英语六级写作讲解.docx
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英语六级写作讲解
★Lesson1★
(Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeandIcanbereachedduringthedaysIaminNOS.)
前言:
论说文是由开头、结尾、启转、分析、举例、比较等部分所组成的,其中都有些固定而漂亮的句型来表达。
由于这些句型都是地道的英语,是经过千锤百炼,且能表达论说文写作中的不同意思,若能把以论说文为主的当代英语essays中的这些句型摘录归纳成类,供读者参考,无疑是能有助于提高英语写作的语言水平。
模仿和学用漂亮和地道的英语表达法或句型并不是可耻的事。
地道的英语不应是你用学过的词汇和语法规则按某个意思苦苦思索造出来的,地道的英语应是你把英美人对这个意思的习惯说法用到你自己的文章上来的。
该讲义收集了论说文常用的一些句型,与六级考试的一些文章结构模式;希望同学们能以此为依据,Practicemakesperfect,达到熟能生巧的境界,从而在六级考试作文部分获得理想的分数!
写作原则
内容简单化
结构模式化(主题句-分论点-总结)
语言要包装
错误要回避
万能理由(Omnipotence):
1、方便:
convenient/convenience
2、效率:
efficient/efficiently/efficiency
3、节省和浪费:
savetime/money/space;economical,thrift
wastetime/money/space;costly,lavish
4:
人的心理健康:
independent,cooperative,competitive,
considerate,confident,creative,sociable,
perseverance;selfish,isolated,conservative
5、人的身体健康:
health,disease,strong,strength,energetic
6、娱乐:
colorful,pleasure,joy,recreation,entertainment,relax
tired,boring,lonely
7、环境:
environment,pollute,poisonous,dirty
8、安全和危险:
safe,danger,risk
9:
经验:
experience,socialexperience,enterthesociety
10、人际:
humane,fair,unfair,help,assist,freedom,freely
基本表达(BasicElementsofEnglishWriting):
越来越:
beincreasingly+adj.,beontherise,thegrowingnumberof
人们认为:
itisgenerally/widelybelieved/held/agreedthat
许多问题:
ahostof/anumberofproblems
引起人们注意:
claimcall/attractgeneral/public/worldattentiontosth.
意识到:
thereisagrowingawareness/realizationof/that,awakensb.tothefact/danger
适应新的形势/变化:
adapt/adjust/accommodateoneselftonewenvironment/change
接触各种思想/经历:
beexposedtonewideas/experiences/problems
接触社会:
comeintofrequent/closecontactwiththeworld/society
获得成功:
achieve/accomplishsuccess
提出观点/建议:
advance/putforward/comeupwiththearguments/ideas/suggestions
作出努力:
maketremendous/persistent/sustainedefforttodosth.,takegreatpainstodo(withwork/study)
影响学习/工作:
interferewithstudies/work
产生影响:
have/exertaprofoundinfluenceonlife/personality,haveadramatic/undesirableeffecton
较好地驾驭生活:
beabetterpilotofone'slife
剥夺机会/权力:
depriveoneselfofthechance/right/opportunity
取代就的方式:
substitutefor/taketheplaceoftheoldway
采取措施:
takeeffectivesteps/measuresto
控制我们的环境:
take/gainincreasingcontroloverourownenvironment
躲避危险/挑战:
shy/runawayfromthedangers/challenge
满足要求:
meet/satisfy/accommodatethedemandof
补偿损失:
compensatefor/makeupfortheloss/damage
解释某现象:
accountfor/explainthephenomenon
对……很好的了解:
haveabetterunderstanding/appreciationof,haveanewperspectiveon.provide/gainaninsightinto
把某因素考虑进去:
takesth.Intoaccount(consideration),givemuchthoughtto
品位人生/自由/青春:
savorthelife/freedom/youth
培养对……的信心:
develop/fosterone'sinterest/confidencein
经历变化/困难/艰险:
undergo/experiencegreatchanges/hardships/experience
表现出自信心等:
projectone'sconfidence/feeling/image
生活充满不公正的地方:
lifeisfullofminorirritation/injustice
追求学习/职业:
pursueone'sacademicinterest/professionalcareer
学习知识/技术:
pursue/acquireknowledge/technology/skill
被看作学习的……榜样:
beheldupasagoodexample
交流经验/知识:
shareexperience/ideas/problems/knowledge
发挥/起到重要作用:
playan(important/active/great)role/part
逃学/缺课:
skipschool/aclass/ameeting/alecture
知识/经验丰富:
richinknowledge/experience
确立/追求目标:
set/pursueagoal/higherstandard
到达目标:
achieve/accomplish/stainthegoal/aim/objective
克服困难:
overcomeobstacles/difficulty
面临危险/困难:
beconfronted/facedwith/inthefaceofdanger/difficulty
阻碍了成功:
standinthewayofsuccess,beanobstacle/barriertosuccess/growth
阻碍了发展:
hamper/impede/stuntthedevelopmentof
持传统的看法:
holdconventionalwisdom
发表看法:
voice/expressone'sopinion
持相反/合理的观点:
taketheopposite/freshview
揭穿某种一贯的说法:
shatterthemythof
求得帮助:
enlistone'ssupport/help
缩小差别:
bridge/narrow/fillthegap/gulf(betweencityandcountry)
把成功/错误归咎于:
attribute/ownthesuccess/failureto
对……重要:
beindispensable/important/vitalto
施加压力:
put/exertaacademicpressureon
重视:
assign/attachmuchimportance/significanceto
强调:
place/putmuchemphasis/stress/valueon
把注意力集中在:
focus/concentrateone'sattention/efforts/thoughtsupon
提供机会/信息:
provide/offer/furnishanopportunity/informationforsb.
抓住机会:
grab/seize/taketheopportunity
得到机会:
enjoy/gainaccesstoaopportunity/information
有可能:
thereis(little/much)possibility/likelihoodthat,chances/theoddsarethat
展开竞争:
competeagainst/withsb.fortheprize/position/control/themasteryof
开展运动:
conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising)campaign(for/against)
对我很有/没有什么意义:
makemuch/littlesensetome
带来无穷的幸福/满足:
beasourceofhappinesssatisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint
献身于:
devote/dedicate/commitoneselftoacause/career
大不(没什么)两样:
makemuch(little/no)difference
真正重要的是:
whatreallymatters/accountsis…
改变生活旅程:
change/alterthecourseoflife
建立在大量的学习/实践上:
builtontremendousamountofstudy/practice
进行调查/执行任务:
conduct/carryoutanstudy/task/experiment
辞去工作/学习:
leave/quitone'sjob/work/school
参加考试/竞赛等:
enter(for)theexamination/contest,race
参加活动/讨论:
takepart/participate/beengagedinsports/activities/discussion
影响思想/态度/事件的形成:
shapeone'sthinking/attitude
进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业:
enteraschool/college/society/theworkforce/professionals
实现自己的理想/愿望:
realize/fulfill/achieveone'sdream(hops/wish/desire)
减轻压力/紧张:
reduce/alleviate/relievethestress/pressure/tension
提高社会地位:
enhance/improve/upgradesocialstatus/position/standingrisetothepositionofleadership
提高技术/能力:
sharpen(increase/improve/enhance/boost)one'sskill/ability
加快/促进发展:
accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boostthedevelopmentof
随着生活节奏的加快:
withthequickeningpace/rhythm/tempoofmodernlife/society
开阔眼界/兴趣:
broadenone'sinterest/outlook,expand(broaden/enlarge)one'smentalhorizons
有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决:
contributemuch/little/greatly/toabetterunderstandingof/thepopularityof/thegrowthof/thesolutionof
有助于解决问题:
goalongwayto(towards)solvingtheproblem
迷恋名利/分数:
beobsessed/preoccupiedwithgrades/fame/fortune
把时间花/浪费在:
spend/wastetimedoingsth.,putinhoursdoingsth.
利用机会/技术:
make(full/better)useof/takeadvantageofopportunity/time,tap/harnesstechnologypotential/skills/talent
把知识/经验运用到…:
apply/putthetheory/knowledge/experience…topractice/dailylife/gooduse
取得进步:
makemuchprogress/strides/gainsin
充分发挥潜力/能力:
developone'sability/potentialtothefull,givefullplaytoone'sability
充满激情/渴望:
haveaburningdesire/agreatpassionfor
★Lesson2★
实例二99年6月真题
ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?
Outline:
1.有人认为读书要有选择
2.有人认为应当博览群书
3.我的想法
①11分
Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethinkthatreadingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeotherpeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthatreadingextensivelyisbetter.
Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectivelyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbadbooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureandknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadustothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshouldonlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadbooks.
But,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreadingextensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscanonlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebestbookonlycontainsonefieldofinformation.So,theycaneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,toreadmore”.Sotheybelievethatreadingextensivelyisbetter.
Tomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbookstoreadandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.Bythisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityofreading.
失分原因:
分段太少,语法错误太多
④14分
Howshouldweread?
Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?
Everyonehashisownview.
Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What’smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn’treadthem.Sincewecan’treadallthebooksandweshouldn’treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.
Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.
Who’sright?
Ithinkbothofthemhavesomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanyfields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.
失分原因:
结构失调,表述方式单一
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:
(启)ParagraphI:
(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点;
(2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。
(承)ParagraphII:
(1)提出一种观点或优点;
(2)本段的支持性分论点;
(3)本段总结(可以省略)。
(转)ParagraphIII:
(1)承上启下的过渡句;
(2)提出另一种观点或缺点;
(3)本段的支持性分论点
(4)本段总(可以省略)。
(合)ParagraphIV:
(1)平衡两种看法;
(2)给出自己的观点。
④14分
Howshouldweread?
Shouldwereadselectivelyorextensively?
Everyonehashisownview.(启)
注:
1.第一句提出问题,第二句提出两种见解
Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksarepublished.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.What’smore,therearemanybadbooksthatarepoisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn’treadthem.Sincewecan’treadallthebooksandweshouldn’treadbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.(承)
注:
1.本段总分总结构
2.theyarguethat=theythinkthat
3.withthedevelopmentof...
4.what'smore递进关系,moreover
Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethattoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhasmanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechancestosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbutknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,wemustreadextensively.(转)
注:
1.But转折词
2.theyemphasizethat=theythinkthat
3.today'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas现代社会今昔非比
4.许多知识awiderangeof/alargescopeof/much;获取知识acquire/getknowledge
5.knowsnoth