英国文学简史打印分析.docx

英国文学简史打印分析.docx

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英国文学简史打印分析

ASHORTSTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

英国文学简史

刘炳善

河南人民出版社

LectureOne

PartOne

EarlyEnglishLiterature（Angle-SaxonLiterature）

•EarlyEnglishLiterature

（Anglo-SaxonLiterature）

•HistoricalBackground

•①TheearliestinhabitantsoftheBritishIsleswereBritons,atribeofCelts.TodaymostCeltslivedinScotlandandWales.

•②From55B.C.to410A.D.RomansconqueredtheGreatBritain.TheRomanarmywasledbyJuliusCaesar,whowasaveryfamousfigureinancientRome.

•Consequenceof

Romanconquest:

1.anetworkofhighways;

2.scoresoftowns,includingLondon;

3.Romanlifestyle

4.Christianitywasintroduced.

•③EnglishConquest

•ShortlyafterRomans’retreat,theBritainwasinvadedbyAnglos,SaxonsandJutes.Andbythe7thcenturyOldEnglishemerged.

•Anglo-Saxonperiodwitnessedatransitionfromtribalsocietytofeudalism.

•WiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementinBritain,thehistoryofEnglishliteraturebegan.

•CharacteristicsofAnglo-SaxonLiterature

•Anglo-Saxonliterature,thatis,theOldEnglishliteratureisatmostexclusivelyaverseliteratureinoralform.Itcouldbepasseddownbywordofmouthfromgenerationtogeneration.Itscreatorforthemostpartisunknown.Itwasonlygivenawrittenformlongafteritscomposition.

•Beowulf

—NationalepicofEnglishpeople

•Pickoutthecharactersinthisstoryandmakesuretheplaceofthestory.

•Whatarethethreeadventuresmentionedinthestory?

•Whatarethevaluesconveyedinthisstory?

•Artisticfeaturesof“Beowulf”

•1.Usingalliteration

•Alliteration:

arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（头韵）.

•2.Usingmetaphor（kenning）and

understatement

Kenning:

Afigurative,usuallycompoundexpressionusedinplaceofanameornoun,especiallyinOldEnglishandOldNorsepoetry;forexample,stormofswordsisakenningforbattle.

understatement:

expressingsomethinginacontrolledway

PartTwoMedievalEnglishLiterature

•HistoricalBackground

TheDanishInvasion:

•KingAlfredtheGreat,whosucceededindrivingtheDanesoffwithforce,conceived“Anglo-SaxonChronicle”,alsoorganizedandsupervisedthewritingprocessofthebook.

•TheNormanConquest:

•ItmarkstheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland.（Aftertheconquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.）

•TheInfluenceoftheNormanConquestuponEnglishLanguageandliterature.

•TheprevailingformofliteratureinthefeudalEnglandwastheRomance.

•Bytheendofthe14thcentury,theMiddleEnglishemerged.

•ConditionsintheFeudalEngland

•Thechieffeatureofthesocietywasdistinctdivisionintotwoclasses:

landlordsandpeasants.

•Themiseriesofthepeasants

•Therisingof1381

•TheRomance（骑士文学）

•Romance:

alongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.

•Knight

--centralcharacterofromances

•ItisaspecialgroupofpeopleexistedintheMiddleAgeinEurope.Nearlyallnobleswereknights.However,nobodywasbornaknight.Onenoblemanmustexperiencehardtrainingandthenthekingwillgivehimknighthood.

•3.Thegreatmajorityoftheromancesfallintothreegroups:

•mattersofFrance:

Charlemagne,averygreatFrenchemperor.查理曼大帝

•mattersofRome:

AlexandertheGreat,averygreatemperorinancientGreece.亚历山大大帝

mattersofBritain:

TheRomanceofKingArthurandhisRoundTableknights,亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士，iscomparativelythemostimportantforthehistoryofEnglishliterature,especiallytheworkscalled“SirGawainandtheGreenKnight”.　格温爵士和绿衣骑士．

•Malory'sLeMorteD'Arthur

•ItisacollectionofstoriesaboutKingArthur,translatedfromFrenchbySirThomasMalory.

•WhoisKingArthur?

•ThelegendsofKingArthurarethefoundationofLeMorteD'Arthur.

•Amasterpieceinthe15thEnglishliterature.

“PiersthePlowman”

（农夫皮尔斯）

–WilliamLangland

“PiersthePlowman”isoneofthegreatestofEnglishpoems.

Thepoemsetsforthaseriesofwonderfuldreams,throughwhichwecanseeapictureoffeudalEngland,esp.thecorruptionoftheCourtandtheChurch,incontrastwiththehardlifeofthepoorpeasants.

•PiersthePlowman

•1.Theexposureoftherulingclasses

•2.ThestoryoftheCatandRats

•3.ThemarriageofLadyMeed

•4.Theconditionofthepeasants

•5.Thesearchfortruth

•6.TheclassnatureofPiers

Limitations:

conservatism

Socialsignificance:

kindlingthetoilingpeople’ssenseofhumandignityandequalitybeforeGodandplayingapartinarousingtheirrevolutionarysentiment.

•Artisticfeatureoftheproduction:

•1.OneofthegreatestofEnglishpoems,writtenintheformofadreamvision.

•2.theusageofallegory（寓言）,personification（拟人）,symbolism（象征主义）,andalliteration

TheEnglishBallads

Aballadisastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.

Features?

•RobinHood---partlyhistoricalandpartlylegendarycharacter

•“ThecharacterofRobinHoodismany—sided.Strong,braveandclever,heisatthesametimetender-heartedandaffectionate.Heisamanwithatwinkleinhiseye,amanfondofaveryjokeandaheartylaugh.Butthedominantkeyinhischaracterishishatredforthecrueloppressorsandhisloveforthepooranddowntrodden.”

SocialSignificance:

showingthefightingspirit,courageandrevolutionaryenergyofEnglishpeasantry.

examplifyingtheviewsoftheexploitedclassesoffeudalsociety

•Chaucer—thefounderofEnglishpoetry

•threeperiodsofcreation

•1.French:

RomauntoftheRose

玫瑰传奇

•2.Italian:

TroilusandCriseyde

特罗勒斯与克丽西德

•3.British:

TheCanterburyTales

坎特伯雷故事集

•TroilusandCriseyde

•apoemofmorethan8000lines,isChaucer‘smajorworkbesidesTheCanterburyTales.

•ItisChaucer'slongestcompletepoemandhisgreatestartisticachievement.

•ItisthetragicstoryoftheTrojanprinceTroilusandhisbeloved,Criseyde.

•Plot

•Morethanaromance

•TheCanterburyTales

　　　　　　－Chaucer’masterpiece

Thestoryopenswithageneralprologue,tellingthatonaspringevening,29pilgrims,andthepoetonthewaytoCanterbury,stoppedataninn.AttheproposalofthehostoftheInn,eachwastotell4storiesonthewaytoandbackfromCant.Hostwouldbethejudge,thebesttellerwouldgetafreesupperatthecostofalltherestupontheirreturntotheinn.Thereshouldbe120storiesaltogether.butonly24taleswerewrittenduetotheauthor’sdeathin1400.

•ThePrologue

•    Itwasconsideredthebestpartofthewholework,whichsuppliesanartisticgroupofpeoplefromallwalksoflifeinthemedievalEngland.Sofromtheprologue,weknowatoncehowpeoplelivedinthatera.ThatiswhyChaucerhasbeencalled“thefounderofEnglishrealism.

•TheWifeofBath

---巴斯夫人

Thestoryofthemarriedlifeofawomanofthemiddleclass.WemayseeacolorfulpictureofthedomesticlifeofthatclassinChaucer’sday.

•Socialsignificance:

•affirmman’srighttopursueearthlyhappinessandopposesasceticism禁欲说

•praiseman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife;（theforerunnerofhumanism）

•exposeandsatirizethesocialevils

•HisContribution

•HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoreplacetheOldEnglishalliterativeverse.

•HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage.

•ThespokenEnglishofthetimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.

PartTwo

TheEnglishRenaissance

•

TheRenaissance,whichmeans“rebirth”or“revival”,isactuallyanintellectualmovementwithathirstingcuriosityforclassicalliteratureandthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.

Background

Information:

----theriseofthebourgeoisie

●

1.TheNewMonarchy

HenryVIIfoundedtheTudorDynasty,acentralizedmonarchywhichmettheneedsoftherisingbourgeoisie.

2.Reformation

Resultofthereligiousreformation--theguiseforthebourgeoisieclassforpower

*Protestantismwasfounded.

*EnglishBibleemerged

•TheAuthorizedVersionoftheEnglishBiblewasmadein1611undertheauspicesofJamesI,soalsocalledtheKingJamesBible,whichhashadagreatinfluenceonEnglishlanguageandliterature.

3.EconomicalDevelopment:

*TheEnclosureMovement

*TheCommercialExpansion

*TheWarwithSpain

Atthistime,theEnglishbourgeoisiecametotheforeinthearenaofhistory.

•TheRenaissance

•Anintellectualmovement

•Therebirthofletters

•SprangfirstinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.

•Twostrikingfeatures

•FeaturesofRenaissance

•1.Curiosityfortheclassicalliterature;

•2.Keeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.

•Humanism:

Key-noteoftheRenaissance,andtheveryweaponforthebourgeoisietouseinitsfightagainstfeudalismrestrictionsandthedominatinginfluenceofthechurch,whichhadruledmen’smindsforcenturies.

•TheRenaissance

•RenaissanceinEngland:

•Thetime:

mainlyfromthereignofHenryVIII,Edward,MaryandthentoQueenElizabethandJacobeanEra

•WilliamCaxton

•ThefirstEnglishprinter

•TheRecuyelloftheHistoriesofTroy,translatedfromFrench,isthefirstbookprintedinEnglishin1475.

•ByhisrenderingFrenchbooksintoEnglish,hecontributedtothedevelopmentofstyleof15thcenturyEnglishprose,fixinganationallanguageinEngland,andtothedevelopmentofEnglishcultureasawhole.

•ThomasMore托马斯·莫尔

----ThegreatestEnglishhumanist

•Utopia《乌托邦》

----themasterpieceofThomasMore

•Itwaswritteni