初中英语专题复习.docx
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初中英语专题复习
叶耘利111106
冠词(art.)用在名词前,帮助说明其意义
冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the,放在名词前、a/3n用在单数可数名词前(a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前)。
1.不定冠词
(1)不定冠词的用法
①泛指—类人或物。
eg.Thisisapencilcase.
②指不具体的某个人或物。
eg.ImetanoldmanOnmywayhome.
③用在序数词前,相当于another。
eg.There’sathirdboyneartheshop.
④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every。
eg.Theyhavemusiclessonstwiceaweek.
⑤固定搭配。
alotof,alot,alittle,afew,aglassof,sucha/an, haveawordwith,havealook,haveatry,haveaswim,aquarter,halfanhour,threetimesaday,haveatalk,giveatalk,tenyuanakilo
(2)不定冠词的位置
①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。
eg,abike,anegg
②当名词被such,what,many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。
eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtofinishmyhomework.
③当名词前的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
Eg.Shewassoniceagirlthatshetooktheblindmantothestation.
④当名词前面有形容词和quite,rather,very时,不定冠词放在quite,rather之后,very之前。
eg.Itisquiteagoodbook.
2.定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的人或物。
eg:
lhavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.Theboy'snameisMark.Thegirl’snameisPenny.
(2)特指某(些)人或物。
eg:
ThegirlinareddresscomesfromAmerica.
(3)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。
eg:
Myshoesareunderthebed.
(4)用在形容最高级和部分比较级前。
egTomisthetallerofthetwoboys.
(5)用在序数词前。
egMondayistheseconddayofaweek.
(6)用在世界上独一无二的事物前(如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。
eg.Themoonmovesroundtheearth.
(7)用在某些形容词前,表示—类人或物。
the rich(富人),thepoor(穷人),thedeaf(聋人),theblind(盲人),thedead(死者),thewounded(伤员)
(8)用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。
eg.TheGreensarehavingdinnerathome.
(9)用在乐器前。
eg.playthepiano/guitar/violin/drums.
(10)用于逢“十”的复数数词前,指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。
eg.Ithinkheisinthethirties.
(11)用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。
theUnitedNations,theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,thePalaceMuseum,intheend,intheday,inthemiddleof,allthetime,intheeast,bytheway,onthewayto,the(more)...the(more)…“越…越…”
3.不用冠词的情况
(1)名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。
eg.Thatgirlismyfriend.
(2)名词前有物主代词my,your,hisher,their等时不用冠词。
eg.Lucyishersister.
(3)名词前有whose,which,some,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。
eg.WhichmanisMrGreen?
(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。
eg.Thoseyoung menareteachers,notstudents.
(5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。
eg.Snowiswhite.
(6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。
eg.Doesshelikemusic?
(7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。
eg.playbasketball/soccer/chess
(8)在三餐前不用冠词。
eg.havebreakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
(9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。
eg·Tina,China,TiananmenSquare,Beijing,University,NewYear’sDay,Tuesday,January
(10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。
eg.MyfavoriteisEnglish.
(11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。
(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前:
bybus乘公共汽车;bycar乘汽车;bybike骑/坐自行车;bytrain乘火车;byair/plane乘飞机;bysea/ship乘船,但takeabus,inaboat,onthebike前需用冠词
(2)名词词组:
dayandnight日日夜夜;brotherandsister兄弟姐妹;hourafterhour时时刻刻;hereandthere到处
(3)介词词组:
athome在家;insurprise惊奇地;atnoon在中午;onfoot步行;atnight在晚上;onduty值日;atwork在工作;ontime准时;forexample例如;inclass在上课;onshow展览;inbed在床上
(4)go短语:
gohome回家;gotobed上床睡觉;gotoschool去上学;gotowork去上班;goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
4.在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。
inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里
gotosea出海/gotothesea去海边
onearth究竟/ontheearth在地球上,在世上
infrontof在……(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在……(内部的)前面
takeplace发生/taketheplace(of)代替
attable进餐/atthetable在桌子旁
bysea乘船/bythesea在海边
infuture从今以后,将来/inthefuture未来
gotoschool(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/gototheschool(church…)到学校(教堂…)去
onhorseback骑着马/onthehorseback在马背上
twoofus我们当中的两人/thetwoofus我们两人(共计两人)
outofquestion毫无疑问/outofthequestion不可能的,办不到的
nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年
ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家(一个人)/ateacherandawriter一位教师和一位作家(两个人)
冠词专练
1.Hegavemysister____usefulbookyesterday.
A.anB.aC./Dthe
2.Mybrotheris____honestboy,sohehasmanyfriends.
A.aB.anC.theD/
3.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkin____westpartofcountry____nextyear.
A.the;theB./;/C./;theD.the;/
4.Thereisabigtree____thehouse.
A.inthefrontofB.infrontof
C.infront D.atclass
5.Jimalwaysanswerstheteacher’squestions_______.
A.inclassB.intheclass C.afterclassD.atclass
6.Thereis_____appleonthedesk.
A.aB.theC.anD./
2.Thegirlunder____treeismysister.
A.aB.theC.anD./
3.Maryisfrom_____USA.
A.aB.theC.anD./
4.Hemet_____friendofhisontheroad.
A.aB.theC.anD./
5.MrBlackwillgobacktoEngland______.
A.byairB.byaplaneC.bytrainsD.atatrain
6.YesterdayIwentto____workon____foot.
A./,/B./,theC.the,/D.the,the
7.Thereis____“h”intheword“hour”,but____“h”doesn’tmakeasound.
A.a,aB.a,theC.the,,anD.an.the
8.I’mgoingtoseemymother.Sheisill____.
A.inhospitalB.inthehospitalC.inahospital D.atahospital
9.Wehavethreemeals____day.Wehavebreakfastat6:
30in____morningeveryday.
A.the,the,theB.the,/,the
C.a,/,the D.a,the,the
10.——Thisis____filmI’vetoldyouaboutseveraltimes.
——It’sGREat.I’veneverseen___moremovingone.
A.a,aB.the,theC.the,aD.a,the
11.——Tina,couldyoupleaseplay____pianoformewhileI’msinging?
——Withpleasure.
A.aB.anC.theD./
12.Iwanttotryagain.Pleasegiveme____thirdchanceagain.
A.aB.the C.anD./
13.——What’sthematterwithyou?
——Icaught____badcoldandhadtostayin____bed.
A.a;/B.a;the C.a;aD.the;the
14.____sunisshiningbrightly.
A.AB.An C.TheD./
15.Swimmingis____insummer.
A.agreatfunB.greatfunC.greatfunsD.greatafun
数词
(一)基数词 在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。
1.基数词的构成
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→fivehundredandeighty-six,803→eighthundredandthree
(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为
million,第三个“,”前为billion(美式)或thousand,million(英式),然后一节一节地表示。
1,001→onethousandandone
9,785→ninethousand, sevenhundredandeighty-five
18,423→eighteenthousand,fourhundredandtwenty-three
6,260,309→sixmilliontwohundredandsixtythousandthreehundredandnine
750,000,000,000→seven hundredandfifty,billion(美式)sevenhundredandfiftythousandmillion(英式)
2.基数词的用法
(1)作主语
eg.FourofthemcomefromParis.
(2)作宾语
eg.一Howmanybookswouldyoulike?
一Iwouldliketwo.
(3)作表语
eg.Sevenminustwoisfive.
(4)作定语
eg.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily·
(5)作同位语
eg.Youtwowillgoswimmingwithus.
(6)表具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million用单数。
eg.Therearesixhundredstudentsinourgrade.
(7)表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。
若带名词,再加ofhundredsof(数百,成百上千的),thousandsof(数干,成千上万的),millionsof(数百万)
eg,Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.他们三三两两地来了。
(8)表示“…十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。
eg.Heisinhisearlythirties.他有三十来岁(31—34岁):
Thistookplaceinthe1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代;
(9)表示时刻
eg.IwatchCCTVNewsatseveno’clockeveryevening.
(二)序数词 在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。
1,序数词的构成
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve--~twelfih
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,twohundredandforty-fifth
2.序数词的用法
(1)序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。
eg.Tomistheirsecondson.
(2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上"又—",“再一”
eg:
Hetriedasecondtime.
(3)序数词的缩写形式为:
阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。
1st2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd
(4)表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。
2005年8月15日:
(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;
(美)8,15,2005=August15th,2005
(三)基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。
No.1(1号),No.3bus(3路公共汽车),Room103,(103号旁间)
Thefirstlesson=LessonTwo(第二课)
(四)分数词的表达
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s
eg.1/3-onethird;2/5-twofifths
(五)数学运算的表达
eg.3+5=8 Threeplus/andfiveiseight.
9-2=7 Nineminustwoisseven.
6x5=30 Fivetimessixisthirty/sixunutilizedfiveisthirty.
8÷2=4 Eightdividedbytwoisfour.
初中英语数词练习
( )1.Lincolnwasbornon________.
A.February12,1809 B.1809,February12 C.1809,12February D.February1809,12
( )2.A_______boycansingtheEnglishsongverywell.
A.ten-year-old B.tenyearsold C.ten-year-old D.fifthyearsold
( )3.Anhourlater,_____ministerwassenttoseethe"magiccloth"wovenbythosetwomen.
A.two B.thesecond C.thetwo D.second
( )4.AbrahamLincolnwas_______PresidentoftheUnitedStates.
A.16 B.the16 C.16th D.the16th
( )5.Doyouthinkthereisanyroomforus________?
A.two B.thetwo C.second D.thesecond
( )6.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?
________.
A.Twentynine B.Thirtyandtwo C.Forty-five D.fifties
( )7.Whichnumberiswrong?
_______.
A.Ninety B.Ninteen C.Ninth D.Nineteenth
( )8.ThePeople'sLiberationArmywasfounded_______.
A.onAugust1,1927 B.in1927,1August C.onAugust1st,1927 D.inAugust1,1927
( )9.Thenumber4,123isread_______.
A. fourthousandonehundredandtwenty-three B.fourthousandandonehundredtwenty-three
C. fourthousandandahundredandtwenty-three D.fourthousandsahundred