高考英语《阅读理解的综合》专项训练及答案.docx

高考英语《阅读理解的综合》专项训练及答案.docx

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高考英语《阅读理解的综合》专项训练及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   "Whatkindofrubbishareyou?

"Thisquestionmightnormallycauseanger,butinShanghaiitwasbroughtaboutwearycomplaintsoverthepastfewmonths.OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstrictrubbish-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatecategoriesandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurethatrulesareobeyedandtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish.

   Violatorscouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan（$29）.Forrepeatviolators,thecitycanaddblackmarkstotheircreditrecords,makingitharderforthemtoobtainhankloansorevenbuytraintickets.

   Shanghaiauthoritiesarerespondingtoobviousenvironmentalproblem.Itproduces9milliontonsofgarbageayear.Butlikeothercitiesinchina,itlacksarecyclingsystem.Instead,ithasreliedonrubbishpickerstopickoutwhatevercanbereused.Thishaslimits.Aspeoplegetwealthier,fewerofthemwanttodosuchdirtywork.Thewaste,meanwhile,justkeepspilingup.Chinaproduces80billionpairsofone-offchopsticksayear.

   Manycitizensappeartosupporttheideaofrecyclingingeneralbutarefrustratedbythedetails.Rubbishmustbedividedaccordingtowhetheritisfood,recyclable,dryorhazardous（有害的）,thedistinctionsamongwhichcanbeconfusing,thoughthereareappstohelpworkitout.Somehavecomplainedabouttherulessurroundingfoodwaste.Theymustputitstraightintherequiredpublicbin,forcingthemtotearopenplasticbagsandtoss（投掷）itbyhand,Mostannoyingaretheshortperiodsforthrowingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.Alongwiththemonitorsatthebins,thismeansthatpeoplegoataroundthesametimeandcankeepaneyeonwhatisbeingthrownout;noonewantstolookbad.

（1）What'sthepurposeofParagraph1?

A. Tocomplainaboutrubbishdividing.

B. Toexplainthefourcategoriesofthewaste.

C. Tointroducetherulesonwastesorting.

D. Toshowthegoalofrubbish,sortingregulations.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Violators"inParagraph2referto?

A. Peoplewhodon'tpayfortraintickets.           

B. Peoplewhoarguewiththemonitors.

C. Peoplewhoobtainbankloans.                      

D. Peoplewhoareagainsttheregulations.

（3）Whatmakesthecitizensupsetmostabouttherules?

A. Complexdistinctionamongthefourcategoriesofrubbish.

B. Shortscheduledtimefortossingrubbish.

C. Beingobservedbymonitorswhenthrowingthegarbage.

D. Beingfinedwhenblamedduetoimproperbehavior.

（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. ARestartofWaste-sorting                              

B. ANewAgeofGarbageClassification

C. LearningtoClassifyRubbish                           

D. Rubbish-sortingBenefitstheWorld

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。

文章说明了垃圾分类规定的部分内容以及违反者将面临的处罚，这项政策出台的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民们对此政策的看法和态度。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatecategoriesandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurethatrulesareobeyedandtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish.”市民必须将垃圾分为四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。

他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保规则得到遵守，并检查垃圾的性质。

可知主要是在说明垃圾分类的相关规定，故第一段的目的是介绍垃圾分类的规则。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Theycouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan（$29）.”他们将面临最高200元（29美元）的罚款。

可推测他们此处指违反垃圾分类规定的人们，故划线单词意思为“违反规定的人”，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Mostupsetaretheshortwindowsforthrowingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.”最让人心烦的是扔垃圾的短暂开放期，通常是早上和晚上的几个小时，可知，扔垃圾的时间很短让居民对这些规定最不满。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstricttrash-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Residentsmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatekindsandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecomplianceandtoinquireintothenatureofone'srubbish.”7月1日，该市出台了严格的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。

居民必须将他们的垃圾分成四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。

他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保遵守和调查一个人的垃圾的性质）以及文章主要内容围绕着上海垃圾分类规定标志着一个垃圾分类的新时代的开始而展开，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   NASAhasanewjoblisting,andit'snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora"joker"tojointheirplannedmissiontoMars.

   AmissiontoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,theredplanetis140millionmiles（225millionkilometers）awayfromEarth.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspacecraft.AndMarshasacommunicationsdelayof20minutes.Thismeansthatastronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareply,whenanemergencyhappens.

   "Whenyou'relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongperiodoftime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemsarelikelytooccur,"JeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida,toldTheGuardian.

   ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumor."Thesearepeoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,"Johnsonsaid.

   Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.

   Thereareotherexamplesofteam"clowns".OneexampleisthejourneytotheSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen.Itwasadifficultjourneyfullofdanger.AdolfLindstrom,acookatAmundsen'steam,wasa"clown".Hemadepeoplelaughthroughthewholejourney.AmundsenlaterwrotethatLindstromwasthemostvaluablememberoftheteam.

   Butifyou'rehopingthatyourfavoriteTVcomedianwillflytoMars,thatprobablywon'thappen.

   "Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,"Johnsonsaid."Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer."

   Besides,theymustbeintopphysicalcondition.

（1）WhatisNASA'snewjoblisting?

A. Afunnyengineer.       

B. Atalentedclown.       

C. Agoodcook.       

D. Apopularcomedian.

（2）Whatdoes"aconfinedspace"inParagraph3referto?

A. afullspace               

B. anemptyspace               

C. anopenspace               

D. asmallspace.

（3）Howdoestheauthorthinkhumorcanhelpastronauts?

A. Itcanstopthemfromfeelingbored.              B. Itcanpromoteteamworkonamission.

C. Itcanmakethemfeellesshomesick.             

D. Itcanhelpthemknowthemselvesbetter.

（4）What'stheauthor'spurposeofgivingtheexampleofthecook?

A. Totellusthatwhatexplorerseatontheirjourneyisveryimportant.

B. Toprovethatanamateurcanplayamoreimportantrolethanaprofessional.

C. Tomakethepointthathumorouspeoplecancheerpeopleupindifficultsituations.

D. TorevealthatamissiontoMarsismoredifficultthanajourneytotheSouthPole.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由美国宇航局寻找一位幽默的工程师来和宇航员一起执行航天任务介绍了幽默对宇航员的重要作用。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“‘Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,’Johnsonsaid.‘Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer.’”可知，美国宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程师，故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“suchasonamissiontoMars,”可知，与在地球上生活的宽广空间不同，在火星任务中，你需要和其他人一起在狭小的航天器内生活很长一段时间，由此可知画线词词义为“狭小的空间、有限的空间”，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Theseare.peoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,”可知，幽默的人有能力把每个人都团结在一起，也就是说幽默能够促进宇航员在任务中的团队合作，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.”可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话又说有很多团队小丑的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点，即：

幽默的人能使人在困难的情况下振作起来，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   AuniversityinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,hasinstalledfacialrecognitionsystemsinclassroomstomonitorstudents'behavior,sparkingaheateddebateonline.ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityrecentlyinstalledthesystemsintwopilotclassroomsaswellasschoolgates,dormitoryentrances,thelibraryandlaboratorybuildings.

   XuJianzhen,directoroftheuniversity'slibraryandinformationcenter,toldTbePthatthesystemswillhelpteacherscheckstudentattendanceandmonitorbehaviorduringthelectures."Inthepast,somestudentsjustcheckedtheirattendanceandditchedtheclassoraskedotherstudentstochecktheattendanceforthem.Nowwithfacialrecognition,thatwouldnolongerbeaproblem,"hesaid."Themomentyouentertheclassroom,thecamerawillmonitoryouallthewaythroughandcantellhowlongyouloweryourhead,whetheryou'replayingwithasmartphone,whetheryou'redozingofforreadingotherbooks,"headded.

   ThenewshasraisedwidedebateonChinesesocialmedia,withmanyquestioningifthecameraswillviolatestudents'privacy.ASinaWeibousersaid:

"Iopposesuchmethods,anditisnotclearwhetherthesystemsaredevelopedbytheschoolitselforbythirdparties.Ifitisthelatter,isthereanyregulationofsecurity?

Wherewilltheinformationbesentandstored?

"

   GanXiangsi,aseniorstudentfromtheuniversity,saidshewelcomedthesystemsbeingappliedindormitoriesandlibrariesasthiscanhelppreventpersonalbelongingsbeingstolen，butitisnotnecessarytousesuchtechnologyintheclassroom."Iftheteacherteacheswell，thestudentswillbeinterested,"shesaid."Onthecontrary,thiskindofmonitoringwillmakeeveryonefeelresistant."

   ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityisnotthefirstuniversitytousefacialrecognitiontechnologyoncampus.Manyuniversitiesacrossthecountryhaveinstalledcamerasatcampusentrancestoensuresafety.Butmanyarealsohesitantwhenitcomestoapplyingsuchtechnologyinclassrooms.