帐户详细查询、期末处理。
(classification)
Generallyspeaking,telegramscanbedividedintotwokinds:
PlainLanguageTelegramsandCodeLanguageTelegrams.
一般而言,电报可分为两种:
明语电报和电码电报。
(classification)
ThiscontractismadeoutinduplicateinChineseandinEnglishLanguage,oneChineseoriginalcopyandoneEnglishoriginalcopyforeachparty,bothtextbeingequallyauthentic.
本合同用中文和英文书就,一式二份,双方各执一份中文正本和一份英文正本。
两种文本具有同等效力。
(illustration)
Inlanguage,thereisthewideuseofsimplepresenttense,passivevoice,“it”structure…
e.g.Itisheld/suggested/admitted/acknowledged…
ItisexpectedthattheFranchiseeshouldunderstandandsupportallcorporategoals.
期待特许加盟人理解、支持公司所有的目标
Itissuggestedthatthisyear’sannualmeetingofourcompanybeputofftillnextmonth.
建议敝公司本年度年会延期至下月举行。
).Beingspecialized
BusinessEnglishisthecombinationofEnglishandtheknowledgeofmanybranchesoflearning,suchasmarketing,economics,finance,accountancyandmanagement,asaresultofwhichthereisaheavyuseofrelatedtechnicalterms(includingconversionofcommonwords).
anoutstandingcheque
未兑现支票
“Outstanding”incommonEnglishmeans“excellent”or“remarkable”,butinfinancialEnglishitsuggests“unpaid”.Thefollowingsaresimilarexamples.
futures/drugs/buy
期货、滞销货、便宜货
e.g.ForceMajeure(不可抗力),draftatsight(即期汇票),Letterofcredit(信用证),Billoflading(提单),documentsagainstacceptance(承兑交单),Billofexchange(汇票)fixedcapital(固定资本)
offer(发盘);afirmoffer(实盘);counteroffer(还盘)
Quotation,pricelist,proformainvoiceandsoforthallbebeusedinan“offer”.
报价单,价格单,形式发票等都可以用作“发盘”。
offer(要约);offerer(要约人);offeree(受要约人);accept(承诺);acceptor(承诺人);acceptee(接受承诺人)
Beingthebestmeansensuringthatourowner/operators,employees,andsuppliersreflectandrepresentthediversepopulationsMcDonald’sservesaroundtheworld.
(成为最佳)还意味着确保我们的业主/经营者、雇员、供应商能折射出并代表麦当劳全球服务各式各样的人群状况。
).Formalandstandardinstyle
A.Beingcomplete,longandcomplicatedinsentencestructure
e.g.Withaviewtoexpandinginternationaleconomiccooperationandtechnologicalexchange,thePeople’RepublicofChinapermitsforeigncompanies,enterprices,andothereconomicorganizationsorindividualstoestablishequityjointventurestogetherwithChinesecompanies,enterprises,orothereconomicorganization