argument官方范文.docx

argument官方范文.docx

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argument官方范文

Argument官方主题范文36篇

SixmonthsagotheregionofForestvilleincreasedthespeedlimitforvehiclestravelingontheregion'shighwaysbytenmilesperhour.Sincethatchangetookeffect,thenumberofautomobileaccidentsinthatregionhasincreasedby15percent.ButthespeedlimitinElmsford,aregionneighboringForestville,remainedunchanged,andautomobileaccidentsdeclinedslightlyduringthesamesix-monthperiod.Therefore,ifthecitizensofForestvillewanttoreducethenumberofautomobileaccidentsontheregion'shighways,theyshouldcampaigntoreduceForestville'sspeedlimittowhatitwasbeforetheincrease.

6分：

Theagrumentiswell-presented,butnotthoroughlywell-reasoned.BymakingacomparisonoftheregionofForestville,thetownwiththehigherspeedlimitandthereforeautomobileaccidents,withtheregionofElmsford,anareaofalowerspeedlimitandsubsequentlyfeweraccidents,theargumentforreducingForestville'sspeedlimitsinordertodecreaseaccidentsseemslogical.

However,thecitizensofForestvillearefailingtoconsiderotherpossiblealternativestotheincreasingcaraccidentsaftertheraiseinspeedlimit.SuchalternativesmayincludethefactthattherearelessreliablecarstravelingtheroadsinForestville,orthattheagebracketofthoseinElmsfordmaybemoreconducivetodrivingsafely.Itispossiblethattherearemoreyounger,inexperienced,ormoreelderly,unsafedriversinForestvillethanthereareinElmsford.Inaddition,thecitizenshavefailedtoconsiderthegeographicalandphysicalterrainofthetwodifferentareas.PerhapsForestville'shighwayisinanareaofmoredangerouscurves,sharpturns,orhasmanyintersectionsormergingpointswhereaccidentsaremorelikelytooccur.Itappearsreasonable,therefore,forthecitizenstofocusonthesetroublespotsthantoreducethespeedintheentirearea.Elmsfordmaybeanareaofeasierdrivingconditionswhereaccidentsarelesslikelytooccurregardlessofthespeedlimit.

Asix-monthperiodisnotaparticularlylongtimeframeforthecitizenstodeterminethatspeedlimithasinfluencedthenumberofautomobileaccidentsinthearea.ItismentionedintheargumentthatElmsfordaccidentsdecreasedduringthetimeperiod.Thismayhavebeenatime,suchasduringharshweatherconditions,whenlesspeopleweredrivingontheroadandthereforethenumberofaccidentsdecreased.However,Forestvillecitizens,perhapscoercedbyemploymentorotherrequirements,wereunabletoavoiddrivingontheroads.Again,thedemographicsofthepopulationareimportant.ItispossiblethatElmsfordcitizensdonothavetotravelfarfromworkorworkfromtheirhome,ordonotworkatall.AretheremorepeopleinForestvillethanthereweresicmonthsago?

Ifso,theremaybeanincreasednumberofaccidentsduetomoreautomobilesontheroad,andnotduetotheincreasedspeedlimits.Alsoinreferencetotheactivitiesofthepopulation,itispossiblethatForestvilleinhabitantsweretravelingduringlesssafetimesoftheday,suchasearlyinthemorning,orduringtwilight.WorkorfamilyhabitsmayhaveencouragedcitizenstodriveduringthistimewhenElmsfordresidentsmaynothavebeenforcedtodoso.

Overall,thereasoningbehinddecreasingForestville'sspeedlimitbacktoitsoriginalseemslogicalaspresentedabovesincethecitizensareactingintheirownbestinterestsandwanttoprotecttheirsafety.However,beforeanyfinaldecisionsaremadeaboutthereductioninspeedlimit,thecitizensandofficialsofForestvilleshouldevaluateallpossiblealternativesandcausesfortheincreasednumberofaccidentsoverthesix-monthperiodascomparedtoElmsford.

COMMENTARY

Thisoutstandingessaybeginsbynotingthattheargument"seemslogical."Itthenproceedstodiscusspossiblealternativeexplanationsfortheincreaseincaraccidentsandprovidesanimpressivelyfullanalysis.Alternativesmentionedarethat

--thetworegionsmighthavedriversofdifferentagesandexperience;

--Forestville'stopography,geography,cars,and/orroadsmight

contributetoaccidents;

--sixmonthsmightbeaninsufficientamountoftimefordetermining

thatthespeedlimitislinkedtotheaccidentrate;

--demographicsmightplayaroleinautoaccidents;

--populationandautodensityshouldbeconsidered;and

--thetimesofdaywhendriversinthetworegionstravelmightberelevant.

Thepointsarecogentlydevelopedandarelinkedinsuchawayastocreatealogicallyorganizedessay.Transitionstogetherwithinteriorconnectionscreateasmoothlyintegratedpresentation.Forthemostpart,thewriteruseslanguagecorrectlyandwellandprovidesexcellentvarietyinsyntax.Theminorflaws（e.g.,using"less"insteadof"fewer"）donotdetractfromtheoverallhighqualityofthecritique.Thisisanimpressive6paper.

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TheargumentabovepresentsasoundcaseforarguingthatiftheregionofForestvillewantstoreducethenumberofautomobileaccidentsontheregion'shighways,theyshouldconsiderreducingthespeedlimittowhatitwasbeforetheincreaseinspeedlimittookplace6monthspreviously.However,therearesomeintermediatestepsthatonecouldtakebeforejumpingtotheconclusionthatreducingthespeedlimitistheonlywayinwhichtrafficaccidentscanbereduced.

Firstofall,Iwouldexaminetheactualnumberoftrafficaccidentsthatoccurredbeforeandafterthespeedlimitincreaseandcomparethistothesizeoftheregionanditsdrivingpopulation.Forexample,iftheForestvilleregion'sdrivingpopulationis1millionpeople,andthetrafficaccidentsfora6-monthperiodbeforethespeedincreasetotaled100,thenthe15%increasewouldamounttoanadditional16trafficaccidents,or116total.Forapopulationof1million,theremaybeothersolutionstothisincreasebesidesreducingthespeedlimittowhatitwas.（ThecomparisontotheregionofElmsfordwouldonlybehelpfuliftheregionsdrivingdemographyiscomparableintermsofsizeandscope.）Apubliceducationcampaignemphasizingdriversafetyandsafedrivingtechniquesmaysufficetoreducethenumberoftrafficaccidents.Especiallyconsideringthatifthenumberofaccidentsrelativetothepopulationissomewhatsmall,itisafairlysafedrivingpopulationanyway.

Inaddition,Iwouldconsiderlengtheningthetimeofthestudy.Sixmonthsmaybearelativelyshortperiodoftimeforwhichtostudytherateoftrafficaccidents.Uponacloserexaminationofwhentheaccidentsoccurred,onemightascertainthatmostofthedrivingaccidentsoccurredwithinamonthofraisingthespeedlimit,butthattherehavebeenrelativelyfewadditionalaccidentssincethatfirstphase-inperiod.Lengtheningthestudytoaone-yearperiodwouldhelpadjustforanyuntypicalstatisticsandpaintamoreaccuratepictureofthelong-termaffectsofthespeedlimitincrease.

Iwouldalsoexaminewhatelsewasoccurringintheregionduringtheperiodofthestudy.Forexample,wasthereamajorhighwayconstructionprojecthappeningduringthistimewhichwouldhaveaddedtotheunsafenatureofraodtravel?

Arethereanyalternativeexplanationsforwhytheincreaseintrafficaccidentscouldhaveoccurred,oristheincreaseinspeedlimitthesolevariable?

Lookingatthetypeofaccidentsthatoccurred,Iwouldexaminewhetherthesearethetypesofcaraccidentsonewouldexpectfromtravelingatafasterspeedtocorroboratethecauseandeffectrelationship.

COMMENTARY

Asinthesample6essay,thiswriterseessomelogicinassumingaconnectionbetweenthehigherspeedlimitinForestvilleandtheincreaseinautoaccidents.Unlikethesample6essay,thisresponseisneitherasexhaustiveinitsanalysisnorasimpressivelydeveloped.Thewritermakesthesepointsinthecritique:

--Astatisticalanalysismightsuggestthatthe15%increasein

accidentsisnotassignificantasitmightseem.

--Acarsafetyeducationcampaignmightbeabetterwaytosolvethe

problem.

--Asixmonthperiodmightbetooshortatimeonwhichtobasemajor

conclusions.

--Otherfactorscouldhavecausedtheincreaseinaccidents.

Althougheachofthesepointsisdevelopedandsensiblysupported,thecritiqueisnotsufficientlyfulltowarrantascoreof6.Theessaydemonstratesgoodcontrolbutnotmasteryoftheelementsofwriting:

itcontainsgoodvarietyinsyntax,includingeffectiveuseofrhetoricalquestions.Theoccasionalflaws（e.g.,thesomewhatgarbledsyntaxinparagraph3:

".?

?

爐imeforwhichtostudytherate?

?

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"）donotdetractfromtheoverallstrongqualityoftheessay.Forallofthesereasons,thiscritiqueisstrongbutnotoutstanding,andthusmeritsascoreof5.

4、

Atfirstlook,thisseemstobeaverywellpresentedarguement.Alogicalpathisfollowedthroughouttheparagraphandtheconclusionisexpected.However,uponasecondconsideration,itisapparentthatallpossibilitieswerenotconsideredwhentheauthorpresentedhisconclusion（oratleastthats/hedidnotpresentallofthepossibilities）.TherearenumerouspotentialexplanationsforwhythenumberofaccidentsinElmsforddecreasedwhilethenumberinForestvilleincreased.Althoughitseemslogicaltoassumethatthedifferenceinthepercentageofaccidentswasduetothedifferenceinwhetherornotthespeedlimithadbeenincreasedduringthespecifiedmonth,thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthespeedlimitshouldbereducedbacktowhatitoriginallywasinForestville.Theauthordoesnotstatetwospecificpiecesofinformationthatareimportantbeforeaconclusionsuchastheonetheauthormadeissound.Thefirstisthatitisnotexpressedwhetherthespeedlimitsint