《英国文学简史》完整版笔记.docx

《英国文学简史》完整版笔记.docx

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《英国文学简史》完整版笔记

Chapter4EnglishLiteratureofthe17thCenturyI.AHistorical

Background

II.TheOverviewoftheLiterature（1640-1688）

1.Therevolutionperiod

（1）Themetaphysicalpoets;

（2）TheCavalierpoets.

（3）Milton:

theliteraryandphilosophicalheritageoftheRenaissaneemergedwithProtestantpoliticalandmoralconviction

2.Therestorationperiod.

（1）TherestorationofCharlesIIusheredinaliteraturecharacterizedbyreason,moderation,goodtaste,deftmanagement,andsimplicity.（schoolofBenJonson）

（3）Thegreatphilosophicalandpoliticaltreatisesofthetimeemphasizerationalism.

（4）Therestorationdrama.

（5）TheAgeofDryden.

III.JohnMilton

1.Life:

educatedat—visitingthecontinent—invoIvedintotherevolution—persecuted—writingepics.

2.Literarycareer.

（1）The1stperiodwasupto1641,duringwhichtimeheistobeseenchieflyasasonofthehumanistsandElizabethans,althoughhisPuritanismisnotabsent.L'AllegreandILPenseroso（1632）arehisearlymasterpieces,inwhichwefindMiltonatrueoffspringoftheRenaissanee,ascholarofexquisitetasteandrareculture.NextcameComus,amasque.ThegreatestofearlycreationswasLycidas,apastoralelegyonthedeathofacollegemate,EdwardKing.

3.MajorWorks

（1）ParadiseLost

a.theplot.

b.characters.

c.theme:

justifythewaysofGodtoman.

（2）ParadiseRegained.

（3）SamsonAgonistes.

4.Featuresof'sworks.

（1）MiltonisoneoftheveryfewtrulygreatEnglishwriterswhoisalsoaprominentfigureinpolitics,andwhoisbothagreatpoetandanimportantprosewriter.ThetwomostessentialthingstoberememberedabouthimarehisPuritanismandhisrepublicanism.

（2）Miltonwrotemanydifferenttypesofpoetry.Heisespeciallyagreatmasterofblankverse.HelearnedmuchfromShakespeareandfirstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks.

（3）Miltonisagreatstylist.Heisfamousforhisgrandstylenotedforitsdignityandpolish,whichistheresultofhislife-longclassicalandbiblicalstudy.

（4）Miltonhasalwaysbeenadmiredforhissublimityofthoughtandmajestyofexpression.

IV.JohnBunyan

1.Life:

（1）puritanage;

（2）poorfamily;

（3）parliamentaryarmy;

（4）Baptistsociety,preacher;

（5）prison,writingthebook.

2.ThePilgrimProgress

（1）Theallegoryindreamform.

（2）theplot.

（3）thetheme.

V.MetaphysicalPoetsandCavalierPoets.

1.MetaphysicalPoets

2.CavalierPoets

TheothergroupprevailinginthisperiodwasthatofCavalierpoets.Theywereoftencourtierswhostoodonthesideoftheking,andcalledthemselvesBenJonson.TheCavalierpoetswrotelightpoetry,polishedandelegant,amorousandgay,butoftensuperficial.Mostoftheirverseswereshortsongs,prettymadrigals,lovefanciescharacterizedbylightnessofheartandofmorals.CavalierpoemshavethelimpidityoftheElizabethanlyricwithoutitsimaginativeflights.TheyarelighterandneaterbutlessfreshthantheElizabethan's.

VI.JohnDryden.

1.Life:

（1）

（2）

therepresentativeofclassicismintheRestoration.

（3）

changeableinattitude.

poet,dramatist,critic,prosewriter,satirist.

（4）Literarycareer—fourdecades.

（5）PoetLaureate

2.Hisinfluences.

（1）Heestablishedtheheroiccoupletasthefashionforsatiric,didactic,anddescriptivepoetry.

（2）Hedevelopedadirectandconciseprosestyle.

（3）Hedevelopedtheartofliterarycriticisminhisessaysandinthenumerousprefacestohispoems.

Chapter5EnglishLiteratureofthe18thCentury

I.Introduction

1.TheHistoricalBackground.

2.Theliteraryoverview.

（1）TheEnlightenment.

（2）TheriseofEnglishnovels.

Whentheliteraryhistorianseekstoassigntoeachageitsfavouriteformofliterature,hefindsnodifficultyindealingwithourowntime.AstheMiddleAgesdelightedinlongromanticnarrativepoems,theElizabethansindrama,theEnglishmanofthereignsofAnneandtheearlyGeorgesindidacticandsatiricalverse,sothepublicofourdayisenamoredofthenovel.Almostalltypesofliteraryproductioncontinuetoappear,butwhetherwejudgefromthelistsofpublishers,thestatisticsofpubliclibraries,orgeneralconversation,wefindabundantevideneeoftheenormouspreponderaneeofthiskindofliteraryentertainmentinpopularfavor.

（3）Neo-classicism:

arevivalintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturiesofclassicalstandardsoforder,balanee,andharmonyinliterature.JohnDrydenandAlexanderPopeweremajorexponentsoftheneo-classicalschool.

（4）Satiricliterature.

（5）Sentimentalism

II.Neo-classicism.（ageneraldescription）

1.AlexanderPope

（1）Life:

a.Catholicfamily;

b.illhealth;

c.taughthimselfbyreadingandtranslating;

d.friendofAddison,SteeleandSwift.

（2）threegroupsofpoems:

e.AnEssayonCriticism（manifestoofneo-classicism）;

f.TheRapeofLock;

g.Translationoftwoepics.

（3）Hiscontribution:

h.theheroiccouplet——finish,eleganee,wit,pointedness;

i.satire.

（4）weakness:

lackofimagination.

2.AddisonandSteele

（1）RichardSteele:

poet,playwright,essayist,publisherofnewspaper.

（2）JosephAddison:

studiesatOxford,secretaryofstate,createdaliteraryperiodical“Specta（orzith”Steele,1711）

（3）SpectatorClub.

（4）Thesignificaneeoftheiressays.

a.Theirwritingsin“TheTatler”,and“TheSpectator”provideane

socialmoralityfortherisingbourgeoisie.

b.Theygiveatruepictureofthesociallifeofinthe18thcentury.

3.SamuelJohnso—poet,critic,essayist,lexicographer,editor.

（1）Life:

a.studiesat;

b.madealivingbywritingandtranslating;

c.thegreatchamofliterature.

（2）works:

poem（TheVanityofHumanWishes,London；criticism

（TheLivesofgreatPoets；preface.

（3）Thechampionofneoclassicalideas.

III.LiteratureofSatire:

JonathanSwift.

1.Life:

（1）borninIreland;

（2）studiesatTrinityCollege;

（3）workedasasecretary;

（4）thechiefeditorofTheExaminer;

（5）theDeanofSt.Patrick'sin.

2.Works:

TheofBooks,ATaleofaTub,AModestProposal,Gulliver'sTravels.

3.Gulliver'sTravels.

Satire—theWhigandtheTories,AnglicanChurchandCatholicChurch.

PartII.Satire—thelegalsystem;condemnationofwar.

PartIII.Satire—ridiculousscientificexperiment.

PartIV.Satire—mankind.

IV.EnglishNovelsofRealistictradition.

1.TheRiseofnovels.

（1）Earlyforms:

folktale-fables-myths-epic-poetry-romances—fabliaux—novella-imaginativenatureoftheirmaterial.（imaginativenarrative）

（2）Theriseofthenovel

a.picaresquenovelinSpainandEngland（16thcentury）:

OforrelatingtoagenreofprosefictionthatoriginatedinSpainanddepictsinrealisticdetailtheadventuresofaroguishhero,oftenwithsatiricorhumorouseffects.

b.:

.

c.AddisonandSteele:

TheSpectator.

（plotandcharacterizationandrealism）

（3）novelanddrama（17thecentury）

2.DanielDefoe—novelist,poet,pamphleteer,publisher,merchant,journalist.）

（1）Life:

a.businesscareer;

b.writingcareer;

c.interestedinpolitics.

（2）RobinsonCrusoe.

a.thestory.

b.thesignificaneeofthecharacter.

c.thefeaturesofhisnovels.

d.thestyleofIanguage.

3.HenryFielding—novelist.

（1）Life:

a.unsuccessfuldramaticcareer;

b.legalcareer;writingcareer.

（2）works.

（3）TomJones.

a.theplot;

b.characters:

Tom,Blifil,Sophia;

c.significanee.

（4）thetheoryofrealism.

（5）thestyleofIanguage.

V.WritersofSentimentalism.

1.Introduction

2.SamuelRichardson-novelist,moralist（Onewhoisundulyconcernedwiththemoralsofothers.）

（1）Life:

a.printerbookseller;

b.letterwriter.

（2）Pamela,VirtueRewarded.

a.thestory

b.thesignificanee

Pamelawasanewthingintheseways:

b）Itsintensionwastoaffordnotmerelyentertainmentbutalsomoralinstruction.

c）Itdescribednotonlythesayingsanddoingsofcharactersbuttheiralsotheirsecretthoughtsandfeelings.Itwas,infact,thefirstEnglishpsycho-analyticalnovel.

3.OliverGoldsmith—poetandnovelist.

A.Life:

a.bornin;

b.asingerandtale-teller,alifeofvagabondage;

c.bookseller;

d.theLiteraryClub;

e.amiserablelife;

f.themostlovablecharacterinEnglishliterature.

B.TheVicarof.

a.story;

b.thesignicance.

VI.EnglishDramaofthe18thcentury

1.Thedeclineofthedrama

2.RichardBrinsleySheriden

A.life.

B.works:

Rivals,TheSchoolforScandals.

C.significaneeofhisplays.

b.Inhisplays,moralityistheconstanttheme.Heismuchconcernedwiththecurrentmoralissuesandlashesharshlyatthesocialvicesoftheday.

c.'sgreatnessalsoliesinhistheatricalart.Heseemstohaveinheritedfromhisparentsanaturalabilityandinbornknowledgeaboutthetheatre.Hisplaysaretheproductofadramaticgeniusaswellasofawell-versedtheatricalman.

d.Hisplotsarewell-organized,hischaracters,eithermajororminor,areallsharplydrawn,andhismanipulationofsuchdevicesasdisguise,mistakenidentityanddramaticironyismasterly.WittydialoguesandneatanddecentIanguagealsomakeacharacteristicofhisplays.

Chapter6EnglishLiteratureoftheRomanticAge

I.Introduction

1.HistoricalBackground

2.LiteraryOverview:

Romanticism

CharacteristicsofRomanticism:

（1）Thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings

（2）Thecreationofaworldofimagination

（3）Thereturntonatureformaterial

（5）Emphasisupontheexpressionofindividualgenius

（6）ThereturntoMiltonandtheElizabethansforliterarymodels

（7）Theinterestinoldstoriesandmedievalromances

（8）AsenseofmelancholyandIoneliness

（9）Therebelliousspirit

II.Pre-Romantics

1.Robert