英语语法框架详细总结.docx

英语语法框架详细总结.docx

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英语语法框架详细总结

英语语法框架-详细总结

一、词法

Ø数量：

10大类

Ø分类依据：

形式特征、意义、句法作用

词类

定义

例词

实词

Notional

word

名词

Noun

表示事物名称的词

Market,people,water,information

代词

Pronoun

代替名词或名词所有格的词

I,me,we,your,hers,all,nothing

动词

Verb

表示动作或状态的词

Are,do,go,eat

形容词

Adjective

表示人或事物性质特征的词

Young,fast,excellent

副词

Adverb

表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词

Very,well,always

数词

Numeral

表示数目或顺序的词

One,first,thousand

谓语predicate——

主语的动作或状态

实意动词

联系动词

Notionalverb

Linkingverb

Weplantoreviewourlessonsinthreemonths.

WeareChinese.

宾语object——

及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容

名词

人称代词

反身代词

指示代词

疑问代词

不定代词

物主代词

相互代词

Noun

Personalpronoun

Reflexivepronoun

Demonstrativepronoun

Interrogativepronoun

Infinitivepronoun

Possessivepronoun

Reciprocalpronoun

NowadaysmanyforeignersarelearningChinese.

Hefoolsusall.

Believeinyourself.

Ithankyouwilllikethis.

Whoareyouwaitingfor?

Theygoteverythingtheywant.

Heisanoldfriendsofhers.

Weshouldlearntorespecteachother.

宾语补足语

objectcomplement——

宾语之后，补充说明

形容词

副词

名词

介词短语

不定式

现在分词

过去分词

Adjective

Adverb

Noun

Prepositionalphrase

Infinitive

Presentparticiple

Pastparticiple

Thatnewswillmakemotherhappy.

Letmeshowyouout.

WechoseTomourmonitor.

Jerryfoundhiminastrangeworld.

DonotforcemetodoanythingIdon’tlike.

Don’tkeepmewaitingtoolong.

Theyranawayandlefttheworkunfinished.

表语predictive——

说明主语，“补足语”

形容词

副词

指示代词

疑问代词

不定代词

基数词

序数词

介词短语

不定式

动名词

现在分词

过去分词

从句

Adjective

Adverb

Demonstrativepronoun

Interrogativepronoun

Indefinitepronoun

Cardinalnumeral

Ordinalnumeral

Prepositionalphrase

Infinitive

Gerund

Presentparticiple

Pastparticiple

clause

Themountainsaregreen.

Timeisup.

WhatIwantisthis.

Iwanderwhoyouare.

Itisnothingserious.

Twoplustwoisfour.

Mymotherisalwaysthefirsttogetup.

Thewatchisjustunderthetable.

Myjobistocleantheroad.

Hisbobbyiscollectingstamps.

Theresultisdisappointing.

Wearedisappointedtotheresult.

ThatiswhatIQmeans.

定语attribute——

修饰名词或代词

名词

形容词

副词

物主代词

指示代词

疑问代词

不定代词

基数词

序数词

介词短语

不定式

动名词

现在分词

过去分词

从句

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

Possessivepronoun

Demonstrativepronoun

Interrogativepronoun

Indefinitepronoun

Cardinalnumeral

Ordinalnumeral

Prepositionalphrase

Infinitive

Gerund

Presentparticiple

Pastparticiple

clause

Heworksinacarfactory.

Nowtheworldisjustlikeasmallvillage.

Thenativethereareveryfriendly.

Theirinventionwontheworldprize.

Thesewildplantsarewellprotected.

Whichriveristhelongestintheworld?

Bothhisparentsaredoctors.

Theorganizationcontainseightcountries.

Hewasthefifthplayertoreceivethehonor.

Manysecretsinspaceremainunknown.

SoIhavenothingtosayformyself.

Iboughtawalkingstickformygrandfather.

Tomgotinjuredbyafallingtree.

Theyreachedanoldhousebuilt200yearsago.

Thosewhodrinkwaterwillnotforgetthepeoplewhodigthewell.

状语adverbial——

位置随意，修饰任意

动词、副词、形容词

从句、全句

名词

形容词

副词

不定式

现在分词

过去分词

介词短语

从句

独立主格

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

Infinitive

Presentparticiple

Pastparticiple

Prepositionalphrase

Clause

nominativeabsolutestructure

LiMingisoneyearoldthanI.

Thetravelerscameback,safeandsound.

Thesonoftenwritetohisparents.

Motherwenttobuysomethinginthemarket.

Hestoodup,lookingatthebosscoldly.

Ledbythenatives,wefoundtheoldcastle.

Fromthespacetheastronautsawablueglobe.

Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.

Weatherpermitting,wewillgofora

同位语appositive——

前名词、代词的具体内容

名词

代词

数词

从句

Noun

Pronoun

Numeral

clause

MissWu,ourEnglishteacher,iskindtous.

TheyeachhaveaPC.

Ihavepreparedanicedinnerforyoutwo.

We’vegotthenewsthatourteamwonthematch.

1.句子类别

Ø分类：

按使用目的、按结构

（1）按使用目的：

陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

类别

例句

陈述句

Declarative

sentence

肯定句

Assertivesentence

HisnamewasPangu.

Shebegansearchingforthatsomething.

否定句

Negativesentence

Icannotagreewithyou.

Itdoesn’tmatter.

疑问句

Question

sentence

一般疑问句

Generalquestion

DidItalywintheWorldCap?

Isthatfilminteresting?

特殊疑问句

Specialquestion

Whatisyourname?

Wherecanyoufindtheanswer、

选择疑问句

Alternativequestion

Areyouateacherorastudent？

Doyoulikecoffeeortea？

反义疑问句

Disjunctivequestion

Itisfineday,isn’tit?

Nooneacceptedyouroffer,didthey?

祈使句

imperativesentence

Donottakeeverythingforgranted!

Followme,please.

感叹句

exclamatorysentence

Whatagoodteacherheis!

Howgoodateacherheis!

（2）按结构：

简单句、并列句、复合句

类别

例句

简单句simplesentence

5种基本类型

S+VI

Thesunrisesintheeast.

S+VT+O

Manyfamilieskeeppets.

S+V+C

Chinaisstilladevelopingcountry.

S+VT+O1+O2

Hesentmeane-mailyesterday.

S+VT+O+C

Mygirlalwaysmakesmehappy.

并列句

Coordinatesentence

HelikestowatchTVbutIliketoreadbooks.

Youcandoyourhomeworkfirstandthenyoucanplaywithyourfriends.

复合句

Complexsentence

名词性从句

Nounclause

主语从句subject

宾语从句object

表语从句predicative

同位语从句appositive

Whatyousaidistrue.

Youknewthatbeautyshouldbenatural.

ThatiswhenIstudied.

Hemadeapromisethathewouldcomeback.

状语从句

Adverbialclause

时间状语time

条件状语condition

原因状语cause

目的状语purpose

结果状语result

地点状语place

让步状语concession

方式状语manner

比较状语comparison

Wehavefinishedtheworkbeforethecame.

Ifitrains,wehavetostayathome.

Shewasabsentbecauseshewasill.

Helefthomeearlyinorderthathecouldwork.

Tomwassotiredthathefellbehind.

LucyfoundherMP3whereshelostit.

ThoughIampoor,Iamhappy.

DoitasIdo.

YouarestrongerthanIam.

定语从句

attributiveclause

Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketball?

ThisistheresultthatIwanted.

Hopeisagoodthing,maybethebestofthings,andnogoodthingeverdies.

希望是美好的，也许是人间至至美；美好的事物永不消逝。

-肖申克的救赎