届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然人与环境含答案与解析.docx
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届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然人与环境含答案与解析
2022届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然
人与环境
一、七选五
(2021·福建莆田市·高二期末)InJapan,takingawalkinthewoodsor“forestbathing”istakenveryseriously.1.Thesecretisthatitdoesfarmorethanjustgivingyousomeexerciseandabitoffreshair.Therearesomeotherfantasticbenefits.
2.Notsurprisingly,awalkinthewoodshasproventobemoreofanattractiveactivitytopeoplewhoareoverweightthananhourinagym.Doctorsarenowsuggestingthatwalkinginthewoodsisafarhealthierwayforfatpeopletoexercisethanwalkingindoors.
Itcanalsogreatlyreduceyourbloodpressure.InJapan,researchershadonegroupofsubjectstakeawalkinawoodedareaandanothergroupinabuiltuparea.3.Theyfoundthesubjectsthathadtakenawalkinthewoodshadsignificantlylowerbloodpressurethanthosewhohadwalkedinanurbanarea.
Justbeingneartreescanreducedepression.4.InonestudycarriedoutinLondon,itwasfoundthatpeoplewholivedneartotreeshadmuchbettermentalhealth.Researchersdiscoveredthat,themoretreesthatcouldbefoundinanylocation,thefewerthenumberofpeoplewhowerebeingprescribedantidepressants(抗抑郁药).
Walkinginthewoodshasalreadybeenshowntoimprovebrainpower.Thatiswhythereiscurrentlyatrendtositekindergartensinwoodedareas.Researchershavefoundthat,childrenwhoplayinwoodedareasdevelopbettercognitive(认知的)skillsandarebetterequippedtobeabletoassessrisksanddangers.5.
A.Ithelpsyourecoverfromillness.
B.Itcanhelpoverweightpeopleloseweight.
C.Thathasbeenproveninstudiesconductedinbigcities.
D.WhathavetheJapanesediscoveredaboutwalkinginaforest?
E.Thentheycomparedtheirbloodpressurewhentheyreturned.
F.Whydoestheairinaforestcontainallkindsofbeneficialthings?
G.Italso,ofcourse,giveschildrenabetterappreciationofthenaturalworld.
二、阅读理解
A
(2021·江苏南京·高一期中)Sheepfarmerscanprofitbyplantingtreesandsellingcarboncredits,accordingtoanewstudy.ThereportbytheUniversityofSheffield,publishedinthejournalEnvironmentalResearch,suggeststhatfarmerswithmorethan60acresoflandcouldturnaprofitiftheirlandwerereturnedtoforestandtheyreceived£3pertonofCO2captured.Thefarmerscouldthensellthecarbon‘credits’tocompanieslookingtooffset(抵消)theiremissions(排放物),suchasairlines.
ThestudywasreleasedastheUKfarmingsectorpreparestomoveawayfromtheBasicPaymentSystemtothenewEnvironmentalLandManagementScheme(ELMS),whichfocusesonproducing‘publicgoods’,suchasrecoveringecosystems,flooddefensesandcarbonstorage.Carboncreditsarecurrentlybeingsoldfor£15perton,apricethatcouldmakeanyforestsizeprofitable,accordingtothestudy.TheresearchalsosuggeststhatiftheUKincreaseditstreecoverfrom8%to12%,theamountofcarbonemissionscapturedbyforestswouldincreaseby10%.
“SheepfarmingintheUKisnotprofitablewithoutsubsidies(补贴),butforestsdullsellcarboncreditscanbeeconomicallyworkable—soitmakessensefortheGovernmenttohelpfarmerstransition(过渡),”believesColinOsborne,theleadauthorofthestudy,“Intheend,thesecomedowntopoliticalquestionsofhowwewantourcountrysidetobeused,howwevaluelivestockproductionovertheglobalcostsofclimatebreakdownandhowtheGovernmentsupportsfarmersandruralcommunities.”
However,criticssaythatthestudyisfartoosimplistic,withtheNationalSheepAssociation(NSA)sayinglandmanagementshouldn’tonlyfocusoncarbonemissions,buthastobemulti-functional.SpeakingtoFarmersGuardian,NSACEOPhilStockersaysit’s“reallyeasyforscientiststojustifytheplantingofforeststhroughacarboncalculation(计算),becauseitiseasytomeasurehowmuchcarbonisinatreeandthenapplyanoffsetvalue”.
Mr.Stockernotesthatgrasslandcaneffectivelycapturecarbonandadds,“Iappreciatetreesasmuchasanyone,buttointroducepoliciestodestroygrasslandsbycreatingforestsisshort-sightedatbest.”
6.Whatisthenewstudyabout?
A.Forestsgivingwaytosheepfarming.
B.UKsheepfarmerspreferringtoplanttrees.
C.Sheepfarmerscontributinggreatlytoenvironmentalprotection.
D.UKsheepfarmersgettingpaidforreplacingtheirgrasslandwithforest.
7.WhatistheaimofthenewELMS?
A.Tohelpsheepfarmersgetricherandricher.
B.Tosupportthosesufferingfromnaturaldisasters.
C.Tousethelandinanenvironmentally-friendlyway.
D.Toencouragepeopletoplantmoretreesontheirland.
8.WhatdoColinOsborne’swordsfocuson?
A.TheroleoftheGovernment.B.Thefutureofsheepfarming.
C.Thecostsofclimatebreakdown.D.Theproblemsofruralcommunities.
9.WhichofthefollowingwouldPhilStockeragreewith?
A.Itismeaningfultomeasurecarbonemissions.
B.Itisunwisetoreplacegrasslandwithwoodland.
C.Subsidizingfarmershelpsimprovesoilquality.
D.Grasslandplaysamorevitalrolethanwoodland.
B
(2021·福建省连城县第一中学)"Youareveryawarethatifsomethinggoeswrong,itgoesverywrongveryquickly,"saysJoanneJohnson,speakingnearThwaitesGlacier(冰川)inoneoftheremotestpartsofAntarctica.Atthetime,sheandthreecolleagueswerealone,morethan1600kilometresfromthenearestresearchstation.Strongwindshadpoundedthemandithadsnowedheavily.Onthebrightside,fortunately,itwasmild,at-5℃.
Untilnow,fewerthan50peoplehavebeentothispartofWestAntarctica,lessthanhavebeentospace.Bytheendofthismonth,100willhavevisited.Thereasonissimple:
Thwaitesnowisapotentialtimebomb.
ThisvastglacierisaboutthesizeofGreatBritain.Whileithasbeenlesseningsincetheearly1990s,iceitlosthasalmostdoubledoverthepast20years.Itisfalling35billiontonnesayear.Onitsown,itscollapsewouldraiseseasbyaround65centimetres.Thatisworryingenoughinthecontextofthe19-cmriseinthewholeofthe20thcentury.ButthebiggerworryisthatthisglacierbuttressestheentireWestAntarcticicesheet.Thefearisthatitwillcauseawidercollapseoftheicesheet—enoughtoraiseseasbyadisastrous3.3metreswithinafewhundredyearsifThwaitesgoes.
Scientistsforthefirsttimedrilledintotheice;placinginstrumentsintotheiceistheonlywaytomakeaccurateforecastsofhowsealevelwillriseinthefuture.Thisyear'sworkhasalreadyconfirmedtheirfearsthough—warmoceanwaterthatcirclesAntarcticaisflowingtothecoastandbecausetheseabedtipsdownwards,astheicemelts(融化)itwillexposeincreasinglymoreicetothatwater,meaningtheglaciercoulddisappearincreasinglyrapidly.
JoanneJohnsonsaid,"WhathappensintheAntarcticdoesn'tstayintheAntarctic.Humanitycannotaffordtowait."
10.WhywillmorepeoplevisitThwaites?
A.TomeasureThwaites'size.B.TolocateThwaitesGlacier.
C.ToexploreWestAntarctica.D.TolearnaboutThwaites'melting.
11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"buttresses"inparagraph3mean?
A.Supports.B.Covers.
C.Damages.D.Balances.
12.What'sthepurposeofscientists'drillingintotheice?
A.Tofindoutthepositionoficemelting.
B.Topredicttheexactchangeofsealevel.
C.Tocalculatethespeedofwatercircling.
D.Topreventtheseabedfrommoving.
13.WhatdoesJoanneJohnsonmeaninthelastparagraph?
A.Antarcticisdestroyedbyoutsiders.
B.Antarcticisthefocusoftheproblem.
C.Thwaites'troublewillbecomeworldwide.
D.HumansshouldbeblamedforThwaites'crisis.
C
(2021·上海市实验学校高二期末)Therehas,inrecentyears,beenanoutpouringofinformationabouttheimpactofbuildingsonthenaturalenvironment.Informationwhichexplainsandpromotesgreenandsustainableconstructiondesignstrivestoconvinceothersofitseffectivenessandwarnsofthedangersofignoringtheissue.Seldomdothesedocumentsofferanyadvicetopractitioners,suchas(hosedesigningmechanicalandelectricalsystemsforabuilding,onhowtoutilizethisknowledgeonapracticallevel.
Whilethetermsgreenandsustainablearcoftenconsideredsynonymous,inthattheybothsymbolizenature,greendoesnotincludeallthatismeantbysustainability.Someelementsofgreendesignmaybesustainabletoo,forexamplethosewhichreduceenergyusageandpollution,whileothers,suchasensuringinternalairquality,maybeconsideredgreendespitehavingnoinfluenceontheecologicalbalance.
Althoughthereareagoodmanyadvocatesof'green'constructioninthearchitecturalindustry,thisisnotenoughtomakegreenconstructioncomeintobeing.Thedrivingforcebehindwhetherabuildingisconstructedwithminimalenvironmentalimpactlieswiththeownerofthebuilding;thatis,thepersonfinancingtheproject.Iftheownerconsidersgreendesignunimportant,orofsecondaryimportance,thenmorethanlikely,itwillnotbefactoredintothedesign.
The81nmissioning(委托)processplaysakeyroleinensuringtheownergetsthebuildinghewants,intermsofdesign,costsandrisk.Atthepredesignstage,theowner'sobjectives,criteriaandthetypeofdesignimaginedarediscussedanddocumented.Thisgivesadesignteamasolidfoundationonwhichtheycanbuildtheirideas,andalsoprovidesaspecificstandardagainstwhichindividualelements,suchascosts,designandenvironmentalimpactcanbejudged.
Insomecases,anownermaybeawareofthelatesttrendsinsustainablebuildingdesign.Hemayhavedoneresearchintoithimselforhemayhavebeeninformedofthemeritsofgreendesignthroughearlydiscussionwithprofessionals.However,firmsshouldnottakeitasreadthatsomeonecommissioningabuildingalreadyhasapreconceivedideaofhowgreenheintendsthestructuretobe.Indeed,thisinitialinteractionbetwe