浅谈提高阅读能力的技巧.docx

浅谈提高阅读能力的技巧.docx

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浅谈提高阅读能力的技巧

BriefTalkonSkillsofImprovingReadingAbility

[Abstract]ReadingisabasicabilityinlearningEnglish.Nomatterwhatpurposesthereaderhave,suchasfindingmaterials,gettinginformationorchattingonline,thereaderwillhavetoconnectwithEnglishcompositionsmorefrequentlyinallaspectsofthedailylife.Alotofspecialistshavestudiedhowtoimprovereadingskillsinmanyaspects.Thispaperanalyzesthreeaspectsofit.Inthecourseofreading,scanningandskimmingaregoodskillsthathelpustogetthemainideasofthecompositions.Besides,vocabularyisanimportantfactorandwecanguessorinferthemeaningofsomenewwordsanddifficultwordsthroughthewordstructureandcontextclues.Also,culturefactorsareessential,fortheyaffectourthinkingjudgment.Solongaswemastertheusefulskills,wewillincreaseourreadingspeedandcomprehension.

[KeyWords]scanning;skimming;guessingword;culturalfactors

浅谈提高阅读能力的技巧

【摘要】阅读是英语学习中的一个基本的技能。

人们有更多的机会接触到英语文章，无论是查阅资料，获取信息，还是娱乐休闲，上网聊天，人们所见到的英语文章越来越多，而文章所涉及到的范围也越来越广。

很多学者已在诸多领域对如何提高阅读技能作了研究。

这篇论文着重讲了三个方面。

阅读过程中，略读和寻读技巧是掌握文章大意的捷径。

此外，词汇是阅读中的重要因素之一。

我们可以通过词的结构和情景线索来猜新词和难词。

文化因素也很重要，因为它影响着我们的思维判断。

掌握这些有用的技巧，我们就能提高阅读的速度与增强理解力。

【关键词】寻读；略读；猜词；文化因素

1.Introduction

Withthedevelopmentofsociety,Englishreadingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.ItisnotthepossessionofexaminationsandpeoplehavemorechancestoreadEnglishcompositionsnowadays.Nomatterwhatpurposethereadershave,suchasfindingmaterials,gettinginformationorchattingonline,theywillhavetoconnectwithEnglishcompositionsmoreandmorefrequentlyinallaspectsoftheirdailylife.Asoneofthemaininternationallanguages,Englishisamustimportantlanguage.ConsideringthefouraspectsofEnglish—reading,writing,speakingandlistening,peopledomorereading.Whentheyarereading,theywillcomeacrossmanyproblems,forexample,newwords,theauthor’sintensionandsoon.“Masteringreadingskillswillhelpusgetmoreinformationfromanarticleasfastaspossible.”[1]R66Alotofspecialistshavestudiedthereadingskillsandstrategiesinmanyaspects.Here,thispaperistalkingaboutafewreadingskillsthatseemmoreimportant.

2. Skimmingandscanningskills

Goodreadersuseseveraltechniquestomaketheirreadingmoreeffective.“Studentsneedtomaketheirbrainsmoreabsorbentbyusingafewsimpleskillssuchasskimmingandscanning.”[2]R119Sotobeginwiththisissue,theyshouldknowaboutthetechniquesofskimmingandscanning.

2.1Skimming

 “Skimmingisawayofconvertingmaterialsquickly,withcomprehensionthatmaybecompleteenoughformanypurposes.Onemaynothavethetime,theinterest,ortheneedtoreadmanyitemscarefully.Ontheotherhand,itmaybeveryusefultoskimoversomethingquicklytogetthemainidea,tobuildupone’sgeneralbackgroundonatopic,ortosatisfyone’scuriosityaboutthetopicwithoutspendingalotoftimeonit.”[3]R120Inthisway,skimmingmeanstolookthroughaworkquicklytogetanoverviewofitscontents.Whentheyskimsomethingthattheyhaven’tyetread,theywillbeabletogetthemainideaofthecontentwithouthavingtoconcentrateondetails.Thenreaderscantellquicklywhattheywillfindwhentheyreadthematerialmoreslowlyandcarefully.

 Whenreaderslookoverthedailynewspapertofindoutthemainoutlines,theyareskimming.Iftheywanttodecidewhetherornottoreadacertainmagazinearticle,skimmingitwillhelpthemdecidebygivingthemanoverallimpressionofthearticle.

 Toskim,readerscanlookforoneormoreofthesefouraids:

subheadings,sentencesatthebeginningofparagraphs,wordsthatarerepeated,orwordsthatappearinaspecialkindoftype.Noteverythingtheysetouttoskimwillhavesubheadings,andnoteveryparagraphwillbeginwiththemostimportantsentence.Buteverythingtheyneedtoskimwillbewritten,sotheycanuseatleastoneofthefollowingaids.

2.1.1Subheadings

Whenreadersskimseveralpagesthathavesubheadings,theireyeswillstopattheseheadingsbecausetheyusuallyappearinadifferentkindoftypefromthetextortherestofthewordingonthepage,sopayingattentiontothesubheadingswillhelpthemgetanoverviewofwhatisonthepages.

2.1.2BeginningsofParagraphs

Iftherearenosubheadingstoguidethereaderswhentheyskim,theyshouldlookatthebeginningsofparagraphstoseeifthesesentencesgivecluesaboutthecontent.Intextbooksornewspapers,especially,thefirstsentenceofaparagraphtellsmoreaboutit.Therefore,iftheylookquicklyatthebeginningsoftheparagraphsonapage,theycanoftengetagoodideaofthecontentofthatpage.

2.1.3Wordsthatarerepeated

 Onewordcluetothecontentofmaterialtheyareskimmingisthattheimportantwords

areoftenrepeatedinvariousplacesonthepage.Iftheireyespickupthosewordsasthey

lookquicklyatthematerialtheyareskimming,theywillknowthatthecontentofthepageisprobablyaboutthewordsthatarerepeatedmostoften.

2.1.4Wordsthatappearinaspecialkindoftype

.Insomekindsofreading,especiallyintextbooks,importantwordsarehighlightedbyaspecialkindoftype（likeboldfaceoritalics）.Asthesewordsseemdifferentfromtheotherwords,theywillprobablycatchreaders’eyesastheylookquicklyatthepage.Whentheyareso,thematerialreadersareskimmingwilltellmoreaboutthoseparticularwords.

Whenonebeginstopracticeskimming,onemayfindthatitisnotfasterthannormalreading.However;throughpracticeoneshouldbeabletocovermaterialsattwoorfourtimestherateofnormalreadingwithcomprehensionthatwillbeenoughforone’spurposes.

2.2.Scanning

 “Scanningisareadingskilltofindaparticularpointofinformationquicklyinatext.”[4]R120Scanningisawayoflookingforspecificinformationquicklyandwithoutreadingwordbywordorphrasebyphrase.Beforethereadersstartscanning,theyneedtoknowwhatinformationtheyarelookingfor.Then,inscanningtheylookforthewordsorphrasesthatgivethemtheneededinformation.Sometimestheyreadinordertoansweraquestion.Whentheycometotheinformation,theymayslowdowntheirreadingspeedandreadthepassagetomakesuretheyhavefoundtherightinformationortoseeiftheywanttostartreadingmorecarefullyatthatpoint.

Scanningisveryusefulforreaderstoscanthetextforparticularbitsofinformationtheyaresearchingfor.Scanningtechniquesareparticularlyhelpfulwhentheywanttoconsultadictionary,lookingforacertainadvertisement,orfindingadataoraname,whentheylookfortheamountorthenumberofsomething,theysimplylookattheArabicnumerals,whentheywanttofindthenameofapersonoranorganization;theyjustscanforthewordsbeginningwithacapitalletter.Soscanningisquiteusefulforreaderswhowanttofindtheexactinformation.

Whetherreadersskimorscandependsonwhatkindoftexttheyarereadingandwhattheywanttogetoutofit.Sometimestheyshouldusebothofthetworeadingskillswhenreadingacomposition.

3.GuessingSkill

 “Wordsarethebuildingblocksofreading.”[5]R37Duringtheprocessofreading,readerswillcomeacrossnewwords.Someofthemdonotaffectthemduringreading,andthentheycanletthembe.Fastandeffectivereadingfirstasksthemto“tolerant”somenewwords,butwhentheycometoakeyword,theyneedtoknowthemeaning.Ofcourse,theyhavecertainlylearnedhowtouseadictionarytohelpthemfindthemeaningsofwordsandperhapstheyalsoknowthatthedictionarygivesthemadditionalinformation.Butinmyopinion,Idon’tthinkitisagoodwayusingadictionaryallthewayanditisnotconvenientandthebestwayforthemtouseadictionaryeveryday.Otherwise,itnotonlywastestheirtimeandenergy,butalsoslowsdownreadingspeed.Withoutadictionarytheystillmayknowthemeaningofthewordsbyguessingthroughthefollowingways.Andtheycanimprovetheirreadingskillsbywordanalysisandcontextclues.

3.1WordAnalysis

 ManyEnglishWordsarebuiltonrootsandaffixesofLatinandGreek.Byknowingthemeaningsofthesewordelementsandunderstandinghowtheycanbecombinedtomakewords,readerswillbeabletoincreasetheirvocabularyandbecomeabetterreader.Inwordanalysis,theymaybreakdowntheunknownwordsintothreeparts.Thebeginningisprefix,themiddleisroot,andtheendissuffix.Hereisanexample:

Prefix       root           suffix

Per          sist           ence

（Through）     （Stand）          n.

 Rootsandaffixesarethesmallunitsthatcanbecombinedinvariouswaystomakeavarietyofwords.Furthermore,rootsandaffixesareconstantinmeaning—theyneverchangewhattheymean.Forexample,thewordelement“tri”alwaysmeans“three”andthewordelement“able”alwaysmeans“capable.”Therefore,whenreaderslearnsomeoftheseelements,theirvocabularyincreaseanditisalsoveryskillfulforthemtoguessthemeaningofthewords.Toimprovetheirreadingskills,theyshouldmastertheskillofguessingmeaningandmakegooduseofprefixandsuffix.

3.1.1Prefix

AccordingtoAcomprehensiveGrammaroftheEnglishLanguage（byQuirketal,1985）,majorprefixesareclassifiedintothefollowingcategoriesbytheirmeaning：

[6]R76

（ⅰ）.Negativeprefixes

  Prefixes           meaning         examples

Un-                not            unhappy

Non-              　not               nonsmoker

（ⅱ）pejorativeprefixes

 Prefixes            meaning              examples

 Mis-               wrongly              mislead

Pseudo-            false                 pseudo-democracy

（ⅲ）prefixesof